Genome Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Novel functional insights into ischemic stroke biology provided by the first genome-wide association study of stroke in indigenous Africans.","authors":"Rufus O Akinyemi, Hemant K Tiwari, Vinodh Srinivasasainagendra, Onoja Akpa, Fred S Sarfo, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Reginald Obiako, Morenikeji Komolafe, Lukman Owolabi, Godwin O Osaigbovo, Olga A Mamaeva, Brian A Halloran, Joshua Akinyemi, Daniel Lackland, Olugbo Y Obiabo, Taofik Sunmonu, Innocent I Chukwuonye, Oyedunni Arulogun, Carolyn Jenkins, Abiodun Adeoye, Atinuke Agunloye, Okechukwu S Ogah, Godwin Ogbole, Adekunle Fakunle, Ezinne Uvere, Motunrayo M Coker, Akinkunmi Okekunle, Osahon Asowata, Samuel Diala, Mayowa Ogunronbi, Osi Adeleye, Ruth Laryea, Raelle Tagge, Sunday Adeniyi, Nathaniel Adusei, Wisdom Oguike, Paul Olowoyo, Olayinka Adebajo, Abimbola Olalere, Olayinka Oladele, Joseph Yaria, Bimbo Fawale, Philip Ibinaye, Olalekan Oyinloye, Yaw Mensah, Omotola Oladimeji, Josephine Akpalu, Benedict Calys-Tagoe, Hamisu A Dambatta, Adesola Ogunniyi, Rajesh Kalaria, Donna Arnett, Charles Rotimi, Bruce Ovbiagele, Mayowa O Owolabi","doi":"10.1186/s13073-023-01273-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13073-023-01273-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>African ancestry populations have the highest burden of stroke worldwide, yet the genetic basis of stroke in these populations is obscure. The Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network (SIREN) is a multicenter study involving 16 sites in West Africa. We conducted the first-ever genome-wide association study (GWAS) of stroke in indigenous Africans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cases were consecutively recruited consenting adults (aged > 18 years) with neuroimaging-confirmed ischemic stroke. Stroke-free controls were ascertained using a locally validated Questionnaire for Verifying Stroke-Free Status. DNA genotyping with the H3Africa array was performed, and following initial quality control, GWAS datasets were imputed into the NIH Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) release2 from BioData Catalyst. Furthermore, we performed fine-mapping, trans-ethnic meta-analysis, and in silico functional characterization to identify likely causal variants with a functional interpretation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed genome-wide significant (P-value < 5.0E-8) SNPs associations near AADACL2 and miRNA (MIR5186) genes in chromosome 3 after adjusting for hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiac status in the base model as covariates. SNPs near the miRNA (MIR4458) gene in chromosome 5 were also associated with stroke (P-value < 1.0E-6). The putative genes near AADACL2, MIR5186, and MIR4458 genes were protective and novel. SNPs associations with stroke in chromosome 2 were more than 77 kb from the closest gene LINC01854 and SNPs in chromosome 7 were more than 116 kb to the closest gene LINC01446 (P-value < 1.0E-6). In addition, we observed SNPs in genes STXBP5-AS1 (chromosome 6), GALTN9 (chromosome 12), FANCA (chromosome 16), and DLGAP1 (chromosome 18) (P-value < 1.0E-6). Both genomic regions near genes AADACL2 and MIR4458 remained significant following fine mapping.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings identify potential roles of regulatory miRNA, intergenic non-coding DNA, and intronic non-coding RNA in the biology of ischemic stroke. These findings reveal new molecular targets that promise to help close the current gaps in accurate African ancestry-based genetic stroke's risk prediction and development of new targeted interventions to prevent or treat stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":12645,"journal":{"name":"Genome Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10840175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139691604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological basis of extensive pleiotropy between blood traits and cancer risk","authors":"Miguel Angel Pardo-Cea, Xavier Farré, Anna Esteve, Joanna Palade, Roderic Espín, Francesca Mateo, Eric Alsop, Marc Alorda, Natalia Blay, Alexandra Baiges, Arzoo Shabbir, Francesc Comellas, Antonio Gómez, Montserrat Arnan, Alex Teulé, Monica Salinas, Laura Berrocal, Joan Brunet, Paula Rofes, Conxi Lázaro, Miquel Conesa, Juan Jose Rojas, Lars Velten, Wojciech Fendler, Urszula Smyczynska, Dipanjan Chowdhury, Yong Zeng, Housheng Hansen He, Rong Li, Kendall Van Keuren-Jensen, Rafael de Cid, Miquel Angel Pujana","doi":"10.1186/s13073-024-01294-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-024-01294-8","url":null,"abstract":"The immune system has a central role in preventing carcinogenesis. Alteration of systemic immune cell levels may increase cancer risk. However, the extent to which common genetic variation influences blood traits and cancer risk remains largely undetermined. Here, we identify pleiotropic variants and predict their underlying molecular and cellular alterations. Multivariate Cox regression was used to evaluate associations between blood traits and cancer diagnosis in cases in the UK Biobank. Shared genetic variants were identified from the summary statistics of the genome-wide association studies of 27 blood traits and 27 cancer types and subtypes, applying the conditional/conjunctional false-discovery rate approach. Analysis of genomic positions, expression quantitative trait loci, enhancers, regulatory marks, functionally defined gene sets, and bulk- and single-cell expression profiles predicted the biological impact of pleiotropic variants. Plasma small RNAs were sequenced to assess association with cancer diagnosis. The study identified 4093 common genetic variants, involving 1248 gene loci, that contributed to blood–cancer pleiotropism. Genomic hotspots of pleiotropism include chromosomal regions 5p15-TERT and 6p21-HLA. Genes whose products are involved in regulating telomere length are found to be enriched in pleiotropic variants. Pleiotropic gene candidates are frequently linked to transcriptional programs that regulate hematopoiesis and define progenitor cell states of immune system development. Perturbation of the myeloid lineage is indicated by pleiotropic associations with defined master regulators and cell alterations. Eosinophil count is inversely associated with cancer risk. A high frequency of pleiotropic associations is also centered on the regulation of small noncoding Y-RNAs. Predicted pleiotropic Y-RNAs show specific regulatory marks and are overabundant in the normal tissue and blood of cancer patients. Analysis of plasma small RNAs in women who developed breast cancer indicates there is an overabundance of Y-RNA preceding neoplasm diagnosis. This study reveals extensive pleiotropism between blood traits and cancer risk. Pleiotropism is linked to factors and processes involved in hematopoietic development and immune system function, including components of the major histocompatibility complexes, and regulators of telomere length and myeloid lineage. Deregulation of Y-RNAs is also associated with pleiotropism. Overexpression of these elements might indicate increased cancer risk.","PeriodicalId":12645,"journal":{"name":"Genome Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139663314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative analysis of spatial and single-cell transcriptome data from human pancreatic cancer reveals an intermediate cancer cell population associated with poor prognosis","authors":"Seongryong Kim, Galam Leem, Junjeong Choi, Yongjun Koh, Suho Lee, Sang-Hee Nam, Jin Su Kim, Chan Hee Park, Ho Kyoung Hwang, Kyoung Il Min, Jung Hyun Jo, Hee Seung Lee, Moon Jae Chung, Jeong Youp Park, Seung Woo Park, Si Young Song, Eui-Cheol Shin, Chang Moo Kang, Seungmin Bang, Jong-Eun Park","doi":"10.1186/s13073-024-01287-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-024-01287-7","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies using single-cell transcriptomic analysis have reported several distinct clusters of neoplastic epithelial cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts in the pancreatic cancer tumor microenvironment. However, their molecular characteristics and biological significance have not been clearly elucidated due to intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing using enriched non-immune cell populations from 17 pancreatic tumor tissues (16 pancreatic cancer and one high-grade dysplasia) and generated paired spatial transcriptomic data from seven patient samples. We identified five distinct functional subclusters of pancreatic cancer cells and six distinct cancer-associated fibroblast subclusters. We deeply profiled their characteristics, and we found that these subclusters successfully deconvoluted most of the features suggested in bulk transcriptome analysis of pancreatic cancer. Among those subclusters, we identified a novel cancer cell subcluster, Ep_VGLL1, showing intermediate characteristics between the extremities of basal-like and classical dichotomy, despite its prognostic value. Molecular features of Ep_VGLL1 suggest its transitional properties between basal-like and classical subtypes, which is supported by spatial transcriptomic data. This integrative analysis not only provides a comprehensive landscape of pancreatic cancer and fibroblast population, but also suggests a novel insight to the dynamic states of pancreatic cancer cells and unveils potential therapeutic targets. ","PeriodicalId":12645,"journal":{"name":"Genome Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139648325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-dependent genes in adipose stem and precursor cells affect regulation of fat cell differentiation and link aging to obesity via cellular and genetic interactions","authors":"Asha Kar, Marcus Alvarez, Kristina M. Garske, Huiling Huang, Seung Hyuk T. Lee, Milena Deal, Sankha Subhra Das, Amogha Koka, Zoeb Jamal, Karen L. Mohlke, Markku Laakso, Sini Heinonen, Kirsi H. Pietiläinen, Päivi Pajukanta","doi":"10.1186/s13073-024-01291-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-024-01291-x","url":null,"abstract":"Age and obesity are dominant risk factors for several common cardiometabolic disorders, and both are known to impair adipose tissue function. However, the underlying cellular and genetic factors linking aging and obesity on adipose tissue function have remained elusive. Adipose stem and precursor cells (ASPCs) are an understudied, yet crucial adipose cell type due to their deterministic adipocyte differentiation potential, which impacts the capacity to store fat in a metabolically healthy manner. We integrated subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) bulk (n=435) and large single-nucleus RNA sequencing (n=105) data with the UK Biobank (UKB) (n=391,701) data to study age-obesity interactions originating from ASPCs by performing cell-type decomposition, differential expression testing, cell-cell communication analyses, and construction of polygenic risk scores for body mass index (BMI). We found that the SAT ASPC proportions significantly decrease with age in an obesity-dependent way consistently in two independent cohorts, both showing that the age dependency of ASPC proportions is abolished by obesity. We further identified 76 genes (72 SAT ASPC marker genes and 4 transcription factors regulating ASPC marker genes) that are differentially expressed by age in SAT and functionally enriched for developmental processes and adipocyte differentiation (i.e., adipogenesis). The 76 age-perturbed ASPC genes include multiple negative regulators of adipogenesis, such as RORA, SMAD3, TWIST2, and ZNF521, form tight clusters of longitudinally co-expressed genes during human adipogenesis, and show age-based differences in cellular interactions between ASPCs and adipose cell types. Finally, our genetic data demonstrate that cis-regional variants of these genes interact with age as predictors of BMI in an obesity-dependent way in the large UKB, while no such gene-age interaction on BMI is observed with non-age-dependent ASPC marker genes, thus independently confirming our cellular ASPC results at the biobank level. Overall, we discover that obesity prematurely induces a decrease in ASPC proportions and identify 76 developmentally important ASPC genes that implicate altered negative regulation of fat cell differentiation as a mechanism for aging and directly link aging to obesity via significant cellular and genetic interactions.","PeriodicalId":12645,"journal":{"name":"Genome Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139648097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell analysis of immune and stroma cell remodeling in clear cell renal cell carcinoma primary tumors and bone metastatic lesions.","authors":"Shenglin Mei, Adele M Alchahin, Ioanna Tsea, Youmna Kfoury, Taghreed Hirz, Nathan Elias Jeffries, Ting Zhao, Yanxin Xu, Hanyu Zhang, Hirak Sarkar, Shulin Wu, Alexander O Subtelny, John Inge Johnsen, Yida Zhang, Keyan Salari, Chin-Lee Wu, Mark A Randolph, David T Scadden, Douglas M Dahl, John Shin, Peter V Kharchenko, Philip J Saylor, David B Sykes, Ninib Baryawno","doi":"10.1186/s13073-023-01272-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13073-023-01272-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite therapeutic advances, once a cancer has metastasized to the bone, it represents a highly morbid and lethal disease. One third of patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) present with bone metastasis at the time of diagnosis. However, the bone metastatic niche in humans, including the immune and stromal microenvironments, has not been well-defined, hindering progress towards identification of therapeutic targets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected fresh patient samples and performed single-cell transcriptomic profiling of solid metastatic tissue (Bone Met), liquid bone marrow at the vertebral level of spinal cord compression (Involved), and liquid bone marrow from a different vertebral body distant from the tumor site but within the surgical field (Distal), as well as bone marrow from patients undergoing hip replacement surgery (Benign). In addition, we incorporated single-cell data from primary ccRCC tumors (ccRCC Primary) for comparative analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The bone marrow of metastatic patients is immune-suppressive, featuring increased, exhausted CD8 + cytotoxic T cells, T regulatory cells, and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) with distinct transcriptional states in metastatic lesions. Bone marrow stroma from tumor samples demonstrated a tumor-associated mesenchymal stromal cell population (TA-MSC) that appears to be supportive of epithelial-to mesenchymal transition (EMT), bone remodeling, and a cancer-associated fibroblast (CAFs) phenotype. This stromal subset is associated with poor progression-free and overall survival and also markedly upregulates bone remodeling through the dysregulation of RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling activity in bone cells, ultimately leading to bone resorption.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results provide a comprehensive analysis of the bone marrow niche in the setting of human metastatic cancer and highlight potential therapeutic targets for both cell populations and communication channels.</p>","PeriodicalId":12645,"journal":{"name":"Genome Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10823713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139570447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SRT-Server: powering the analysis of spatial transcriptomic data.","authors":"Sheng Yang, Xiang Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s13073-024-01288-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13073-024-01288-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spatial resolved transcriptomics (SRT) encompasses a rapidly developing set of technologies that enable the measurement of gene expression in tissue while retaining spatial localization information. SRT technologies and the enabled SRT studies have provided unprecedent insights into the structural and functional underpinnings of complex tissues. As SRT technologies have advanced and an increasing number of SRT studies have emerged, numerous sophisticated statistical and computational methods have been developed to facilitate the analysis and interpretation of SRT data. However, despite the growing popularity of SRT studies and the widespread availability of SRT analysis methods, analysis of large-scale and complex SRT datasets remains challenging and not easily accessible to researchers with limited statistical and computational backgrounds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we present SRT-Server, the first webserver designed to carry out comprehensive SRT analyses for a wide variety of SRT technologies while requiring minimal prior computational knowledge. Implemented with cutting-edge web development technologies, SRT-Server is user-friendly and features multiple analytic modules that can perform a range of SRT analyses. With a flowchart-style interface, these different analytic modules on the SRT-Server can be dragged into the main panel and connected to each other to create custom analytic pipelines. SRT-Server then automatically executes the desired analyses, generates corresponding figures, and outputs results-all without requiring prior programming knowledge. We demonstrate the advantages of SRT-Server through three case studies utilizing SRT data collected from two common platforms, highlighting its versatility and values to researchers with varying analytic expertise.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, SRT-Server presents a user-friendly, efficient, effective, secure, and expandable solution for SRT data analysis, opening new doors for researchers in the field. SRT-Server is freely available at https://spatialtranscriptomicsanalysis.com/ .</p>","PeriodicalId":12645,"journal":{"name":"Genome Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10811909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139566968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"mRNA-based precision targeting of neoantigens and tumor-associated antigens in malignant brain tumors.","authors":"Vrunda Trivedi, Changlin Yang, Kelena Klippel, Oleg Yegorov, Christina von Roemeling, Lan Hoang-Minh, Graeme Fenton, Elizabeth Ogando-Rivas, Paul Castillo, Ginger Moore, Kaytora Long-James, Kyle Dyson, Bently Doonan, Catherine Flores, Duane A Mitchell","doi":"10.1186/s13073-024-01281-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13073-024-01281-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite advancements in the successful use of immunotherapy in treating a variety of solid tumors, applications in treating brain tumors have lagged considerably. This is due, at least in part, to the lack of well-characterized antigens expressed within brain tumors that can mediate tumor rejection; the low mutational burden of these tumors that limits the abundance of targetable neoantigens; and the immunologically \"cold\" tumor microenvironment that hampers the generation of sustained and productive immunologic responses. The field of mRNA-based therapeutics has experienced a boon following the universal approval of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. mRNA-based immunotherapeutics have also garnered widespread interest for their potential to revolutionize cancer treatment. In this study, we developed a novel and scalable approach for the production of personalized mRNA-based therapeutics that target multiple tumor rejection antigens in a single therapy for the treatment of refractory brain tumors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Tumor-specific neoantigens and aberrantly overexpressed tumor-associated antigens were identified for glioblastoma and medulloblastoma tumors using our cancer immunogenomics pipeline called Open Reading Frame Antigen Network (O.R.A.N). Personalized tumor antigen-specific mRNA vaccine was developed for each individual tumor model using selective gene capture and enrichment strategy. The immunogenicity and efficacy of the personalized mRNA vaccines was evaluated in combination with anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy or adoptive cellular therapy with ex vivo expanded tumor antigen-specific lymphocytes in highly aggressive murine GBM models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the antigen-specific mRNA vaccines in eliciting robust anti-tumor immune responses in GBM hosts. Our findings substantiate an increase in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes characterized by enhanced effector function, both intratumorally and systemically, after antigen-specific mRNA-directed immunotherapy, resulting in a favorable shift in the tumor microenvironment from immunologically cold to hot. Capacity to generate personalized mRNA vaccines targeting human GBM antigens was also demonstrated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We have established a personalized and customizable mRNA-therapeutic approach that effectively targets a plurality of tumor antigens and demonstrated potent anti-tumor response in preclinical brain tumor models. This platform mRNA technology uniquely addresses the challenge of tumor heterogeneity and low antigen burden, two key deficiencies in targeting the classically immunotherapy-resistant CNS malignancies, and possibly other cold tumor types.</p>","PeriodicalId":12645,"journal":{"name":"Genome Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10809449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-canonical antigens are the largest fraction of peptides presented by MHC class I in mismatch repair deficient murine colorectal cancer","authors":"Giuseppe Rospo, Rosaria Chilà, Vittoria Matafora, Veronica Basso, Simona Lamba, Alice Bartolini, Angela Bachi, Federica Di Nicolantonio, Anna Mondino, Giovanni Germano, Alberto Bardelli","doi":"10.1186/s13073-023-01275-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-023-01275-3","url":null,"abstract":"Immunotherapy based on checkpoint inhibitors is highly effective in mismatch repair deficient (MMRd) colorectal cancer (CRC). These tumors carry a high number of mutations, which are predicted to translate into a wide array of neoepitopes; however, a systematic classification of the neoantigen repertoire in MMRd CRC is lacking. Mass spectrometry peptidomics has demonstrated the existence of MHC class I associated peptides (MAPs) originating from non-coding DNA regions. Based on these premises we investigated DNA genomic regions responsible for generating MMRd-induced peptides. We exploited mouse CRC models in which the MMR gene Mlh1 was genetically inactivated. Isogenic cell lines CT26 Mlh1+/+ and Mlh1-/- were inoculated in immunocompromised and immunocompetent mice. Whole genome and RNA sequencing data were generated from samples obtained before and after injection in murine hosts. First, peptide databases were built from transcriptomes of isogenic cell lines. We then compiled a database of peptides lost after tumor cells injection in immunocompetent mice, likely due to immune editing. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and matched next-generation sequencing databases were employed to identify the DNA regions from which the immune-targeted MAPs originated. Finally, we adopted in vitro T cell assays to verify whether MAP-specific T cells were part of the in vivo immune response against Mlh1-/- cells. Whole genome sequencing analyses revealed an unbalanced distribution of immune edited alterations across the genome in Mlh1-/- cells grown in immunocompetent mice. Specifically, untranslated (UTR) and coding regions exhibited the largest fraction of mutations leading to highly immunogenic peptides. Moreover, the integrated computational and LC-MS/MS analyses revealed that MAPs originate mainly from atypical translational events in both Mlh1+/+ and Mlh1-/- tumor cells. In addition, mutated MAPs—derived from UTRs and out-of-frame translation of coding regions—were highly enriched in Mlh1-/- cells. The MAPs trigger T-cell activation in mice primed with Mlh1-/- cells. Our results suggest that—in comparison to MMR proficient CRC—MMRd tumors generate a significantly higher number of non-canonical mutated peptides able to elicit T cell responses. These results reveal the importance of evaluating the diversity of neoepitope repertoire in MMRd tumors.","PeriodicalId":12645,"journal":{"name":"Genome Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139500763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiome for predicting immune checkpoint blockade-associated adverse events","authors":"Muni Hu, Xiaolin Lin, Tiantian Sun, Xiaoyan Shao, Xiaowen Huang, Weiwei Du, Mengzhe Guo, Xiaoqiang Zhu, Yilu Zhou, Tianying Tong, Fangfang Guo, Ting Han, Xiuqi Wu, Yi Shi, Xiuying Xiao, Youwei Zhang, Jie Hong, Haoyan Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13073-024-01285-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-024-01285-9","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of the gut microbiome on the initiation and intensity of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) prompted by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is widely acknowledged. Nevertheless, there is inconsistency in the gut microbial associations with irAEs reported across various studies. We performed a comprehensive analysis leveraging a dataset that included published microbiome data (n = 317) and in-house generated data from 16S rRNA and shotgun metagenome samples of irAEs (n = 115). We utilized a machine learning-based approach, specifically the Random Forest (RF) algorithm, to construct a microbiome-based classifier capable of distinguishing between non-irAEs and irAEs. Additionally, we conducted a comprehensive analysis, integrating transcriptome and metagenome profiling, to explore potential underlying mechanisms. We identified specific microbial species capable of distinguishing between patients experiencing irAEs and non-irAEs. The RF classifier, developed using 14 microbial features, demonstrated robust discriminatory power between non-irAEs and irAEs (AUC = 0.88). Moreover, the predictive score from our classifier exhibited significant discriminative capability for identifying non-irAEs in two independent cohorts. Our functional analysis revealed that the altered microbiome in non-irAEs was characterized by an increased menaquinone biosynthesis, accompanied by elevated expression of rate-limiting enzymes menH and menC. Targeted metabolomics analysis further highlighted a notably higher abundance of menaquinone in the serum of patients who did not develop irAEs compared to the irAEs group. Our study underscores the potential of microbial biomarkers for predicting the onset of irAEs and highlights menaquinone, a metabolite derived from the microbiome community, as a possible selective therapeutic agent for modulating the occurrence of irAEs.","PeriodicalId":12645,"journal":{"name":"Genome Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139500706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial multi-omics: novel tools to study the complexity of cardiovascular diseases.","authors":"Paul Kiessling, Christoph Kuppe","doi":"10.1186/s13073-024-01282-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13073-024-01282-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spatial multi-omic studies have emerged as a promising approach to comprehensively analyze cells in tissues, enabling the joint analysis of multiple data modalities like transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, and metabolome in parallel or even the same tissue section. This review focuses on the recent advancements in spatial multi-omics technologies, including novel data modalities and computational approaches. We discuss the advancements in low-resolution and high-resolution spatial multi-omics methods which can resolve up to 10,000 of individual molecules at subcellular level. By applying and integrating these techniques, researchers have recently gained valuable insights into the molecular circuits and mechanisms which govern cell biology along the cardiovascular disease spectrum. We provide an overview of current data analysis approaches, with a focus on data integration of multi-omic datasets, highlighting strengths and weaknesses of various computational pipelines. These tools play a crucial role in analyzing and interpreting spatial multi-omics datasets, facilitating the discovery of new findings, and enhancing translational cardiovascular research. Despite nontrivial challenges, such as the need for standardization of experimental setups, data analysis, and improved computational tools, the application of spatial multi-omics holds tremendous potential in revolutionizing our understanding of human disease processes and the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Exciting opportunities lie ahead for the spatial multi-omics field and will likely contribute to the advancement of personalized medicine for cardiovascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12645,"journal":{"name":"Genome Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10795303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139491246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}