{"title":"Dimension fitting of wheat spikes in dense 3D point clouds based on the adaptive k-means algorithm with dynamic perspectives","authors":"Fuli Wang, V. Mohan, A. Thompson, Richard Dudley","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor50201.2020.9277611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor50201.2020.9277611","url":null,"abstract":"The use of dense 3D point clouds to obtain agricultural crop dimensions in the place of manual measurement is crucial for enabling high-throughput phenotyping. To achieve this goal, this paper proposes an adaptive k-means algorithm based on dynamic perspectives, which first performs segmentation in order to separate the wheat spikes. We also propose a method to fit the shape of each spike and measures the dimensions of each spike with the help of the Random Sample Consensus algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed method can be applied in a complex environment where multiple wheat spikes are grown densely and that it can fit the size of most wheat spikes accurately.","PeriodicalId":124961,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134637883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reinforcement Learning for Connected Autonomous Vehicle Localization via UAVs","authors":"Enrico Testi, Elia Favarelli, A. Giorgetti","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor50201.2020.9277630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor50201.2020.9277630","url":null,"abstract":"In precision farming, a very promising scenario is represented by a connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) moving in a cultivated field and collecting high-resolution videos and hyperspectral images, requiring both localization and broadband communication. An effective approach to provide both localization and wideband communication exploits unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that may act as relays to ensure seamless connectivity with a base station (BS). In this paper, we propose a reinforcement learning (RL)-based algorithm to find the best spatial configuration of a swarm of UAVs to localize a CAV in an unknown environment and assist the communication with a BS. The UAVs cooperate to estimate the position of the CAV exploiting only the received signal strength (RSS). A reward function, based on the distance between the UAVs and the CAV, and the estimated geometric diluition of precision (GDOP), is designed. Numerical results show how the proposed multi-agent Q-learning allows the UAVs to reach low root mean square error (RMSE) in the target localization, even without previous knowledge about the environment.","PeriodicalId":124961,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133666280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Villani Lorenzo, Castelli Giulio, Sambalino Francesco, A. Oliveira, Lucas Allan, B. Elena
{"title":"Integrating UAV and satellite data to assess the effects of agroforestry on microclimate in Dodoma region, Tanzania","authors":"Villani Lorenzo, Castelli Giulio, Sambalino Francesco, A. Oliveira, Lucas Allan, B. Elena","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor50201.2020.9277643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor50201.2020.9277643","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates the microclimatic effect of trees in agroforestry systems in Dodoma region, Tanzania. A pixel-based analysis of Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Tree Canopy Cover (TCC) was performed on aerial imagery obtained with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and on satellite data. UAV orthomosaic maps and satellite scenes were elaborated with a suite of Geographical Information Systems and the resulting data were statistically analyzed through linear regression, the Kruskall-Wallis test and the Dunn test. Results showed that the TCC of the surveyed areas was 5,1%, and a significant decrease in LST of 1,32 °C (p<0,01) was only found in areas with the highest TCC, during the late dry season. From these preliminary analyses, we suggest that a threshold of 10% TCC should be reached to have an ameliorated microclimate, in terms of temperature, in this agroecological zone. Considering the average plant phenotype characteristic to the area, it corresponds to a tree density of 50 trees per hectare.","PeriodicalId":124961,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124430381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diego Mateos Matilla, Á. L. Murciego, Diego Manuel Jiménez Bravo, André Sales Mendes, Valderi Reis Quietinho Leithardt
{"title":"Low cost center pivot irrigation monitoring systems based on IoT and LoRaWAN technologies","authors":"Diego Mateos Matilla, Á. L. Murciego, Diego Manuel Jiménez Bravo, André Sales Mendes, Valderi Reis Quietinho Leithardt","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor50201.2020.9277548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor50201.2020.9277548","url":null,"abstract":"An increase in the irrigation demand has been projected in Europe, especially in the countries with the highest proportion of irrigated agricultural areas, such as Italy and Spain. This has led to advances in the field of irrigation systems, as center pivot systems which have facilitated the labor of farmers because of their automation. However, the monitoring of these systems together with the early detection of problems in their operation has become a key aspect during a farmer campaign. To answer this need, different solutions have been proposed from the ICT area and the Precision Agriculture field. In this work, the main communication and sensor technologies used for monitoring irrigation with pivots are analyzed. Two low-cost systems based on IoT technologies, GPS and LoRaWAN are proposed for the monitoring of this type of irrigation systems. Finally, the results obtained after its installation in two maize crops are presented and the conclusions obtained after the use of both systems are discussed.","PeriodicalId":124961,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128478796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lorenzo Mistral Peppi, Matteo Zauli, L. Manfrini, P. Traverso, L. Corelli Grappadelli, L. Marchi
{"title":"A Low-Cost and High-Accuracy Non-Invasive System for the Monitoring of Fruit Growth","authors":"Lorenzo Mistral Peppi, Matteo Zauli, L. Manfrini, P. Traverso, L. Corelli Grappadelli, L. Marchi","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor50201.2020.9277571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor50201.2020.9277571","url":null,"abstract":"Measuring fruit growth can be useful not only to estimate its final weight but this information, in conjunction with environmental data and weather forecasts, can be used to estimate the water and nutrients requirement of an orchard.This paper describes the design of a very low cost system capable to measure sub-millimeter changes in the size of a fruit during its entire growth cycle. This solution overcomes any need of relocating the measuring unit, a severe limitation of other existing devices, without compromising the measurement resolution.The proposed solution uses low cost, easily available components, while maintaining the ability to measure changes in size higher than 30 μm and keeping a measuring range between 1.5 and 12 cm.","PeriodicalId":124961,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125291748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Dello Iacono, Adriana Erra, A. Pietrosanto, D. Di Caro, C. Liguori
{"title":"pH strip reader for beer samples based on image analysis","authors":"S. Dello Iacono, Adriana Erra, A. Pietrosanto, D. Di Caro, C. Liguori","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor50201.2020.9277591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor50201.2020.9277591","url":null,"abstract":"The measurement of pH is widely used in a number of sectors and applications to evaluate the alkaline or acidic level of aqueous solutions. Among the measurement methods, pH strips are widespread and affordable, although they have a limited accuracy compared to the pH meters. In this work, a method to evaluate the pH value of a test strip, based on image analysis, is presented. The proposed method exploits the color analysis to simplify the use and to improve the nominal accuracy of the test strips. The tests have taken into account the typical pH range in the production of beer, but the method can be extended on the whole range of pH values.","PeriodicalId":124961,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121198897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[MetroAgriFor 2020 Front cover]","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/metroagrifor50201.2020.9277583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroagrifor50201.2020.9277583","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":124961,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125800773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lerina Aversano, M. Bernardi, Marta Cimitile, Martina Iammarino, Stefano Rondinella
{"title":"Tomato diseases Classification Based on VGG and Transfer Learning","authors":"Lerina Aversano, M. Bernardi, Marta Cimitile, Martina Iammarino, Stefano Rondinella","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor50201.2020.9277626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor50201.2020.9277626","url":null,"abstract":"Information technologies can introduce important innovation in human life and daily activities. Among the most important innovations developed in recent years, those concerning the agriculture are particularly relevant even from an economic point of view.The main advantage is the cross-analysis of environmental, climatic, and cultural factors, which allows establishing the irrigation and nutritional needs of crops, preventing pathologies, identifying weeds before they proliferate.Specifically, the main contribution of this work consists in the use of three convolutional neural networks previously trained on a similar problem, which, starting from an image of a tomato leaf, using a transfer learning method, identify if the plant is sick and the type of disease. The proposed networks show a high precision and accuracy coefficient, demonstrating how the application of convolutional neural networks for this type of problem is very effective.","PeriodicalId":124961,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134209974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Volpi, S. Bosco, D. Guidotti, Michele Mammini, S. Neri, G. Virgili, P. Meriggi, A. Mantino, P. Laville, G. Ragaglini
{"title":"Improving GHG flux monitoring in agricultural soil through the AGRESTIC prototype: a focus on the assessment of data quality","authors":"I. Volpi, S. Bosco, D. Guidotti, Michele Mammini, S. Neri, G. Virgili, P. Meriggi, A. Mantino, P. Laville, G. Ragaglini","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor50201.2020.9277649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor50201.2020.9277649","url":null,"abstract":"Measuring at high frequency soil Àuxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O) in agricultural soils requires appropriate technology. With this aim, a prototype was developed and tested in agricultural soils for 5 months, within the framework of the LIFE project AGRESTIC. The prototype is composed by two automatic GHG stations for measuring CO2 (LI-COR LI-850) and N2O (Teledyne GFC-7002TU) fluxes from soil and an IT infrastructure for data management. The two GHG stations were installed one in Ravenna, Italy, (Cà Bosco farm) and the other in Foggia, Italy, (Caione farm), where two different cropping systems were compared. Along the period going from January 1st to May 31st, 2020 the two GHG stations proved to be robust to field conditions (e.g. wind, rain, freeze etc.). The quality of the measurements was different in the two sites, with more than 90% of good measurements in Ravenna and more than 60% in Foggia.","PeriodicalId":124961,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132530347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caio K. G. Albuquerque, Sergio Polimante, A. Torre-Neto, R. Prati
{"title":"Water spray detection for smart irrigation systems with Mask R-CNN and UAV footage","authors":"Caio K. G. Albuquerque, Sergio Polimante, A. Torre-Neto, R. Prati","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor50201.2020.9277542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor50201.2020.9277542","url":null,"abstract":"While the world’s population rises, demand for food grows accordingly. Smart agriculture emerges as a viable solution to increase the quality and efficiency of crops. Irrigation plays an essential role in the grade and productivity of harvests, while also being a crucial factor in the cost-effectiveness of food production. Smart irrigation uses technology to improve watering, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) applications and Machine Learning algorithms. The correct functioning of irrigation nozzles is critical to ensure that the hydration plan is deployed correctly to the crop field. This paper presents a Machine Learning algorithm that can automatically recognize water from aerial footage of irrigation systems. This automatic recognition can help in the irrigation system inspection, potentially reducing time and cost in system maintenance. Initial results show that it is possible to identify water on image frames captured by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) using the Mask R-CNN Neural Network. The goal is to identify malfunctioning irrigation systems that can lead to under or overwatering, compromising the irrigation plan’s correct implementation.","PeriodicalId":124961,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"177 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133467409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}