Gates Open Research最新文献

{"title":"Balancing evidence-informed and user-responsive design: Experience with human-centered design to generate layered economic empowerment and SRH programming in Tanzania, Ethiopia, and Nigeria.","authors":"Meghan Cutherell, Mary Phillips, Carrie Ellett, Emnet Woubishet, Joy Otsanya Ede, Akinjide Adesina, Arnold Kabahaula, Alex Nana-Sinkam, Abednego Musau, Katherine Nichol","doi":"10.12688/gatesopenres.14724.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/gatesopenres.14724.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2021, the Adolescents 360 (A360) project pursued a human-centered design (HCD) process to layer complementary economic empowerment components on top of its existing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) interventions targeting adolescent girls aged 15 to 19. Given the volume of evidence informing successful approaches for improving economic and empowerment outcomes for adolescents, we pursued an intentionally evidence-informed and gender-intentional design process, while trying to also respond directly to user insights. In this open letter, we share how we utilized and validated the evidence-base while applying the core tenets of HCD (empathy and user insights) to design holistic, layered programming for girls. We describe three overarching categories which depict how we used the existing evidence and new user insights to strengthen our design process. Often the evidence base allowed us to expedite finding a solution that worked for our users. However, at times there was a disconnect between what we knew worked in the evidence base and what our users said they wanted. New insights also allowed us to build a greater understanding of our users' lived experiences where there were existing evidence gaps. We were aided by the engagement of a technical partner, BRAC, who synthesized evidence for our design teams and functioned as an 'on demand' support mechanism as questions and challenges arose. Yet, the volume of information to absorb almost guaranteed that we would miss out on the opportunity to apply certain evidence-based practices. We encourage researchers to consider how to make evidence more easily digestible to practitioners and for the whole community of practice to work together to identify what questions need to be asked to effectively operationalize evidence in a local context.</p>","PeriodicalId":12593,"journal":{"name":"Gates Open Research","volume":"7 ","pages":"106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10547119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41122696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogenous transmission and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in two demographically diverse populations with low vaccination uptake in Kenya, March and June 2021","authors":"P. Munywoki, G. Bigogo, Carolyne Nasimiyu, Alice Ouma, George Aol, Clifford O. Oduor, Samuel Rono, Joshua Auko, G. Agogo, R. Njoroge, Dismas Oketch, D. Odhiambo,, Victor W. Odeyo, Gilbert K. Kikwai, C. Onyango, B. Juma, E. Hunsperger, Shirley Lidechi, C. Ochieng, Terrence Q. Lo, P. Munyua, A. Herman-Roloff","doi":"10.12688/gatesopenres.14684.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.14684.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: SARS-CoV-2 has extensively spread in cities and rural communities, and studies are needed to quantify exposure in the population. We report seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in two well-characterized populations in Kenya at two time points. These data inform the design and delivery of public health mitigation measures. Methods: Leveraging on existing population based infectious disease surveillance (PBIDS) in two demographically diverse settings, a rural site in western Kenya in Asembo, Siaya County, and an urban informal settlement in Kibera, Nairobi County, we set up a longitudinal cohort of randomly selected households with serial sampling of all consenting household members in March and June 2021. Both sites included 1,794 and 1,638 participants in March and June 2021, respectively. Individual seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was expressed as a percentage of the seropositive among the individuals tested, accounting for household clustering and weighted by the PBIDS age and sex distribution. Results: Overall weighted individual seroprevalence increased from 56.2% (95%CI: 52.1, 60.2%) in March 2021 to 63.9% (95%CI: 59.5, 68.0%) in June 2021 in Kibera. For Asembo, the seroprevalence almost doubled from 26.0% (95%CI: 22.4, 30.0%) in March 2021 to 48.7% (95%CI: 44.3, 53.2%) in July 2021. Seroprevalence was highly heterogeneous by age and geography in these populations—higher seroprevalence was observed in the urban informal settlement (compared to the rural setting), and children aged <10 years had the lowest seroprevalence in both sites. Only 1.2% and 1.6% of the study participants reported receipt of at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine by the second round of serosurvey—none by the first round. Conclusions: In these two populations, SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence increased rapidly in the first 16 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya. It is important to prioritize additional mitigation measures, such as vaccine distribution, in crowded and low socioeconomic settings.","PeriodicalId":12593,"journal":{"name":"Gates Open Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45905909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of helminth eggs (Ascaris suum) inactivation by anaerobic digestion and electrochemical treatment","authors":"P. P. Patil, S. Mutnuri","doi":"10.12688/gatesopenres.14573.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.14573.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of insufficiently treated wastewater or faecal sludge in agriculture raises concerns because of the pathogen content. Helminth eggs are one of the most crucial pathogens for ensuring public health and safety. Widely used disinfection treatment methods do not guarantee the complete inactivation of helminth eggs. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of anaerobic digestion and electrochemical process on helminth (Ascaris suum) egg inactivation. Methods: Lab-scale biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay was conducted by spiking A. suum eggs in a serum bottle. Total solid (TS), volatile solid (VS), pH, biogas production and its composition, and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were analyzed along with A. suum inactivation every third day for the initial 15 days and fifth day for 45 days. In the second set of experiments, a hypochlorite (4700 ppm) solution was generated by electrolysis of aqueous NaCl solution in a membrane-less electrochemical cell. The hypochlorite was diluted (940, 470, 235, and 156ppm) in wastewater, spiked with A. suum eggs and then examined for inactivation at regular intervals. Results: The results of the anaerobic digestion treatment documented 98% inactivation of A. suum eggs (0.15 eggs/mL) in 35 days and remained at 0.14 eggs/mL until day 45. Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between non-viable eggs and pH and a negative relationship with all the other parameters.  Electrochemical treatment achieved 10% inactivation at 940 ppm concentration in 24h. Conclusions: This study revealed that the inactivation of A. suum eggs by anaerobic digestion or electrochemical treatment is a combined effect of more than one parameter.","PeriodicalId":12593,"journal":{"name":"Gates Open Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46787017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding how they really feel: Lesson learned from four approaches to soliciting user preferences for new contraceptive products in development","authors":"Aurélie Brunie, Rebecca Callahan","doi":"10.12688/gatesopenres.14679.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.14679.1","url":null,"abstract":"<ns3:p><ns3:bold>Background</ns3:bold>: An expanded range of contraceptive methods could reduce unintended pregnancies. User preferences research is important for successful development of products people want to us. This paper describes four approaches to preferences research soliciting user input in different ways: 1) perspectives on contraceptive method characteristics, 2) reactions to products in development, 3) trade-offs between contraceptive method characteristics, and 4) “blue-sky” ideas on novel contraceptive technologies.</ns3:p><ns3:p> </ns3:p><ns3:p> <ns3:bold>Methods</ns3:bold>: We conducted two mixed-method studies: one implemented in Burkina Faso and Uganda combining three of these approaches, and the other implemented in India and Nigeria using two approaches. We share observations on the strengths and weaknesses of each approach and draw on our experience to highlight lessons learned for future user preferences studies.</ns3:p><ns3:p> </ns3:p><ns3:p> <ns3:bold>Results</ns3:bold>: Each approach contributes to product development in different ways, and the usefulness of each methodology depends on the product development stage and corresponding informational needs.</ns3:p><ns3:p> </ns3:p><ns3:p> <ns3:bold>Conclusions</ns3:bold>: Recommendations for future research include combining different methods, angles, and perspectives; using sequential designs whenever possible; tailoring product descriptions to user understanding for optimal feedback; and acknowledging the value and limitations of both quantitative results for modeling demand and idiosyncratic ideas to inspire development of new products.</ns3:p>","PeriodicalId":12593,"journal":{"name":"Gates Open Research","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135643477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community engagement for the Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) program: an analysis of key stakeholder roles to promote a sustainable program in Zambia.","authors":"Joseph M Zulu, Trevor Mwamba, Alyssa Rosen, Tulani Francis L Matenga, Joseph Mulanda, Mutale Kaimba, Masitano Chilembo, Madaliso Silondwa, Royd L Kamboyi, Sylvia Chila Simwanza, George Sichone, Malizgani Paul Chavula","doi":"10.12688/gatesopenres.13587.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/gatesopenres.13587.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Within the Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) programme, community engagement has been central in facilitating the acceptance of VMMC, especially in non-circumcising communities. We used the case of the development of community engagement plans for sustainability of VMMC in Zambia to illustrate diversity of stakeholders, their power, roles, and strategies in community engagement. <b>Methods:</b> Data were collected using document review, in-depth interviews (n=35) and focus group discussions (n=35) with community stakeholders, health workers, health centre committees, counsellors, teachers, community volunteers and parents/caregivers. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The analysis was guided by the power and interest model. <b>Results:</b> Differences were noted between the rural and urban sites in terms of power/influence and interest rating of community stakeholders who could be involved in the sustainability phase of the VMMC response in Zambia. For example, in the urban setting, neighbourhood health committees (NHCs), health workers, leaders of clubs, community health workers (CHWs), radio, television and social media platforms were ranked highest. From this list, social media and television platforms were not highly ranked in rural areas. Some stakeholders had more sources of power than others. Forms or sources of power included technical expertise, local authority, financial resources, collective action (action through schools, churches, media platforms, other community spaces), and relational power.   Key roles and strategies included strengthening and broadening local coordination systems, enhancing community involvement, promoting community-led monitoring and evaluation, through the use of locally recognised communication spaces and channels, facilitating ownership of VMMC, and improving local accountability processes in VMMC activities. <b>Conclusions:</b> By consulting with the most relevant stakeholders, and considering community needs in programme development, the VMMC programme may be able to leverage the community structures and systems to reduce long term demand generation costs for VMMC and increase the acceptability and frequency of male circumcision.</p>","PeriodicalId":12593,"journal":{"name":"Gates Open Research","volume":"6 ","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10105033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9552842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using responsive feedback from routine monitoring data to guide course corrections for a family planning intervention in Nigeria","authors":"D. Meekers, O. Olutola, L. Abu Turk","doi":"10.12688/gatesopenres.14591.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.14591.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This paper aims to promote the use of interrupted time series analyses of routine data as a responsive feedback tool to improve public health programs on an ongoing basis. This methodology is demonstrated by measuring the effect of a radio campaign to promote a family planning call center in Nigeria on the demand for family planning information and explains how the results were used to adapt the program.   Methods: We used a single group interrupted time series design (ITS) as a responsive feedback mechanism to determine whether the radio campaign influenced use of the Honey&Banana call center. ITS is ideal when a control group is not available and assumes that an interruption of the trend in the outcome measure occurs after the intervention starts. ITS uses the pre-intervention trend to predict what would have happened if the intervention were absent.   Results: After conducting ITS analyses, the results show that the number of calls requesting family planning information increased throughout the campaign period, with a gain of about 500 additional calls per month, and then decreased after the campaign ended. However, the number of calls gained from the campaign was substantially lower than anticipated.   Conclusions: While end-of-project impact evaluations are necessary, there should be regular feedback system to provide program implementers with information about the status of the project, such as failures, successes, and areas of improvements. This would allow implementers to make necessary adjustments as needed throughout the intervention period. The finding that the radio campaign was not living up to expectations helped program implementers to end the campaign prematurely and re-allocate resources to a more promising activity. Our research shows that basic ITS analysis of routine data can be a useful tool for receiving regular feedback to guide programming improvements.","PeriodicalId":12593,"journal":{"name":"Gates Open Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45159445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of the effectiveness of a detergent-based California mastitis test (CMT), using Ethiopian and Nigerian domestic detergents, for the detection of high somatic cell counts in milk and their reliability compared to the commercial UK CMT.","authors":"Jack D Rust, Michael J Christian, Ciara J Vance, Muhammed B Bolajoko, Johanna T Wong, Jeimmy Suarez-Martinez, Fiona K Allan, Andrew R Peters","doi":"10.12688/gatesopenres.13369.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/gatesopenres.13369.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background: </b> The California mastitis test (CMT) is a simple cow-side indicator of the somatic cell count (SCC) in milk, providing a useful tool in identifying cases of subclinical mastitis in cattle. Mastitis, and in particular subclinical mastitis, is a major concern in Ethiopia and Nigeria, yet detection is challenging due to cost and access to commercial CMT reagents. <b>Methods:</b> Commercially available domestic detergents from Ethiopia and Nigeria were compared (n = 3 for each country) with the UK commercial CMT reagent in their ability to detect high SCC (>400,000 cells/ml milk).  Sensitivity and specificity of the CMT test were calculated for the different detergents and positive and negative predictive values were established. <b>Results: </b> The average sensitivities of the tests ranged from 28-75% for the Ethiopian detergents and 68-80% for the Nigerian detergents, compared to 76% for the UK domestic detergent.  Test specificities were 84-98%, 93-97% and 96%, respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> <b> </b>Overall, the detergents demonstrated higher specificity than sensitivity. <b> </b> Nigerian detergents performed better than the Ethiopian products, however, the study identified suitable domestic detergents from both Ethiopia and Nigeria, comparable to the UK commercial CMT reagent, and we recommend their use as alternative CMT reagents for livestock-keepers to aid in cost-effective diagnosis of mastitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12593,"journal":{"name":"Gates Open Research","volume":"5 ","pages":"146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10285044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10093957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Azithromycin in labour to reduce maternal and newborn sepsis and associated deaths: the need for a harmonized approach","authors":"E. Mcclure, A. Roca, K. Kotloff, W. Carlo, U. d’Alessandro, H. Tinto, Bully Camara, E. Chomba, S. Sow, A. Driscoll, J. Hemingway-Foday, A. Tita","doi":"10.12688/gatesopenres.14214.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.14214.1","url":null,"abstract":"Maternal and newborn infections are a major contributor to mortality and morbidity globally.  Lost-cost, effective and safe interventions are needed to address these.  Based on promising findings, azithromycin has been identified as potentially effective antibiotic to reduce maternal and newborn infections in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).  However, robust randomized clinical trials in a range of settings are needed to confirm these findings as well as to understand the implications for antimicrobial resistance.  To better understand the impact of azithromycin on maternal and newborn health, at least three clinical trials are being conducted to evaluate azithromycin in LMICs.  We describe these trials, the importance of harmonizing study measures and the potential public health impact of azithromycin in LMICs.","PeriodicalId":12593,"journal":{"name":"Gates Open Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48798542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implication of the 2014 World Health Organization Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Pneumonia Guidelines with and without pulse oximetry use in Malawi: A retrospective cohort study","authors":"S. Hooli, C. Makwenda, N. Lufesi, T. Colbourn, T. Mvalo, E. McCollum, C. King","doi":"10.12688/gatesopenres.13963.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13963.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Under-5 pneumonia mortality remains high in low-income countries. In 2014 the World Health Organization (WHO) advised that children with chest indrawing pneumonia, but without danger signs or peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) < 90% be treated in the community, rather than hospitalized. In Malawi there is limited pulse oximetry availability. Methods: Secondary analysis of 13,413 under-5 pneumonia cases in Malawi. Pneumonia associated case fatality ratios (CFR) were calculated by disease severity under the assumptions of the 2005 and 2014 WHO Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines, with and without pulse oximetry. We investigated if pulse oximetry readings were missing not at random (MNAR). Results: The CFR of patients classified as having non-severe pneumonia per the 2014 IMCI guidelines doubled under the assumption that pulse oximetry was not available (1.5% without pulse oximetry vs 0.7% with pulse oximetry, P<0.001). When 2014 IMCI guidelines were applied with pulse oximetry and a SpO2 < 90% as the threshold for referral and/or admission, the number of cases meeting hospitalization criteria decreased by 70.3%. Unrecorded pulse oximetry readings were MNAR with an adjusted odds for mortality of 4.9 (3.8, 6.3), similar to that of a SpO2 < 90%. Although fewer girls were hospitalized, female sex was an independent mortality risk factor. Conclusions: In Malawi, implementation of the 2014 WHO IMCI pneumonia guidelines, without pulse oximetry, will miss high risk cases. Alternatively, implementation of pulse oximetry may result in a large reduction in hospitalization rates without significantly increasing non-severe pneumonia associated CFR if the inability to obtain a pulse oximetry reading is considered a WHO danger sign.","PeriodicalId":12593,"journal":{"name":"Gates Open Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49196858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using models and maps to inform Target Product Profiles and Preferred Product Characteristics: the example of Wolbachia replacement","authors":"Katie Tiley, J. Entwistle, Bruce Thomas, L. Yakob, O. Brady","doi":"10.12688/gatesopenres.14300.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.14300.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background The global prevalence of diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, such as dengue, Zika and Yellow Fever, is increasing, but development of promising new mosquito control technologies could reverse this trend. Target Product Profiles (TPPs) and Preferred Product Characteristics (PPCs) documents issued by the World Health Organization can guide the research and development pathways of new products and product combinations transitioning from proof of concept to operational use. Methods We used high resolution global maps of the case and economic burden of dengue to derive programmatic cost targets to support a TPP for Wolbachia replacement. A compartmental entomological model was used to explore how release size, spacing and timing affect replacement speed and acceptability. To support a PPC for a hybrid suppress-then-replace approach we tested whether Wolbachia replacement could be achieved faster, more acceptably or at a lower cost if preceded by a mosquito suppression programme. Results We show how models can reveal trade-offs, identify quantitative thresholds and prioritise areas and intervention strategies for further development. We estimate that for Wolbachia replacement to be deployable in enough areas to make major contributions to reducing global dengue burden by 25% (in line with 2030 WHO targets), cost must ultimately be reduced to between $7.63 and $0.24 (USD) per person protected or less. Suppression, particularly interventions that induce mosquito sterility, can reduce the number of Wolbachia mosquitoes necessary to achieve fixation by up to 80%. A hybrid approach can also achieve fixation faster and potentially improve acceptability, but may not justify their cost if they require major new investments in suppression technologies. Conclusions Here we demonstrate the value dedicated modelling can provide for interdisciplinary groups of experts when developing TPPs and PPCs. These models could be used by product developers to prioritise and shape development decisions for new Wolbachia replacement products.","PeriodicalId":12593,"journal":{"name":"Gates Open Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41542373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}