{"title":"APERTIF: Phased array feeds for the westerbork synthesis radio telescope","authors":"W. V. van Cappellen, L. Bakker","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202141739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202141739","url":null,"abstract":"Present day synthesis radio telescopes have limited survey capabilities because of field of view restrictions. A novel method to form multiple beams on the sky is to employ a phased array feed (PAF). In telescopes with small f/D ratios, it is the only way to form closely packed beams on the sky. An additional advantage of this technique is that a PAF allows optimizing the secondary beam in terms of sensitivity, sidelobes and polarization characteristics. APERTIF (“APERture Tile In Focus”) is a PAF system that is being developed for the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) to increase its survey speed with a factor 20. This paper presents a system overview of APERTIF and measurement results that demonstrate the unique capabilities of PAFs in practice: Wide field of view (scan range), low system temperature, excellent illumination efficiency, synthesis imaging and a significant reduction of the reflector — feed interaction.","PeriodicalId":125604,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121454604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EVM performance evaluation of array channels' amplitude and phase errors for DBF phased array antennas","authors":"Huali Wang, Hong-mei Zhao","doi":"10.1109/ARRAY.2010.5613350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARRAY.2010.5613350","url":null,"abstract":"Error vector magnitude (EVM) is extensively applied as a measure of wireless communication systems' performance. In this paper, the effects of amplitude and phase errors for satellite digital beam-forming (DBF) multi-beam phased array antenna systems on EVM are investigated. The analytic expression for EVM about array channels' amplitude and phase errors is derived and verified by computer simulation.","PeriodicalId":125604,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124928612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of cryogenic phased array feeds for Radio Astronomy antennas","authors":"R. Norrod, J. Fisher, B. Jeffs, K. Warnick","doi":"10.1109/ARRAY.2010.5613299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARRAY.2010.5613299","url":null,"abstract":"The National Radio Astronomy Observatory and Brigham Young University are jointly working to develop phased array feed systems for use on radio astronomy reflector antennas. This paper describes recent progress in development of a cryogenically cooled L-band PAF receiver. Noise test results for dipole elements and cryogenic low-noise amplifier assemblies are presented. The results indicate it will be possible to achieve PAF system noise temperature competitive with the best single-beam radio astronomy receivers.","PeriodicalId":125604,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128529614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Otten, J. D. de Wit, F. Smits, W. V. van Rossum, A. Huizing
{"title":"Scalable multifunction RF system concepts for joint operations","authors":"M. Otten, J. D. de Wit, F. Smits, W. V. van Rossum, A. Huizing","doi":"10.1109/ARRAY.2010.5613321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARRAY.2010.5613321","url":null,"abstract":"RF systems based on modular architectures have the potential of better re-use of technology, decreasing development time, and decreasing life cycle cost. Moreover, modular architectures provide scalability, allowing low cost upgrades and adaptability to different platforms. To achieve maximum benefit from modularity and scalability, the challenge is to define the front-end concept in such a way that it supports multiple functions and is applicable in multiple environments and platforms. This paper describes concepts for such modular systems that may be used for RF functions in maritime, airborne and land based systems. The first part discusses general scalability properties of various RF functions, the second part discusses example system concepts in a ‘joint’ scenario (land/sea/air). The focus of this paper is on X-Ku band systems: considering essential RF functions like radar and communication, and the types of platforms in maritime, land-based and airborne operations, this frequency range provides the highest potential for application in all these domains and platforms. Conceptual designs for weapon location radar, SAR/GMTI, surveillance radar and tactical data link are presented.","PeriodicalId":125604,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126293618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bandwidth assignment for target tracking in coherent distributed aperture radar networks","authors":"M. Deaett, L. Naimark","doi":"10.1109/ARRAY.2010.5613345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARRAY.2010.5613345","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple target tracking using networks of coherently integrated radar apertures is a current research topic that promises improved tracking accuracy and more efficient system implementations. The design of such tracking systems is complicated by the multiple subsystem functions involved in overall system performance. The separate isolated design of these functions results in suboptimal system performance. In this paper we consider the overall multiple radar system optimization by means of aperture waveform bandwidth allocation. In general, a greater aggregate bandwidth assigned to a target results in a more accurate target track. However, since multiple targets are simultaneously tracked, the data network transmission capacity limits the overall throughput resulting in a resource assignment problem. The assignment problem is specifically to assign available multi-radar bandwidth in a manner that maximizes the number of targets that achieve a terminal tracking error that is less than the maximum error allowed. We introduce a multistage control framework to demonstrate the performance of a proportional assignment procedure for countering a saturation attack. Conclusions for designing suitable distributed radar systems are given.","PeriodicalId":125604,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129907996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and modeling of finite and low-profile, ultra-wideband phased-array antennas","authors":"N. Riley, D. Riley, Jianming Jin","doi":"10.1109/ARRAY.2010.5613324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARRAY.2010.5613324","url":null,"abstract":"The physical phenomena that determine the bandwidth of wideband connected phased arrays are identified by examining time domain responses of the total voltage or current at the input terminals of a radiator in the array. The paper demonstrates that achieving the widest possible bandwidth from a phased array requires minimization or cancellation of the following: (1) signals traveling into the observation port from neighboring elements, (2) reflections from discontinuities in the geometry of the radiating element, (3) reflections from the edge of a finite connected array, and (4) reflections from the ground plane. An investigation of currents on various connected arrays demonstrates that shaping the radiating element to minimize reflections from the end of the array and interactions with neighboring sources is an important first step toward wideband phased array designs. Of particular interest are self-complementary radiators. The use of high impedance substrates is further demonstrated as a means to obtain ultra widebandwidth when self-complementary radiators are placed above a conducting ground plane. Finally, advanced finite element methods are briefly described for the efficient and accurate analysis of both infinite and finite ultra wideband arrays.","PeriodicalId":125604,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128076305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In situ array antenna diagnosis using microwave circular holography","authors":"Jean-Jacques Nicolas","doi":"10.1109/ARRAY.2010.5613353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARRAY.2010.5613353","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is presenting a circular microwave holography algorithm for the troubleshooting of in-service phased array antennas in situ. The algorithm is one dimensional and the arrays are either linear or planar. First the algorithm for the estimation of array element excitations from circular near field measurements is built step by step. The performance in terms of accuracy is then studied in simulation. The results demonstrate an excellent potential for fault finding.","PeriodicalId":125604,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114563127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Manasson, L. Sadovnik, V. Litvinov, R. Mino, I. Gordion, A. Avakian, M. Felman, D. Jia, M. Aretskin, V. Khodos, Alexander Brailovskiy
{"title":"Electronically reconfigurable aperture (ERA): A new approach for beam-steering technology","authors":"V. Manasson, L. Sadovnik, V. Litvinov, R. Mino, I. Gordion, A. Avakian, M. Felman, D. Jia, M. Aretskin, V. Khodos, Alexander Brailovskiy","doi":"10.1109/ARRAY.2010.5613294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARRAY.2010.5613294","url":null,"abstract":"In order to satisfy the demanding SWaP requirements of modern microwave/MMW instruments, designers are looking for novel integrated solutions. In particular, phased array packaging, especially at Ka and higher frequencies, is extremely challenging as half-wavelength spacing is prohibitively small. The cost of implementing high density phased array packaging is another impediment to wider use. This communication presents a new electronically beam-steering technology that is compatible with highly integrated antenna design and dramatically simplifies packaging. It is based on the coherent scattering of the evanescent field associated with waves propagating through a dielectric waveguide. The antenna scattering elements are controlled electronically and constitute a dynamically reconfigurable hologram. The switching time from one hologram pattern (one beam position) to another is on the order of tens of nanoseconds. Because of the hologram nature of this approach, the beam-forming capabilities of the electronically reconfigurable aperture (ERA) approach are comparable to those of phased arrays: 1D and 2D beam-forming and beam-steering, multiple simultaneous individually controlled beams, steerable nulls and variable beam width(s).","PeriodicalId":125604,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129205553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antenna array diagnosis in situ: Experimental results using microwave circular holography","authors":"Jean-Jacques Nicolas","doi":"10.1109/ARRAY.2010.5613354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARRAY.2010.5613354","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is presenting the experimental performance of a circular microwave holography algorithm for the troubleshooting of in-service array antennas. The experiment is conducted using an algorithm for the estimation of array element excitations from circular near field measurements. The experimental results exceed those obtained from the preliminary numerical simulations.","PeriodicalId":125604,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124575305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Million element ISIS array","authors":"Tim Clark, E. Jaska","doi":"10.1109/ARRAY.2010.5613396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARRAY.2010.5613396","url":null,"abstract":"The DARPA ISIS Program is developing and demonstrating technologies to enable a stratospheric airship-based dual-band active-array radar system. The antenna is a UHF and X-band shared aperture with backend digital beamforming. ISIS achieves unprecedented airborne radar performance through use of a large antenna aperture instead of high transmit power. The low-power-density aperture has an areal mass density of only 2 kg/m2. A conceptual future system achieves 360° azimuth coverage using a cylindrical antenna of 36m height and 50.5m diameter. A small demonstration system scheduled for launch in 2013 has a UHF antenna cylinder 8m high and 22m in diameter. A 98m2 rectangular section of this cylinder is populated with active X-band elements. The dual-band array has total receive and overhead power consumption, including off-array components, of only 5W/m2.","PeriodicalId":125604,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127800688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}