Feng Yu, Huanhuan Qi, Li Gao, Sen Luo, Rebecca Njeri Damaris, Yinggen Ke, Wenhua Wu, Pingfang Yang
{"title":"Identifying RNA Modifications by Direct RNA Sequencing Reveals Complexity of Epitranscriptomic Dynamics in Rice","authors":"Feng Yu, Huanhuan Qi, Li Gao, Sen Luo, Rebecca Njeri Damaris, Yinggen Ke, Wenhua Wu, Pingfang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.gpb.2023.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpb.2023.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transcriptome analysis based on high-throughput sequencing of a cDNA library has been widely applied to functional genomic studies. However, the cDNA dependence of most RNA sequencing techniques constrains their ability to detect base modifications on RNA, which is an important element for the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. To comprehensively profile the <em><strong>N</strong></em><sup><strong>6</strong></sup><strong>-methyladenosine</strong> (m<sup>6</sup>A) and <em><strong>N</strong></em><sup><strong>5</strong></sup><strong>-methylcytosine</strong> (m<sup>5</sup>C) modifications on RNA, <strong>direct RNA sequencing</strong> (DRS) using the latest Oxford Nanopore Technology was applied to analyze the transcriptome of six tissues in <strong>rice</strong>. Approximately 94 million reads were generated, with an average length ranging from 619 nt to 1013 nt, and a total of 45,707 transcripts across 34,763 genes were detected. Expression profiles of transcripts at the isoform level were quantified among tissues. Transcriptome-wide mapping of m<sup>6</sup>A and m<sup>5</sup>C demonstrated that both modifications exhibited tissue-specific characteristics. The transcripts with m<sup>6</sup>A modifications tended to be modified by m<sup>5</sup>C, and the transcripts with modifications presented higher expression levels along with shorter poly(A) tails than transcripts without modifications, suggesting the complexity of gene expression regulation. Gene Ontology analysis demonstrated that m<sup>6</sup>A- and m<sup>5</sup>C-modified transcripts were involved in central metabolic pathways related to the life cycle, with modifications on the target genes selected in a tissue-specific manner. Furthermore, most modified sites were located within quantitative trait loci that control important agronomic traits, highlighting the value of cloning functional loci. The results provide new insights into the expression regulation complexity and data resource of the transcriptome and epitranscriptome, improving our understanding of the rice genome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12528,"journal":{"name":"Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 788-804"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10787127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10695747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongsheng Wang , Huihui Wang , Huiyuan Wang , Ruifan Zhou , Ji Wu , Zekun Zhang , Yandong Jin , Tao Li , Markus V. Kohnen , Xuqing Liu , Wentao Wei , Kai Chen , Yubang Gao , Jiazhi Ding , Hangxiao Zhang , Bo Liu , Chentao Lin , Lianfeng Gu
{"title":"Multi-omics of Circular RNAs and Their Responses to Hormones in Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)","authors":"Yongsheng Wang , Huihui Wang , Huiyuan Wang , Ruifan Zhou , Ji Wu , Zekun Zhang , Yandong Jin , Tao Li , Markus V. Kohnen , Xuqing Liu , Wentao Wei , Kai Chen , Yubang Gao , Jiazhi Ding , Hangxiao Zhang , Bo Liu , Chentao Lin , Lianfeng Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.gpb.2023.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpb.2023.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong>Circular RNAs</strong> (circRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs with covalently closed structures, which have important functions in plants. However, their biogenesis, degradation, and function upon treatment with gibberellins (GAs) and auxins (1-naphthaleneacetic acid, NAA) remain unknown. Here, we systematically identified and characterized the expression patterns, evolutionary conservation, genomic features, and internal structures of circRNAs using RNase R-treated libraries from moso bamboo (<strong><em>Phyllostachys edulis</em></strong>) seedlings. Moreover, we investigated the biogenesis of circRNAs dependent on both <em>cis</em>- and <em>trans</em>-regulation. We explored the function of circRNAs, including their roles in regulating microRNA (miRNA)-related genes and modulating the <strong>alternative splicing</strong> of their linear counterparts. Importantly, we developed a customized <strong>degradome</strong> sequencing approach to detect miRNA-mediated cleavage of circRNAs. Finally, we presented a comprehensive view of the participation of circRNAs in the regulation of hormone metabolism upon treatment of bamboo seedlings with GA and NAA. Collectively, our study provides insights into the biogenesis, function, and miRNA-mediated degradation of circRNAs in moso bamboo.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12528,"journal":{"name":"Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 866-885"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10787125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10752211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zidong Liu , Xiaoxu Chen , Pengfei Zhang , Fuyuan Li , Lingkai Zhang , Xueliang Li , Tao Huang , Yi Zheng , Taiyong Yu , Tao Zhang , Wenxian Zeng , Hongzhao Lu , Yinghua Lv
{"title":"Transcriptome-wide Dynamics of m6A mRNA Methylation During Porcine Spermatogenesis","authors":"Zidong Liu , Xiaoxu Chen , Pengfei Zhang , Fuyuan Li , Lingkai Zhang , Xueliang Li , Tao Huang , Yi Zheng , Taiyong Yu , Tao Zhang , Wenxian Zeng , Hongzhao Lu , Yinghua Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.gpb.2021.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpb.2021.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong>Spermatogenesis</strong> is a continual process that occurs in the testes, in which diploid <strong>spermatogonial stem cells</strong> (SSCs) differentiate and generate haploid spermatozoa. This highly efficient and intricate process is orchestrated at multiple levels. <strong><em>N</em><sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine</strong> (m<sup>6</sup>A), an epigenetic modification prevalent in mRNAs, is implicated in the transcriptional regulation during spermatogenesis. However, the dynamics of m<sup>6</sup>A modification in non-rodent mammalian species remains unclear. Here, we systematically investigated the profile and role of m<sup>6</sup>A during spermatogenesis in <strong>pigs</strong>. By analyzing the transcriptomic distribution of m<sup>6</sup>A in spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and round spermatids, we identified a globally conserved m<sup>6</sup>A pattern between porcine and murine genes with spermatogenic function. We found that m<sup>6</sup>A was enriched in a group of genes that specifically encode the metabolic enzymes and regulators. In addition, transcriptomes in porcine male germ cells could be subjected to the m<sup>6</sup>A modification. Our data show that m<sup>6</sup>A plays the regulatory roles during spermatogenesis in pigs, which is similar to that in mice. Illustrations of this point are three genes (<strong><em>SETDB1</em></strong>, <em>FOXO1</em>, and <em>FOXO3</em>) that are crucial to the determination of the fate of SSCs. To the best of our knowledge, this study for the first time uncovers the expression profile and role of m<sup>6</sup>A during spermatogenesis in large animals and provides insights into the intricate transcriptional regulation underlying the lifelong male fertility in non-rodent mammalian species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12528,"journal":{"name":"Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 729-741"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10787014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39435772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bowen Song , Daiyun Huang , Yuxin Zhang , Zhen Wei , Jionglong Su , João Pedro de Magalhães , Daniel J. Rigden , Jia Meng , Kunqi Chen
{"title":"m6A-TSHub: Unveiling the Context-specific m6A Methylation and m6A-affecting Mutations in 23 Human Tissues","authors":"Bowen Song , Daiyun Huang , Yuxin Zhang , Zhen Wei , Jionglong Su , João Pedro de Magalhães , Daniel J. Rigden , Jia Meng , Kunqi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.gpb.2022.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpb.2022.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the most pervasive epigenetic marker present on mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), <strong><em>N</em><sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine</strong> (m<sup>6</sup>A) RNA methylation has been shown to participate in essential biological processes. Recent studies have revealed the distinct patterns of m<sup>6</sup>A methylome across human tissues, and a major challenge remains in elucidating the tissue-specific presence and circuitry of m<sup>6</sup>A methylation. We present here a comprehensive online platform, m6A-TSHub, for unveiling the context-specific m<sup>6</sup>A methylation and genetic mutations that potentially regulate m<sup>6</sup>A epigenetic mark. m6A-TSHub consists of four core components, including (1) m6A-TSDB, a comprehensive database of 184,554 functionally annotated m<sup>6</sup>A sites derived from 23 human tissues and 499,369 m<sup>6</sup>A sites from 25 tumor conditions, respectively; (2) m6A-TSFinder, a web server for high-accuracy prediction of m<sup>6</sup>A methylation sites within a specific tissue from RNA sequences, which was constructed using multi-instance deep neural networks with gated attention; (3) m6A-TSVar, a web server for assessing the impact of genetic variants on tissue-specific m<sup>6</sup>A RNA modifications; and (4) m6A-CAVar, a database of 587,983 The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) <strong>cancer mutations</strong> (derived from 27 cancer types) that were predicted to affect m<sup>6</sup>A modifications in the primary tissue of cancers. The database should make a useful resource for studying the m<sup>6</sup>A methylome and the genetic factors of epitranscriptome disturbance in a specific tissue (or cancer type). m6A-TSHub is accessible at <span><span>www.xjtlu.edu.cn/biologicalsciences/m6ats</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12528,"journal":{"name":"Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 678-694"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10787194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33464009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"N6-methyladenosine and Its Implications in Viruses","authors":"Yafen Wang , Xiang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.gpb.2022.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpb.2022.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>N</em><sup>6</sup>-methyladenine (<strong>m<sup>6</sup>A</strong>) is the most abundant RNA modification in mammalian messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which participates in and regulates many important biological activities, such as tissue development and stem cell differentiation. Due to an improved understanding of m<sup>6</sup>A, researchers have discovered that the biological function of m<sup>6</sup>A can be linked to many stages of mRNA metabolism and that m<sup>6</sup>A can regulate a variety of complex biological processes. In addition to its location on mammalian mRNAs, m<sup>6</sup>A has been identified on viral transcripts. m<sup>6</sup>A also plays important roles in the life cycle of many viruses and in viral replication in host cells. In this review, we briefly introduce the detection methods of m<sup>6</sup>A, the m<sup>6</sup>A-related proteins, and the functions of m<sup>6</sup>A. We also summarize the effects of m<sup>6</sup>A-related proteins on viral replication and infection. We hope that this review provides researchers with some insights for elucidating the complex mechanisms of the epitranscriptome related to viruses, and provides information for further study of the mechanisms of other modified nucleobases acting on processes such as viral replication. We also anticipate that this review can stimulate collaborative research from different fields, such as chemistry, biology, and medicine, and promote the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12528,"journal":{"name":"Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 695-706"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10787122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40603915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yixian Cun , Sanqi An , Haiqing Zheng , Jing Lan , Wenfang Chen , Wanjun Luo , Chengguo Yao , Xincheng Li , Xiang Huang , Xiang Sun , Zehong Wu , Yameng Hu , Ziwen Li , Shuxia Zhang , Geyan Wu , Meisongzhu Yang , Miaoling Tang , Ruyuan Yu , Xinyi Liao , Guicheng Gao , Jun Li
{"title":"Specific Regulation of m6A by SRSF7 Promotes the Progression of Glioblastoma","authors":"Yixian Cun , Sanqi An , Haiqing Zheng , Jing Lan , Wenfang Chen , Wanjun Luo , Chengguo Yao , Xincheng Li , Xiang Huang , Xiang Sun , Zehong Wu , Yameng Hu , Ziwen Li , Shuxia Zhang , Geyan Wu , Meisongzhu Yang , Miaoling Tang , Ruyuan Yu , Xinyi Liao , Guicheng Gao , Jun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gpb.2021.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpb.2021.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong>Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 7</strong> (SRSF7), a known splicing factor, has been revealed to play oncogenic roles in multiple cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying its oncogenic roles have not been well addressed. Here, based on <em>N</em><sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine (<strong>m</strong><sup><strong>6</strong></sup><strong>A</strong>) co-methylation network analysis across diverse cell lines, we find that the gene expression of <em>SRSF7</em> is positively correlated with <strong>glioblastoma</strong> (GBM) cell-specific m<sup>6</sup>A methylation. We then indicate that SRSF7 is a novel m<sup>6</sup>A regulator, which specifically facilitates the m<sup>6</sup>A methylation near its binding sites on the mRNAs involved in cell proliferation and migration, through recruiting the methyltransferase complex. Moreover, SRSF7 promotes the proliferation and migration of GBM cells largely dependent on the presence of the m<sup>6</sup>A methyltransferase. The two m<sup>6</sup>A sites on the mRNA for <strong>PDZ</strong>-<strong>binding kinase</strong> (<em>PBK</em>) are regulated by SRSF7 and partially mediate the effects of SRSF7 in GBM cells through recognition by insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2). Together, our discovery reveals a novel role of SRSF7 in regulating m<sup>6</sup>A and validates the presence and functional importance of temporal- and spatial-specific regulation of m<sup>6</sup>A mediated by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12528,"journal":{"name":"Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 707-728"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10787126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39875095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boyang Shi , Ke An , Yueqin Wang , Yuhan Fei , Caixia Guo , Qiangfeng Cliff Zhang , Yun-Gui Yang , Xin Tian , Quancheng Kan
{"title":"RNA Structural Dynamics Modulate EGFR-TKI Resistance Through Controlling YRDC Translation in NSCLC Cells","authors":"Boyang Shi , Ke An , Yueqin Wang , Yuhan Fei , Caixia Guo , Qiangfeng Cliff Zhang , Yun-Gui Yang , Xin Tian , Quancheng Kan","doi":"10.1016/j.gpb.2022.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpb.2022.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) positively affect the initial control of <strong>non-small cell lung cancer</strong> (NSCLC). Rapidly acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs is a major hurdle in successful treatment. However, the mechanisms that control the resistance of EGFR-TKIs remain largely unknown. <strong>RNA structures</strong> have widespread and crucial functions in many biological regulations; however, the functions of RNA structures in regulating cancer drug resistance remain unclear. Here, the psoralen analysis of RNA interactions and structures (PARIS) method is used to establish the higher-order RNA structure maps of EGFR-TKIs-resistant and -sensitive cells of NSCLC. Our results show that RNA structural regions are enriched in untranslated regions (UTRs) and correlate with translation efficiency (TE). Moreover, <em>yrdC N</em><sup>6</sup><em>-threonylcarbamoyltransferase domain containing</em> (<strong><em>YRDC</em></strong>) promotes resistance to EGFR-TKIs. RNA structure formation in <em>YRDC</em> 3′ UTR suppresses embryonic lethal abnormal vision-like 1 (<strong>ELAVL1</strong>) binding, leading to EGFR-TKI sensitivity by impairing <em>YRDC</em> translation. A potential therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment is provided using antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to perturb the interaction between RNA and protein. Our study reveals an unprecedented mechanism through which the RNA structure switch modulates <strong>EGFR-TKI resistance</strong> by controlling <em>YRDC</em> mRNA translation in an ELAVL1-dependent manner.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12528,"journal":{"name":"Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 850-865"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10787121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40722476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Screening Linear and Circular RNA Transcripts from Stress Granules","authors":"Shuai Chen , Jinyang Zhang , Fangqing Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.gpb.2022.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpb.2022.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong>Stress granules</strong> (SGs) are cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein assemblies formed under stress conditions and are related to various biological processes and human diseases. Previous studies have reported the regulatory role of some proteins and linear RNAs in SG assembly. However, the relationship between <strong>circular RNAs</strong> (circRNAs) and SGs has not been discovered. Here, we screened both linear RNAs and circRNAs in SGs using improved total RNA sequencing of purified SG cores in mammalian cells and identified circular transcripts specifically localized in SGs. circRNAs with higher SG-related RNA-binding protein (RBP) binding abilities are more likely to be enriched in SGs. Furthermore, some SG-enriched circRNAs are differentially expressed in <strong>hepatocellular carcinoma</strong> (HCC) and adjacent tissues. These results suggest the regulatory role of circRNAs in SG formation and provide insights into the biological function of circRNAs and SGs in HCC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12528,"journal":{"name":"Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 886-893"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10787114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39741400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peng Yu , Siting Zhou , Yan Gao , Yu Liang , Wenbing Guo , Dan Ohtan Wang , Shuaiwen Ding , Shuibin Lin , Jinkai Wang , Yixian Cun
{"title":"Dynamic Landscapes of tRNA Transcriptomes and Translatomes in Diverse Mouse Tissues","authors":"Peng Yu , Siting Zhou , Yan Gao , Yu Liang , Wenbing Guo , Dan Ohtan Wang , Shuaiwen Ding , Shuibin Lin , Jinkai Wang , Yixian Cun","doi":"10.1016/j.gpb.2022.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gpb.2022.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although the function of tRNAs in the translational process is well established, it remains controversial whether tRNA abundance is tightly associated with <strong>translational efficiency</strong> (TE) in mammals. Moreover, how critically the expression of tRNAs contributes to the establishment of <strong>tissue-specific</strong> proteomes in mammals has not been well addressed. Here, we measured both <strong>tRNA expression</strong> using demethylase-tRNA sequencing (DM-tRNA-seq) and TE of mRNAs using ribosome-tagging sequencing (RiboTag-seq) in the brain, heart, and testis of mice. Remarkable variation in the expression of tRNA isodecoders was observed among different tissues. When the statistical effect of isodecoder-grouping on reducing variations is considered through permutating the anticodons, we observed an expected reduction in the variation of anticodon expression across all samples, an unexpected smaller variation of anticodon usage bias, and an unexpected larger variation of tRNA isotype expression at amino acid level. Regardless of whether or not they share the same anticodons, the isodecoders encoding the same amino acids are co-expressed across different tissues. Based on the expression of tRNAs and the TE of mRNAs, we find that the tRNA adaptation index (tAI) and TE are significantly correlated in the same tissues but not between tissues; and tRNA expression and the <strong>amino acid composition</strong> of translating peptides are positively correlated in the same tissues but not between tissues. We therefore hypothesize that the tissue-specific expression of tRNAs might be due to post-transcriptional mechanisms. This study provides a resource for tRNA and translation studies, as well as novel insights into the dynamics of tRNAs and their roles in translational regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12528,"journal":{"name":"Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 834-849"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10787195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40601125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}