Geophysical monograph最新文献

{"title":"Petrologic Testament to Changes in Shallow Magma Storage and Transport During 30+ Years of Recharge and Eruption at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","authors":"C. Thornber, T. Orr, C. Heliker, R. Hoblitt","doi":"10.1002/9781118872079.CH8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118872079.CH8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"21 1","pages":"147-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89745824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Episodic Deflation–Inflation Events at Kīlauea Volcano and Implications for the Shallow Magma System","authors":"K. Anderson, M. Poland, Jessica H. Johnson, A. Miklius","doi":"10.1002/9781118872079.CH11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118872079.CH11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"31 1","pages":"229-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85988624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delicate Balance of Magmatic‐Tectonic Interaction at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, Revealed from Slow Slip Events","authors":"E. Montgomery‐Brown, M. Poland, A. Miklius","doi":"10.1002/9781118872079.CH13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118872079.CH13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"111 1","pages":"269-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80988575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hawaiian Fissure Fountains","authors":"C. Parcheta, S. Fagents, D. Swanson, B. Houghton, Todd Ericksen","doi":"10.1002/9781118872079.CH17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118872079.CH17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"14 1","pages":"369-391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87873165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Near‐Surface Soil Moisture Assimilation Impacts on Modeled Root‐Zone Moisture for an Australian Agricultural Landscape","authors":"R. Pipunic, D. Ryu, J. Walker","doi":"10.1002/9781118872086.CH18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118872086.CH18","url":null,"abstract":"Soil moisture content is an important component of the hydrologic cycle, particularly over vegetation rootzone depths where its variation is linked to the relative fractions of evaporative and sensible heat flux (LE and H) feedbacks to the lower atmosphere, surface runoff, and groundwater recharge [Brutsaert, 2005]. Quantifying these processes across catchments using land surface models (LSMs), therefore, depends on soil moisture state prediction. Improved characterization of root-zone soil moisture quantities has the potential to contribute toward better predictions for a range of hydrological processes — information that will ultimately benefit agricultural and land-use management decisions (e.g., better irrigation scheduling), numerical weather prediction (NWP; e.g., through improved LE and H feedbacks), and emergency management (e.g., improved flood prediction). While an imperfect model structure means that improving certain model variables will not necessarily lead to improvements in predictions of all other model variables [Drusch, 2007], improved root-zone soil moisture can translate to improvement in predictions of other water-balancerelated quantities [Pipunic et al., 2013]. Therefore, the ability to routinely improve root-zone moisture prediction is an important aim, and the impact on other hydrologic variables of interest may contribute to a better understanding of model structural inaccuracies. Inherent LSM uncertainty, resulting from errors in input data (meteorological forcing and parameter information on soil and vegetation properties) and model structural inaccuracies, is the impetus for data assimilation techniques such as the ensemble Kalman filter [EnKF: Evensen, 1994], where observed information is used to sequentially update/correct LSM states through time, based on both modeled and observed error statistics. For routine constraint of root-zone soil moisture prediction across catchments, assimilating relevant remotely sensed data is ideal given their broad spatial coverage at regular repeat intervals. Brightness temperature observations from passive microwave remote sensors have proven particularly suitable for deriving spatial estimates of soil moisture [Kerr et al., 2010; Njoku et al., 2003]. However, these estimates have major limitations, including coarse spatial resolution (>10 km) and shallow sensing depth, which varies depending on a sensor’s spectral frequency and the near-surface moisture conditions but is typically within the top few centimeters of soil at most. Therefore, the impact from assimilating such data products must be able to adequately translate to the model’s deeper layers in order to improve root-zone estimates. A number of studies using synthetic data or in situ field data have shown near-surface moisture assimilation can improve root-zone predictions [e.g., Pipunic et al., 2013; Kumar et al., 2009; Pipunic et al., 2008; Walker et al., 2001; Entekhabi et al., 1994], with some modest improvements to dee","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"75 1","pages":"305-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78651569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermohaline Variability and Mesoscale Dynamics Observed at the Deep‐Ocean Observatory E2M3A in the Southern Adriatic Sea","authors":"M. Bensi, V. Cardin, A. Rubino","doi":"10.1002/9781118847572.CH9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118847572.CH9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"93 1","pages":"139-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81242199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exchange flow through the strait of gibraltar as simulated by a s-coordinate hydrostatic model and a z-coordinate nonhydrostatic model","authors":"G. Sannino, J. C. S. Garrido, L. Liberti, L. Pratt","doi":"10.1002/9781118847572.CH3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118847572.CH3","url":null,"abstract":"The Mediterranean Sea is a semi-enclosed basin displaying an active thermohaline circulation (MTHC) that is sustained by the atmospheric forcing and controlled by the narrow and shallow Strait of Gibraltar (hereinafter SoG). The atmospheric forcing drives the Mediterranean basin toward a negative budget of water and heat. Over the basin, evaporation exceeds the sum of precipitation and river discharge, while a net heat flux is transferred to the overlying atmosphere through the sea surface. These fluxes are balanced by the exchange flow that takes place in Gibraltar. Within the SoG, the MTHC takes the form of a two-way exchange: an upper layer of fresh and relatively warm Atlantic water spreads in the Mediterranean basin, and a lower layer of colder and saltier Mediterranean water sinks as a tongue in the North Atlantic at intermediate depths. The interaction between the intense tidal forcing [Candela et al., 1990] and the complex geometry of the SoG (Figure 3.1a) influences the two-way exchange via hydraulic control [Bryden and Stommel, 1984]. The exchange is subject to vigorous mixing and entrainment [Wesson and Gregg, 1994] as well as intermittent hydraulic controls over the main sills and in its narrowest sections [Sannino et al., 2007; Sannino et al., 2009a]. The simultaneous presence in the SoG of at least two cross sections in which the exchange is controlled drives the strait dynamics toward the so-called maximal regime [Bryden and Stommel, 1984; Armi and Farmer, 1988]. If the exchange is subject to only one hydraulic control, the regime is called submaximal. The two regimes have different implications for property fluxes, response time, and other physical characteristics of the coupled circulation in the SoG and Mediterranean Sea. The maximal regime can be expected to have larger heat, salt, and mass fluxes and to respond more slowly to changes in stratification and thermohaline forcing within the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean [Sannino et al., 2009a]. As first recognized by Bray et al. [1995], the strong entrainment and mixing present in the Strait of Gibraltar lead to the formation of a thick interfacial layer where density and velocity change gradually in the vertical direction. They also argued that the classical two-layer approach used to describe the two-way exchange was insufficient to account for the flow regime in the SoG. They found that a three-layer system, which includes an active interface layer, best represents the exchange through the SoG. The presence of a thick interfacial layer complicates the estimation of the hydraulic state of the flow exchange using the two-layer hydraulic theory. Such difficulty has been recently overcome by Sannino et al. [2007] who analyzed for the fist time the hydraulic regime of the exchange flow applying a three-layer hydraulic theory. Doing so they considered the thick interfacial layer as an active participant of the hydraulic regime. The hydraulic studies conducted by Sann","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"405 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77455332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Evaluation of Ionosphere/Thermosphere (IT) Models","authors":"J. Shim, M. Kuznetsova, L. Rastätter, D. Bilitza, M. Butala, M. Codrescu, B. Emery, B. Foster, T. Fuller‐Rowell, J. Huba, A. Mannucci, X. Pi, A. Ridley, L. Scherliess, R. Schunk, J. Sojka, P. Stephens, D. Thompson, D. Weimer, Lie Zhu, D. Anderson, J. Chau, E. Sutton","doi":"10.1002/9781118704417.CH13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118704417.CH13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"49 1","pages":"145-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72675232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Global Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Model and the Nonhydrostatic Processes","authors":"Y. Deng, A. Ridley","doi":"10.1002/9781118704417.CH8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118704417.CH8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"3 1","pages":"85-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86838584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low‐Latitude Ionosphere and Thermosphere","authors":"C. Stolle, Huixin Liu","doi":"10.1002/9781118704417.CH21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118704417.CH21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"34 1","pages":"259-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79566690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}