Geologica Carpathica最新文献

{"title":"Metamorphism of the westernmost Triassic metasedimentary rocks in the Sakar unit, Sakar–Strandja zone, Bulgaria","authors":"Tzvetomila Vladinova, M. Georgieva","doi":"10.31577/geolcarp.73.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geolcarp.73.4.4","url":null,"abstract":": Metasedimentary sequence from the westernmost Sakar Unit (Klokotnitsa Village area), Sakar–Strandja Zone, comprises a variety of lithologies with Triassic protolith age. In the study area, the Sakar Unit is affected by low-grade metamorphism in the frame of the Maritsa dextral strike-slip shear zone and separates two first-order units of the Balkan orogenic system – the Rhodope massif and the Srednogorie Zone. We present the petrography, mineral chemical data, and thermodynamic modelling of metasediments for a better understanding of the protoliths origin and metamorphic evolution. The mineral assemblages in Triassic metasediments suggest sedimentary protoliths containing quartz, clay, and carbonate minerals (sandstones, clays, and limestones). The detrital minerals (quartz, albite, orthoclase and accessory phases – zircon, monazite, apatite) reveal potential granite source provenance. The dominance of phengite–chlorite association correlates with low temperature and water-saturated conditions. The Perple_X pseudosection, combined with modelled mineral assemblages and mineral chemistry isopleths of muscovite and chlorite, correspond to metamorphism in the range 275–330 °C and 3–4 kbar. The results correspond with a chlorite geothermometer. The thermodynamic modelling corroborates the petrographic observations and proves greenschist metamorphic conditions that affected the Triassic sedimentary cover of the westernmost Sakar Unit.","PeriodicalId":12545,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Carpathica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47996638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tephrochronology of a distal tonstein layer within the Maritsa East lignite basin, Bulgaria: Potential sources of the Miocene large explosive eruption","authors":"S. Georgiev, D. Dimitrova, Marianna Yossifova, Milena Vetseva, R. Ivanova","doi":"10.31577/geolcarp.73.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geolcarp.73.4.6","url":null,"abstract":": This contribution presents the age of the detrital zircons from the coal bearing Miocene succession of the Maritsa East lignite basin. We report a new finding of thin kaolinized pyroclastic beds (tonstein) in the coal bearing succession. The analysis of the detrital age component shows sedimentary input from the basement of the proximal area. The most abundant age cluster 290–315 Ma shows that the predominant sources are the Early Permian–Late Carboni­ ferous intrusions in the area. The newly­recognized tonstein beds represent the products of large, distal pyroclastic erup­ tions and are an important element of the sedimentary succession. They are dated at 14.31±0.30 Ma, which corresponds to the absolute age of the organic matter deposition of the productive middle lignite seam. Their source could most likely be related to the Miocene acid paroxysm ignimbrite eruptions in the Pannonian basin.","PeriodicalId":12545,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Carpathica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41557069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of the lower Badenian depositional system in the East Slovakian Basin: Implications for reservoir rock potential","authors":"Viktória Subová, S. Rybár, Katarína Šarinová, N. Hudáčková, Michal Jamrich, Ľ. Sliva, B. Šály, I. Hlavatý","doi":"10.31577/geolcarp.73.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geolcarp.73.4.3","url":null,"abstract":": The Transcarpathian Basin, consisting of the Prešov and Trebišov sub-basins, is situated at the border of the Western and Eastern Carpathians. Hydrocarbon exploration in this basin has been ongoing for more than 60 years and reserves of economic importance are located in the E to NE part of the basin. The Trebišov sub-basin was analysed to characterize and predict lower Badenian (Langhian) reservoir rocks. To achieve this aim, new sedimentary facies, seismic facies, petrographic and paleontological analyses were performed, combined with original total porosity and permeability measurements. Based on the planktic foraminifera and calcareous nannoplankton zonation, the lower Badenian sequence in the Trebišov sub-basin was divided into a lower and an upper interval. The presence of very well sorted sandstone layers, glauconite grains, albitization, selective alteration of tuffs into zeolites as well as the fossil assemblages reinforce the volcanic influenced marine environments. Documented sedimentary structures indicate subaqueous density flows preceded by the newly observed fluvial and deltaic facies. The total sandstone porosity measurements indicate a gradual porosity decrease with depth marked by a value of 13.21 % at the surface decreasing down to 6.41 % at ~3 km below the surface. These numbers correspond to reservoirs with low to reduced porosity. Diagenetic products such as illite, chlorite and feldspar cement together with compaction effects, and variations in the crystallinity in siliceous cement led to the modification of initial porosity. The potential lower Badenian reservoir sandstones are frequently deformed by strike-slip faults responsible for the large pull-apart basin complex (seen as horsetail structures on reflection seismic sections) forming various fault-bounded structural traps. The lower Badenian sandstones present at the top of two anti clinal structures in the central part of the basin, display very strong reflection amplitudes on newly merged 3D reflection seismic data underlining the additional exploration potential in the basin.","PeriodicalId":12545,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Carpathica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48896471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Orava segment of the Pieniny Klippen Belt: Lithology, structure and stratigraphy based on the organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts (Šariš Unit)","authors":"Marína Molčan Matejová, P. Gedl","doi":"10.31577/geolcarp.73.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geolcarp.73.4.2","url":null,"abstract":": The Pieniny Klippen Belt of the Western Carpathians is built up by Jurassic to Eocene Oravic units, with the Šariš, Subpieniny, and Pieniny Unit on the top. Major emphasis was placed on the dark fine-grained clastic deposits exposed in the vicinity of the villages of Beňova Lehota and Revišné (Orava sector of the Pieniny Klippen Belt). Through investigation of palynological material, the age of dark flysch strata was determined as predominantly uppermost Toarcian to Middle Aalenian and affiliated with the Szlachtowa and/or Skrzypny formations, belonging to the Šariš Unit. The results from the dinoflagellate cysts were supplemented by a structural investigation of the Šariš Unit. The complicated tectonic evolution of the Pieniny Klippen Belt is documented by intermixing of the soft shale deposits of Jurassic and Cretaceous age and by the presence of folds and cleavages. Based on the acquired data, the D 1 event records a compression with a NE–SW direction and is represented by folds with axial-plane cleavage. The younger D 2 phase is marked by the presence of south-vergent backthrusts, resulting from the ongoing compression and subsequent tilting of the originally north-vergent nappe stack of the Oravic units.","PeriodicalId":12545,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Carpathica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46651690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Major and trace element signature of epidote-group minerals in altered pegmatites from the Petrovitsa Pb–Zn deposit of the Madan ore region, Central Rhodopes, Bulgaria: Evidence of allanite/epidote transformation","authors":"Sylvina Georgieva, R. Vassileva, Georgi Milenkov, Elitsa Stefanova","doi":"10.31577/geolcarp.73.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geolcarp.73.4.5","url":null,"abstract":": The geochemical behaviour of major, rare, and trace elements in members of epidote-group minerals formed at different stages of magmatic and hydrothermal activity in pegmatites from the Madan ore district was studied. Accessory allanite-(Ce) and two generations of hydrothermal clinozoisite–epidote occur in hydrothermally-altered pegmatite bodies at the 820 mine level in the Petrovitsa Pb–Zn deposit. Abundant large concordant and crosscutting pegmatites (age 49.63 ± 0.94 Ma) with a thickness of more than 2 m are embedded in a high-grade metamorphic complex composed of various gneisses, amphibolites, and marbles in the area of the Petrovitsa deposit. The pegmatites consist mainly of feldspars and quartz, with plagioclases (albite–oligoclase, oligoclase–andesine, anorthite) predominating over K-feldspars. The main accessory minerals are allanite-(Ce), zircon, apatite, and an abundance of titanite. The overprinted hydrothermal mineral association is characterised by the formation of clinozoisite–epidote, adularia, chlorite, Ca-garnet, titanite, leucoxene, carbonates, hematite, and quartz. Based on petrographic observations, mineral relationships, and chemical properties, two generations of epidotes ( sensu lato ) were recognised: early epidote (Ep1) and late epidote (Ep2). Chemically, allanite-(Ce) contains high amounts of La and Th. The mineral suffered alteration due to several multiphase hydrothermal events and is partly or entirely transformed into REE-rich clinozoisite, causing depletion in REE and Th as well as enrichment of Si, Al, and Ca. The epidote 1 generation is defined chemically as clinozoisite to clinozoisite– epidote, whereas the late epidote 2 generation is clinozoisite–epidote, reaching epidote members. The REE contents in the studied epidotes from both generations are equally low with minor exceptions. The influx of later fluids percolated through and probably extracted REE from allanite and thereafter concentrated them in late-generation epidotes. This is also evidenced by some high REE contents in epidotes from both generations, formed in close proximity to allanite or titanite and/or overgrowing them, which is a sign of restricted REE transport.","PeriodicalId":12545,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Carpathica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46373925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deltaic systems of the northern Vienna Basin: The lower-middle Miocene conglomerate bodies","authors":"Tamás Csibri, Andrej Ruman, Natália Hlavatá Hudáčková, Michal Jamrich, Ľ. Sliva, Katarína Šarinová, M. Kováč","doi":"10.31577/geolcarp.73.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geolcarp.73.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Adam Tomašových) Abstract: The cross-border correlations of the Miocene lithostratigraphic units (Slovakia, Austria) remain poorly constrained, owing to the various sources of clastic material transported into the basin and the low stratigraphic resolution of conglomerates. Therefore, this study is focused on the Lower and Middle Miocene conglomerates in the deltaic systems of the northern Vienna Basin and assesses their implications for cross-border correlations, as well as for the evolution of the Eastern Alpine – Western Carpathians junction area. Revision of lithostratigraphy is based on analyses of the Zohor-1 and Lozorno-1 wells, including the reassessment of published data to account for any refined geochronology and paleogeography. The Lower Miocene Jablonica deltaic system is formed by deposits originating in the alluvial, deltaic, and littoral environments in the basin’s northernmost tip. The conglomerates of exclusively Western Carpathian provenance pass into the deep-water marine mudstones of the Ottnangian Lužice and Karpatian Lakšáry fms. The Karpa tian conglomerates at the base of the Zohor-1 well can be correlated both with the conglomerates of the Jablonica deltaic system in the north, as well as with the conglomerates of the Gänserndorf Mb. in the south. The overlying heterolithic flood plain of the deltaic sediments from the Závod Fm. most likely form the facies continuation of the alluvial to flood plain deposits of the Schönkirchen Mb. (upper part of the Aderklaa Fm.). The Middle Miocene deposition starts with terrestrial sediments along the slopes of the Malé Karpaty Mts. dated to 15.2 Ma. Later, along with the Devínska Nová Ves fan-delta, the presence of Orbulina suturalis developed in the marginal parts of the Vienna Basin during the Early Badenian . Despite having the same structural position, it is younger than the Rothneusiedl Formation in the southern part of the Vienna Basin. The provenance of clastics reflects the source in the Central Western Carpathian units and documents the Miocene uplift of the horst structure of the Malé","PeriodicalId":12545,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Carpathica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42982767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-grade metamorphic rocks of the Tethys subduction–collision zone in the Medvednica Mt. (NW Croatia)","authors":"M. Belak, Damir Slovenec, T. Kolar-Jurkovšek, V. Garašić, Z. Pécskay, D. Tibljaš, Ivan Mišur","doi":"10.31577/geolcarp.73.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geolcarp.73.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Igor Broska) Abstract: The low-grade metasedimentary rocks of Medvednica Mt. (Northwest Croatia) are associated with ortho-greenschists (metabasalts). The Lower to Upper Triassic age of the protolith of the low-grade metamorphic rocks belonging to the Stari Potok, Adolfovac, Tusti Breg, Bliznec, Mrzljak, and Sljeme lithostratigraphic units is determined on the basis of conodonts and field relationships. The metamorphic age of the Triassic metasedimentary rocks from the Risnjak lithostratigraphic units is assumed to be Jurassic. Petrographic and geochemical analyses of ortho-greenschists point to a tholeiite basic magmatic protolith rock having T-MORB (transitional midocean-ridge basalt) characteristics. The ortho-greenschists of the Sljeme lithostratigraphic unit underwent retrograde metamorphism and show metamorphic zoning from the epidote–amphibolite facies to the lower parts of the greenschist facies. However, the greenschists of the Tusti Breg and Bliznec units are characterized by prograde metamorphism ranging from lower to higher greenschist facies. This metamorphism is associated with Jurassic subduction (165–150 Ma) and closure of the Western Tethys. Retrograde metamorphism took place during the collision of the Adriatic and Eurasian plates in the Lower Cretaceous This study represents the new geochemical and petrological data on the Triassic protolith of the low-grade metamorphic rocks of Mt. Medvednica (NW Croatia). The aim of the paper is to determine the chronostratigraphic age of the protoliths of the studied metamorphic rocks, including the time and grade of metamorphism, as well as define the mineralogical, petrological, and geochemical characteristics of ortho-greenschists of Mt. Medvednica and elucidate the geotectonic setting of their formation. On the basis of the results, the protolithic age of the metamorphic rocks was reinterpreted, and thus metamorphism was associated with Alpine orogeny during the closure of the Western Tethys. Additionally, in order to examine the hypothesis of the single Tethyan ocean area during the Mesozoic the analysed ortho-greenschists and their protoliths from the metamorphic complex of Mt. Medvednica were compared with analogous rocks in ophiolite mélanges from the neighbouring magmatic–sedi-mentary complexes (ophiolite mélanges) of the Zagorje–Mid-Transdanubian Zone (ZMTDZ). The analysis of geochemical affinities and geological characteristics of analogous rocks from the will contribute better knowledge the during the","PeriodicalId":12545,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Carpathica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45118868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is there an Upper Devonian rift zone under the northern front of the Alps separating East and West Armorican crustal segments?","authors":"F. Finger, G. Riegler","doi":"10.31577/geolcarp.73.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geolcarp.73.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Igor Broska) Abstract: Many Cadomian and Early Paleozoic basement units in the Alps are considered to be derived from the East Armorican segment of the Gondwana margin. A common assumption is that this East Armorican crustal segment was shifted into the hinterland of West Armorica via a Variscan dextral shear zone. However, the tectonic separation of West and East Armorica could have started earlier during a Late Devonian rifting event. The respective rift zone is supposed to be hidden under the northern nappes of the Alpine–Carpathian chain. This newly proposed sub-Alpine “Cetic rift” was presumably connected with the Upper Devonian Brevenne rift, which is documented in the northern French Massif Central, the southern Vosges and the southern Black Forest. The combined Brevenne–Cetic rift zone may thus represent a major trans-European structure. It is tentatively interpreted as an ephemeral back-arc rift that opened due to southward subduction activities on the northern side of","PeriodicalId":12545,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Carpathica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45058381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Permian A-type rhyolites of the Drienok Nappe, Inner Western Carpathians, Slovakia: Tectonic setting from in-situ zircon U–Pb LA–ICP–MS dating","authors":"M. Ondrejka, R. Vojtko, M. Putiš, D. Chew, M. Olšavský, P. Uher, O. Němec, Foteini Drakou, Alexandra Molnárová, J. Spišiak","doi":"10.31577/geolcarp.73.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geolcarp.73.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Two representative peraluminous A-type rhyolite samples from the Poniky area (the Drienok Nappe) in the Inner Western Carpathians (central Slovakia) were dated using the LA–ICP–MS U–Pb zircon method. These geochronological data represent the first in-situ isotopic dating study undertaken on these volcanic rocks. Oscillatory zoned zircon crystals yielded concordant Permian (Guadalupian) ages of 271.0 ± 1.5 Ma and 267.5 ± 1.6 Ma for the Poniky rhyolites, which supports their genetic link to the analogous mid-Permian (Guadalupian) rhyolites of adjacent Muráň and Vernár nappes. The Ti-in-zircon geothermometry (corrected using the activities of SiO2 and TiO2 using the rhyoliteMELTS thermodynamic software) indicate mean zircon crystallization temperatures of ~910 to 935 °C for the Poniky rhyolites. The results indicate pulses of anorogenic A-type rhyolitic magmatism were coeval with intrusions of granitic rocks associated with an intraplate extensional tectonic regime triggered by asthenospheric upwelling in the Western Carpathian region. The A-type magmatism was most likely related to the break-up of the Pangea supercontinent during the mid-Permian (~270–260 Ma).","PeriodicalId":12545,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Carpathica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48431348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variscan metamorphism and partial melting of sillimanite-bearing metapelites in the High Tatra Mts. constrained by Th–U–Pb dating of monazite","authors":"M. Janák, I. Petrik, P. Konečný, S. Kurylo, Milan Kohút, J. Madaras","doi":"10.31577/geolcarp.73.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geolcarp.73.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Tatra Mountains of the Western Carpathians are a key area for the study of the eastern continuation of the Variscan basement within the Alpine–Carpathian orogenic belt in Central Europe. Metamorphic zonation in the Tatra Mts. displays an inverted metamorphic sequence related to Variscan thrusting and emplacement of gneisses, migmatites and granites over micaschists. Here we present new results of Th–U–Pb dating of monazite in sillimanite-bearing metapelitic gneisses, migmatite and granodiorite from the High Tatra along with petrological interpretation based on thermodynamic modelling. The metapelitic gneisses show the peak metamorphic assemblage garnet + sillimanite + plagioclase + biotite + muscovite + ilmenite + quartz; inclusions of rutile, phengitic muscovite and paragonite in the garnet core indicate an earlier metamorphic stage. Thermodynamic modelling suggests a clockwise, prograde P–T path via staurolite-to-sillimanite sequence reactions from above 6 kbar to ca. 5–6 kbar and 650–700 °C, at mid-crustal levels. Migmatites, with dominant K-feldspar, plagioclase (An12–35) and quartz in the leucosome, underwent partial melting involving biotite dehydration reactions and formation of peritectic, Mn-rich garnet and/or Ti-magnetite at ca. 7–8 kbar and 760–770 °C, during decompression from lower-crustal levels. Monazite composition in metapelitic gneisses differs from that in leucosome of migmatite. The latter shows pronounced Eu-negative anomalies interpreted as the result of co-crystallization with feldspars and higher Y contents indicating higher temperature of crystallization. Monazite ages are identical within 2σ errors and indicate that both metamorphic and melting events occurred in Early Carboniferous, between 350–345 Ma as a consequence of continental collision and crustal thickening in the course of the Variscan orogeny.","PeriodicalId":12545,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Carpathica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44682045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}