Genitourinary Medicine最新文献_第10页

Managing Family Planning in General Practice 在全科医学中管理计划生育

Genitourinary Medicine Pub Date : 1997-08-01 DOI: 10.1136/STI.73.4.327

C. Thomas

引用次数: 3

Microbiological diagnosis of gonorrhoea. 淋病的微生物诊断。

Genitourinary Medicine Pub Date : 1997-08-01 DOI: 10.1136/sti.73.4.245

A E Jephcott

{"title":"Microbiological diagnosis of gonorrhoea.","authors":"A E Jephcott","doi":"10.1136/sti.73.4.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.73.4.245","url":null,"abstract":"Gonorrhoea is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. This is a delicate and fastidious organism which dies rapidly if exposed to desiccating or oxidising conditions and requires a moist carbon dioxide enriched atmosphere and a nutrient medium if it is to be cultured successfully. For these reasons diagnosis by culture was regarded as difficult and uncertain, but many decades ago the problems were overcome, and culture became the method of first choice for diagnosis, and remains the \"gold standard\" against which others are measured.' However, culture is by no means the only method available for diagnosis of gonorrhoea, and others offer alternative advantages such as speed, robustness, or technical simplicity, and no single method is appropriate in all situations. In the typical UK microbiology laboratory specimens to be examined for gonococci will usually have been taken from patients in whom there is a significant likelihood of infection, and, on the results obtained, therapy is likely to be administered. Prevalences will vary, but are likely to be highest in patients attending genitourinary medicine clinics and somewhat lower in other patient groups. However, specimens may also be received as part of continuous or intermittent monitoring of particular population groups such as antenatal clinic patients. Here the aim, while including the treatment of any infected patients identified, is primarily to establish background knowledge of the prevalence of infection in that community. Tests employed in these differing situations will need to meet different performance criteria. Where a clinician is seeking to identify infection in an individual patient the sensitivity of the test (that is, the likelihood of a genuine infection being detected by the test) is of paramount importance, whereas the risk of encountering a false positive result-which relates to the specificity of the test, will be of lesser importance.2 However, in a situation where infection rates are low the problems of encountering false positive results will become more significant, so that the specificity of the test system employed will take on increasing importance and some sensitivity may have to be sacrificed. Moreover, in any situation the likelihood of any test result, either positive or negative, being accurate (the so called positive and negative predictive values) will depend on the number of genuine cases present in the population tested, as well as on the sensitivity and specificity of the test.2 Thus, when numbers are low specificity becomes increasingly important, whereas in a population with a high prevalence of infection, optimal sensitivity should be sought. Elsewhere in the world the availability of laboratory facilities, and the technical expertise available in these, can be very different from those normally found in the UK, and the prevalence of infection may well be far higher. All these variables will affect the choice of the optimal test to employ-as will financial consi","PeriodicalId":12621,"journal":{"name":"Genitourinary Medicine","volume":"73 4","pages":"245-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/sti.73.4.245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20318301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 38

Psychological factors in recurrent genital herpes. 复发性生殖器疱疹的心理因素。

Genitourinary Medicine Pub Date : 1997-08-01 DOI: 10.1136/sti.73.4.253

J Green, A Kocsis

引用次数: 47

Pyrexia of undetermined origin in advanced HIV disease. 晚期HIV疾病中不明原因的发热。

Genitourinary Medicine Pub Date : 1997-08-01 DOI: 10.1136/sti.73.4.308

C M Tang, C P Conlon, R F Miller

引用次数: 0

Sexual health: what's in a name? 性健康:名字有什么关系?

Genitourinary Medicine Pub Date : 1997-08-01 DOI: 10.1136/sti.73.4.323

A Dillon, B Anderson, B Donovan

引用次数: 0

Photosensitivity due to saquinavir. 沙奎那韦引起的光敏性。

Genitourinary Medicine Pub Date : 1997-08-01 DOI: 10.1136/sti.73.4.323-a

A J Winter, J M Pywell, J M Ilchyshyn, J Fearn, D Natin

引用次数: 7

Genital ulceration revealing a primary cutaneous anaplastic lymphoma. 生殖器溃疡显示原发性皮肤间变性淋巴瘤。

Genitourinary Medicine Pub Date : 1997-08-01 DOI: 10.1136/sti.73.4.325

B Cribier, D Lipsker, E Grosshans, C Duhem, C Capesius, M Dicato

{"title":"Genital ulceration revealing a primary cutaneous anaplastic lymphoma.","authors":"B Cribier, D Lipsker, E Grosshans, C Duhem, C Capesius, M Dicato","doi":"10.1136/sti.73.4.325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.73.4.325","url":null,"abstract":"general population in this high risk area, HIV test requests in the general practice sentinel network in Amsterdam have been recorded from 1989 to 1992, and from September 1994 to September 1996. The coverage of the network was reduced from 10% (198992) to 7% (1994-5) and 2% (1995-6) of the Amsterdam population, but it remained representative in terms of distribution of practices over the city and sex-age distribution. Through the years, homosexual men accounted for 15-20% of the HIV test requests and drug users for 3-6%. The average yearly incidence of test requests between 1989 and 1992 was 5-3 (4.7-5.5) per 1000 patients, after which it decreased to 3.9 (1994-5) and 2-6 (1995-6). The average percentage of positive test results between 1989 and 1996 was 7.0 (5.9-9 0), with peaks in 1991 (8.6%) and 1994-5 (9.0%). In the nationwide general practice sentinel network, which covers about 1% of the Dutch population, the yearly incidence of HIV test requests per 1000 patients rose steadily from 0-8 (1988) to 1-8 (1993). Of the tests performed, an average of 1% were positive.2 The higher incidence of test requests and positive test results in general practices in Amsterdam confirm the status of Amsterdam as a high risk area for HIV. The marked decline since 1992, in the incidence of test requests in general practices in Amsterdam is interesting, as it contradicts the trend seen elsewhere in the Netherlands. This may well reflect a certain saturation towards HIV testing among the general population in a high risk area. Towards the end of 1996, the new effective combination treatment for HIV became available.3 This is expected to stimulate HIV test requests from individuals who have been at risk for HIV but have not tested before. Given the trend described here, it remains to be seen if a rise in HIV test requests will occur in Amsterdam. L WIGERSMA Department of General Practice, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands","PeriodicalId":12621,"journal":{"name":"Genitourinary Medicine","volume":"73 4","pages":"325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/sti.73.4.325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20320109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

A comparison of the sensitivity of the InPouch TV, Diamond's and Trichosel media for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis. InPouch TV、Diamond’s、Trichosel培养基检测阴道毛滴虫的灵敏度比较。

Genitourinary Medicine Pub Date : 1997-08-01 DOI: 10.1136/sti.73.4.297

K A Borchardt, M Z Zhang, H Shing, K Flink

{"title":"A comparison of the sensitivity of the InPouch TV, Diamond's and Trichosel media for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis.","authors":"K A Borchardt, M Z Zhang, H Shing, K Flink","doi":"10.1136/sti.73.4.297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.73.4.297","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study compared the ability of three culture media (InPouch TV, Diamond's, and Trichosel) to support the growth of clinical isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis and their relative sensitivity for detection of the organism.Methods: The majority of the clinical isolates were obtained from two San Francisco Bay Area clinics. T vaginalis was subcultured in 4 ml of one of the InPouch, Diamond's, or Trichosel media for 24-48 hours before evaluation. Twenty isolates were initially cultured in the InPouch test, 13 with Diamond's, and 10 with Trichosel. A haemocytometer was used to measure the initial concentrations of the organisms. Then serial dilutions were made in saline to yield approximately 2.0 x 10(4), 2.0 x 10(3), and 2.0 x 10(2) motile T vaginalis per ml. A 30 microliter inoculum from each dilution was transferred into 4 ml aliquots of the three media (387 individual tests, 43 x 3 dilutions x 3 media). Microscopic examinations for viable trichomonads were made at 24, 48, and 96 hours. Microscopy was through the pouch wall for the InPouch medium, and through a cover slipped slide with one drop of Diamond's and Trichosel media.Results: At 24 hours, the InPouch demonstrated 84/129 positive, Diamond's 23/129, and Trichosel 18/129. At 48 hours, an accumulative positive rate for the InPouch was 98/129, for Diamond's 55/129, and Trichosel 47/129. At 96 hours the total positives for each test were 112/129 for the InPouch, 78/129 for Diamond's, and 74/129 for Trichosel.Conclusions: The InPouch TV test was significantly more sensitive than either Diamond's or Trichosel (at 0.01 level of significance, pInPouch > pDiamond's; pInPouch > pTrichosel on all three dilutions at 24, 48, and 96 hours). This increased sensitivity was the result of either a reduced generation time or the larger volume of media examined microscopically.","PeriodicalId":12621,"journal":{"name":"Genitourinary Medicine","volume":"73 4","pages":"297-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/sti.73.4.297","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20319528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 50

Are reported stress and coping style associated with frequent recurrence of genital herpes? 报告的压力和应对方式是否与生殖器疱疹的频繁复发有关?

Genitourinary Medicine Pub Date : 1997-08-01 DOI: 10.1136/sti.73.4.263

L Cassidy, J Meadows, J Catalán, S Barton

{"title":"Are reported stress and coping style associated with frequent recurrence of genital herpes?","authors":"L Cassidy, J Meadows, J Catalán, S Barton","doi":"10.1136/sti.73.4.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.73.4.263","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This paper reports on the cross sectional data from the longitudinal study examining the impact of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection on quality of life. In particular the report sought to study the relation between recurrence of genital HSV and coping style, mood, personality, and quality of life, among other factors.Setting and subjects: 116 patients with a known history of genital herpes simplex infection attending the Department of Genitourinary Medicine at Chelsea and Westminster Hospital.Methods: Psychosocial factors (stress, anxiety, depression, health locus of control, personality, social support, coping skills, and quality of life) and the reported frequency of genital herpes episodes were measured using self administered questionnaires designed to examine the relation between psychosocial status and the frequency of genital HSV episodes.Results: The number of recurrences reported by patients was significantly related to the style of coping skills used. Higher recurrences were less likely to use problem focused coping skills of planning and active coping, and the emotion focused coping skills of positive reinterpretation and growth. There was a significant difference in the number of patients who believed that psychological stress was related to the number of recurrences they experienced. This belief was related to neuroticism on the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire scale, and not to any of the other measures investigated.Conclusion: The findings suggest that it is the way individuals cope, and their personality characteristics rather than actual levels of psychological stress, that influence their belief in a link between recurrent genital HSV and stress. HSV may become the focus of existing concerns and be viewed as the physical manifestation of stress.","PeriodicalId":12621,"journal":{"name":"Genitourinary Medicine","volume":"73 4","pages":"263-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/sti.73.4.263","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20318304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS units in London. 伦敦艾滋病毒/艾滋病单位结核病的医院传播。

Genitourinary Medicine Pub Date : 1997-08-01 DOI: 10.1136/sti.73.4.322

K M De Cock, R Miller, A Zumla, J Holton, I Williams

{"title":"Nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS units in London.","authors":"K M De Cock, R Miller, A Zumla, J Holton, I Williams","doi":"10.1136/sti.73.4.322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.73.4.322","url":null,"abstract":"HIV infected individuals are at risk for nosocomially acquired tuberculosis because of increased exposure to tuberculosis in facilities where those with AIDS associated illnesses gather, susceptibility to infection and reinfection, and rapid progression to disease once infection is established.' Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates allows detection of clusters which may be epidemiologically associated.4 6 Among 79 patients in large clusters in New York City, 25 (32%) were shown to be epidemiologically linked, and 19 (76%) of these identified linkages were hospital associated.7 Since 1985, the HIV/AIDS inpatient unit at University College London Hospitals has seen a median number of 94 new patients with AIDS annually. A total of 73 culture confirmed cases of tuberculosis were diagnosed among this population of patients, for a median number annually (with new or prior AIDS diagnoses) since 1990 of 10 (fig). Three clusters of tuberculosis have been identified. In 1992, two patients developed tuberculosis after hospitalisation at the same time as a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed at bronchoscopy.8 In 1994, two patients were shown to have similar RFLP pattems and to have shared time on the same ward. In 1996, RFLP analysis was performed on isolates from five patients with tuberculosis who had been hospitalised for overlapping periods; two who had also shared outpatient attendances for nebulised pentamidine treatment had similar RFLP pattems. One of these last two had been working abroad until he shared time with the other in our treatment facilities, making exposure from an unrelated common source less likely. In total, at least seven (17%) of the 41","PeriodicalId":12621,"journal":{"name":"Genitourinary Medicine","volume":"73 4","pages":"322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/sti.73.4.322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20320103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3