Global health & medicine最新文献

{"title":"Advantages of short-term antimicrobial treatment for pneumonia and aspiration pneumonia in older patients aged over 65: A nationwide inpatient database study.","authors":"Kei Yamamoto, Shunsuke Edakubo, Kiyohide Fushimi","doi":"10.35772/ghm.2024.01087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35772/ghm.2024.01087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The duration of antimicrobial therapy required to treat community-acquired pneumonia is often longer than expected, likely because of the high number of such inpatients in developed countries with aging populations. In this study, we evaluated the effects of short-term treatments for both pneumonia and aspiration pneumonia in older Japanese adults using the nation's inpatient database. Inpatients aged ≥ 65 years who were admitted to the hospital for pneumonia or aspiration pneumonia between April 1, 2018, and October 31, 2018, were included. We compared patients treated <i>via</i> intravenous antibiotics for 3-7 days to control patients treated with a similar regimen for 8-28 days, using inverse probability of treatment-weighted Cox regression. The primary outcome was relapse or readmission for pneumonia and death within 30 days after completing antimicrobial therapy. The secondary outcomes were average treatment effect for <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (CDI), chest drainage, and length of hospital stay. The total number of eligible patients was 72,294. The hazard ratio for the primary outcome was 1.04 (95% confidence interval: 0.99-1.10). The mean length of hospital stay was shortened to 9.74 days (range, 9.34-10.1) in the short-term treatment group. The prevalence rates of CDI and chest drainage did not differ significantly between the short- and long-term treatment groups. We observed no statistically significant difference in clinical outcomes between the older adults with pneumonia including aspiration pneumonia who received short- <i>vs</i> long-term antimicrobial therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12556,"journal":{"name":"Global health & medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"28-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of Mpox: The role of One Health.","authors":"Chien-Yuan Huang, Shih-Bin Su, Kow-Tong Chen","doi":"10.35772/ghm.2024.01072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35772/ghm.2024.01072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human monkeypox (Mpox) is an emerging zoonotic disease. Its clinical features are similar to but less severe than those of smallpox. The etiology of this disease is the monkeypox virus. This virus is a double-stranded DNA virus that is classified into the genus <i>Orthopoxvirus</i> and the family <i>Poxviridae</i>. Human monkeypox was first identified in 1970 and mainly occurred in Central and Western Africa. In 2022, outbreaks of Mpox virus infection occurred in several non-endemic countries and caused a potential threat to humans. It is urgent to take immediate action to control and prevent the outbreak of the Mpox virus infection. This paper summarizes the current status of Mpox and generated strategies for managing the Mpox epidemic. Although progress in the diagnostic methods and treatment of Mpox produces better knowledge, we argue that the sensitive surveillance for animal and human Mpox virus infection and evidence-based response and management of Mpox outbreaks is critical. This study highlights the need for further research on preventive and control strategies for Mpox disease approached through the One Health concept.</p>","PeriodicalId":12556,"journal":{"name":"Global health & medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the toxic and lethal doses of one over-the-counter drug product in humans and the ingredients that may be abused: Building a drug database to prevent drug overdoses.","authors":"Kazuki Nagashima, Rin Tanaka, Miyu Nakahara, Asuka Omori, Machiko Watanabe, Yuko Sekine","doi":"10.35772/ghm.2024.01071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35772/ghm.2024.01071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pharmacists who provide medication to patients immediately before they overdose should intervene appropriately; however, little information exists on the types and amounts of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs that are dangerous. This study investigated the toxicity and characteristics of overdosing on a single package of commercially available OTC drugs in humans. We researched 14,107 OTC drugs. The number of products that could contain a lethal dose if taken as a single package was 1,223 (8.7%) and a toxic dose was 2,982 (21.1%). A single product containing a lethal dose to humans by therapeutic category included skin drugs (<i>n</i> = 672, 25.0%), psychotropic drugs (<i>n</i> = 288, 17.9%), and public health drugs (<i>n</i> = 92, 26.1%) in descending order. Comparing before and after April 2023, the number of OTC pharmaceuticals that contained ingredients that may be abused, significantly increased: psychotropic drugs (44.9% increase), respiratory drugs (8.2% increase), and urogenital and anal organs drugs (3.5% increase) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These products had not been previously designated as hazardous despite their potential for abuse. The registrants in the \"Drug Database for Overdose Prevention\" that made these public included 199 pharmacists, registered sellers, and doctors as of July 31, 2024. The city with the most users was Osaka (377 users) and an average engagement time of 41.8 seconds, followed by Sapporo, Fukuoka, and Nagoya. These areas were consistent with urban centers and high numbers of emergency transports due to overdose. Our findings provide important pharmaceutical information that pharmacists can use for their gatekeeper activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":12556,"journal":{"name":"Global health & medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"49-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between ego depletion and health promotion behaviors in older adults with diabetes: A cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China.","authors":"Zhongying Guo, Li Chen, Jiaojiao Bai, Rui Chen, Yanyuan Zhu, Jingyi Zhu","doi":"10.35772/ghm.2024.01090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35772/ghm.2024.01090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the prevalence of diabetes in the elderly has risen sharply, and diabetes and its related complications seriously affect the physical and mental health of patients. Health promotion behaviors are extremely important in preventing the onset and development of diabetes. Ego depletion is a common negative psychological experience among most patients with chronic disease, which affects their performance of health-promoting behaviors. However, the relationship between ego depletion and health-promoting behaviors in elderly patients with diabetes is unclear. We assessed the relationship between ego depletion and health-promoting behaviors in older people with diabetes, and the factors influencing health-promoting behaviors. The 751 participants had an ego depletion score of 44.55 ± 6.62 and a health-promoting behavior score of 77.61 ± 18.72, with a significant negative correlation between ego depletion and health-promoting behavior (<i>r</i> = -0.320, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The level of health promotion behaviors was higher in patients with a high school level of education and above (<i>p</i> < 0.001), living with a spouse and children (<i>p</i> = 0.010) and having received diabetes-related health education (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and the cognitive (<i>p</i> < 0.001), emotional (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and behavioral control dimensions of ego depletion (<i>p</i> = 0.016) were significant predictors of health promotion behaviors. Nursing staff should provide personalized care for patients with a low level education, who are living alone, and who have not received health education to prevent or respond to patient ego depletion and to improve patients' health promotion behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12556,"journal":{"name":"Global health & medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The process of post-traumatic growth for the main caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Yufeng Yu, Yuhui Wang, Ling Li, Wenlin Yi, Jing Li, Jianbin Hu","doi":"10.35772/ghm.2024.01098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35772/ghm.2024.01098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Family members caring for individuals with Alzheimers disease (AD) often experience significant psychological distress, which can lead to mental health issues such as severe depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and anxiety. We conducted a study to explore the experiences of 18 primary caregivers of AD patients through semi-structured in-depth interviews. The study identified four key stages of post-traumatic growth (PTG): <i>i</i>) the pain period, <i>ii</i>) the struggle period, <i>iii</i>) the recovery period, and <i>iv</i>) the period of positive growth. Additionally, factors that contribute to PTG among caregivers include <i>i</i>) strong social support, <i>ii</i>) active coping strategies, <i>iii</i>) reflection on and understanding of their caregiving experience, and <i>iv</i>) future planning. Healthcare professionals should incorporate strategies to promote PTG in clinical practice to effectively support caregivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12556,"journal":{"name":"Global health & medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"72-73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical potential of SAG-524: A novel HBV RNA destabilizer with a unique mechanism of action.","authors":"Yasuhito Tanaka","doi":"10.35772/ghm.2024.01078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35772/ghm.2024.01078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SAG-524 is a novel, oral HBV RNA destabilizer developed to address the limitations of treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs), which are effective against HBV DNA but show limited efficacy in reducing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels. SAG-524 exerts its effect by destabilizing HBV RNA by shortening the poly(A) tail, which leads to a significant reduction of both pgRNA and PreS/S mRNA. This destabilization seems to be specific for HBV RNA molecules. The mechanism involves the recruitment of PAPD5/7 by ZCCHC14 to the HBV RNA, where guanine is incorporated into the poly(A) tail to protect against degradation. SAG-524 disrupts this process by directly targeting PAPD5, thus destabilizing HBV RNA. In preclinical trials, oral administration of SAG-524 reduced serum HBsAg levels in HBV-infected PXB mice. When combined with NAs or capsid assembly modulators (CAMs), significant reductions in HBsAg, HBV DNA, and intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA were observed. Safety studies conducted over 13 weeks in mice and monkeys revealed no significant toxicity, demonstrating the drug demonstrated a favorable safety profile. In conclusion, the novel mechanism of action, high oral bioavailability, and strong suppression of HBsAg make SAG-524 a promising candidate for future therapeutic use. The potential for combination therapy with NAs or CAMs underscores its capacity to contribute to achieving a functional cure for chronic HBV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12556,"journal":{"name":"Global health & medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"64-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current global applications of HBcrAg assays in the management of chronic hepatitis B.","authors":"Takako Inoue, Yasuhito Tanaka","doi":"10.35772/ghm.2024.01097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35772/ghm.2024.01097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) is a vital marker for monitoring chronic hepatitis B (CHB) as it correlates with hepatitis B (HBV) DNA and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). The iTACT-HBcrAg assay, approved in Japan, provides highly sensitive and automated testing, reducing patient burden by requiring smaller specimen volumes and offering shorter processing times. Crucial for managing HBV reactivation and predicting hepatocellular carcinoma, it delivers consistent and reliable results. In resource-limited regions, the HBcrAg-rapid diagnostic test (HBcrAg-RDT) facilitates early HBV detection and management. This point-of-care testing (POCT) tool requires no specialized equipment and provides results within 30 minutes, making it invaluable in areas lacking HBV DNA quantification. Trials in West Africa, Asia, and other developing regions demonstrate its sensitivity and specificity. Together, these advancements in iTACT-HBcrAg and HBcrAg-RDT assays enhance CHB patient care and contribute significantly to the global effort to eliminate HBV as a public health threat.</p>","PeriodicalId":12556,"journal":{"name":"Global health & medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"67-71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological support for people with hemophilia and HIV who suffer from cancer: A first national survey.","authors":"Akari Fukuda, Michiko Koga, Takahiro Tanaka, Aya Ishizaka, Takashi Hosaka, Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi","doi":"10.35772/ghm.2024.01076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35772/ghm.2024.01076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychological support is necessary for people with hemophilia and HIV (PHH) who suffer from cancers. Most PHH are infected with not only HIV but also hepatitis C virus due to non-heat-treated blood coagulation factor products. PHH have a high risk of carcinogenesis, including liver cancer. Furthermore, many PHH present psychological problems, due to the great stress resulting from carcinogenesis and which impedes their cancer treatment. This study aimed to assess the psychological support system through a nationwide survey of healthcare workers caring for PHH at HIV care hospitals in Japan. The response rate was 49.1% (194/395), with a coverage rate of 74% (516/697) for PHH. Our findings indicated that psychologists were the most likely to be \"coordinated\" or \"expected to coordinate\" when PHH suffered from cancer (74%, multiple responses allowed). The most common reason for rating the adequacy of psychological support as \"very good\" or \"good\" was \"easy collaboration with various professionals and medical teams\". The number of HIV coordinator nurses and clinical psychologists per facility was 1.06 and 2.56, respectively. Our findings indicated more psychological support systems should be established in Japan, including reimbursement for psychological support for PHH.</p>","PeriodicalId":12556,"journal":{"name":"Global health & medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"39-48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer based on the Nationwide Gastric Cancer Registry in Japan.","authors":"Yasuhide Yamada, Yasuyuki Seto, Takaki Yoshikawa, Hiroya Takeuchi, Yuko Kitagawa, Yasuhiro Kodera, Yuichiro Doki, Kazuhiro Yoshida, Kei Muro, Yoshinori Kabeya, Ami Kamada, Kengo Nagashima, Hiraku Kumamaru, Hisateru Tachimori, Mitsuru Sasako, Hitoshi Katai, Hiroyuki Konno, Yoshihiro Kakeji","doi":"10.35772/ghm.2024.01080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35772/ghm.2024.01080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The nationwide registry of the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association contains data related to the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy and prognostic factors across this patient population; elderly patients with advanced resectable gastric cancer are especially prevalent. Here, we analyzed data from 34,931 patients, who were treated between 2011 and 2013 at 421 hospitals in Japan. Although adjuvant chemotherapy was effective overall, 75 years or older elderly patients had a worse prognosis compared to younger patients. The most administered adjuvant chemotherapy was S-1 monotherapy. Adjuvant S-1 monotherapy was also effective for patients with pT1N2, pT1N3, and pT3N0 stage II tumors, as well as patients with other stage II and III malignancies. Independent prognostic factors for poor overall and relapse-free survival in patients at both stage II and stage III were age 75 or older, male, preoperative Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG-PS) 1 or more, preoperative renal dysfunction, undifferentiated adenocarcinoma, undergoing total gastrectomy, open laparotomy, no adjuvant chemotherapy, D1 lymphadenectomy, residual tumor R1 or R2, and Clavien-Dindo classification grade II or higher. Age 75 or older, renal dysfunction, ECOG-PS 1 and total gastrectomy were also significant risk factors for postoperative complications and lower compliance with adjuvant chemotherapy. Our analysis also revealed that adjuvant chemotherapy after resection of cancer of gastric remnant and postoperative chemotherapy against CY1 gastric cancer were also effective. We conclude that adjuvant chemotherapy is effective for all stage II and III patients including age 75 or older gastric cancer patients, in addition to distal gastrectomy, proximal gastrectomy, and pylorus-preserving surgery to avoid total gastrectomy may improve surgical outcomes and quality of life for elderly patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12556,"journal":{"name":"Global health & medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"13-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-COVID-19 era trends in foreigners undergoing a complete medical examination in Japan: A single-center analysis of inbound medical care.","authors":"Jun Lu, Sachiko Kubo, Makiko Hashimoto, Yuko Hayashi, Erika Masuda, Miyuki Sadatsuki, Yukio Hiroi","doi":"10.35772/ghm.2025.01006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35772/ghm.2025.01006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the post-COVID-19 era, inbound medical care in Japan adapted to the growing demand for high-quality and precise healthcare. One form of this care is a complete medical examination, which has gained significant popularity among foreign residents of Japan and foreign visitors to Japan. From 2021 to 2024, 787 individuals from 27 countries underwent a complete medical examination at our facility. The annual growth rate in foreign residents undergoing a complete medical examination was 64% (2022 <i>vs</i>. 2021), 22% (2023 <i>vs</i>. 2022), and 10% (2024 <i>vs</i>. 2023); a notable proportion of those individuals were originally from China. These findings underscore the need for Japan's medical care to evolve in response to the diverse needs of an international clientele, highlighting the importance of tailored healthcare solutions in a globalized context.</p>","PeriodicalId":12556,"journal":{"name":"Global health & medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"74-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}