Frontiers in Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Triglyceride-glucose index as an independent predictor of mortality in patients with chronic respiratory diseases.","authors":"Hongyu Lu, Jibo Li, Xinlong Liu, Pan Jiang, Yongwen Feng, Changshan Wang, Feng Xu","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1474265","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1474265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The consequences of chronic pulmonary illness are known to exacerbate in individuals with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. However, the relationship between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a reliable alternative biomarker of metabolic dysfunction, and chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are inconclusive.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Our research involved a total of 7,819 adult individuals diagnosed with CRDs who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2001 to 2018. To assess the correlation between the TyG index and survival rates, we employed multivariable weighted Cox regression analysis, smoothing curve fitting, survival curve analysis and subgroup analysis to investigate the relationship.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher TyG index among CRDs shown a substantial positive correlation with all-cause mortality after controlling for relevant confounders. The restricted cubic spline analysis showed a nonlinear relationship between the TyG score and all-cause mortality in CRDs. Patients with higher TyG indexes had a greater risk of all-cause mortality according to Kaplan-Meier survival curves.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The clinical relevance of the TyG index in predicting the life expectancy of individuals with CRDs is highlighted by our research. The TyG index can serve as a substitute biomarker for monitoring the wellbeing of the individuals with CRDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12491,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1474265"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Berberine in the treatment of radiation-induced skin injury: insights from proteomics and network pharmacology.","authors":"Jie Zou, Xia-Juan Xiao, Ping Zhang, Xing-Zi Huang, Jing Wang, Chun-Qin Tao, Xiao-Lan Ou, Gong Chen, Ting-Hao He, Long Yang, Biao Huang, Dao-Jiang Yu, Yu Zhao","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1542851","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1542851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Radiation-induced skin injury (RISI) is a notable complication of cancer radiotherapy, impacting patients' quality of life. Existing interventions mainly address symptoms, with limited success in targeting the fundamental mechanisms. Berberine (BBR), a bioactive compound recognized for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic characteristics, presents a compelling option for treating RISI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The molecular targets of BBR and RISI were identified using Swiss Target Prediction and GeneCards databases. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was then constructed, and core targets were screened with the Cytoscape plug-in. Molecular functions and pathways were analyzed through GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. Proteomic analysis identified differential protein expression following BBR treatment. Molecular docking validated BBR's binding to core targets PRKACA and PIK3CB. Finally, the therapeutic efficacy of BBR was confirmed in irradiated cell and animal models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BBR is pivotal in modulating molecular pathways linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue repair. Protein histology indicates a marked increase in epithelial migration and proliferation markers (KRT14, KRT16) and a decrease in inflammatory markers (IL6ST, TNFRSF10B). Enrichment of pathways like the MAPK cascade and epithelial development highlights BBR's role in skin regeneration. Molecular docking confirms BBR's stable binding to key targets PRKACA and PIK3CB, essential for cell proliferation and inflammation control. Moreover, BBR treatment promoted the proliferation of irradiated cells and accelerated wound healing in irradiated animal models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Berberine demonstrates multi-target therapeutic potential in managing RISI by modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular repair processes. These findings provide a foundation for future clinical studies to optimize its dosage and delivery, aiming to improve treatment outcomes for RISI.</p>","PeriodicalId":12491,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1542851"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric analysis of research trends on the combination of radiotherapy and PARP inhibitors in solid tumors.","authors":"Yuxin Chen, Zhengkun Zhang, Rutie Yin, Qingli Li, Wenhao Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1603573","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1603573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Radiotherapy has served as a cornerstone in cancer treatment for over a century. However, the efficacy of radiotherapy is often compromised by the intrinsic and acquired radioresistance of tumors, which can lead to treatment failure and disease recurrence. Recent advancements in preclinical and clinical research have highlighted the potential synergistic efficacy of combining radiotherapy with poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), offering promising therapeutic avenues for solid tumors. This study employs bibliometric analysis to systematically evaluate the evolution, trends, and intellectual landscape of research on the combination of radiotherapy and PARPi in solid tumors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Publications addressing the combination of radiotherapy and PARPi for solid tumors between 2005 and 2024 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. Bibliometric assessments were conducted using VOSviewer and CiteSpace to analyze publication trends, collaborative networks, and research foci.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 901 articles were included. The United States dominated research output, with the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center identified as the most productive institution. Hannah Farmer emerged as the most frequently cited author. Keywords co-occurrence analysis revealed a thematic shift from foundational studies on molecular mechanisms, such as DNA damage response and mechanism of action of PARPi, toward clinical investigations evaluating combination therapy efficacy and safety in trials.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This bibliometric analysis underscores the rapid growth of research on radiotherapy and PARPi combination therapy, with the United States maintaining a leading role due to its extensive scientific infrastructure and collaborative networks. The field has transitioned from mechanistic explorations to translational and clinical applications, reflecting progress toward therapeutic optimization. These findings provide a comprehensive overview of the knowledge structure within this domain and serve as a strategic reference for guiding future research priorities and clinical implementations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12491,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1603573"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Esmolol improves sepsis outcomes through cardiovascular and immune modulation.","authors":"Da Jing, Li Xiong, Rong Zhang, Hong Fang, Lin Chen","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1498227","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1498227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sepsis poses significant mortality risks. Esmolol, a β1-adrenergic blocker, may improve outcomes through cardiovascular and immune modulation. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Esmolol on survival rates, inflammatory markers, and immune function in sepsis patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective observational study, data from 268 sepsis patients were reviewed, and 125 met the inclusion criteria. These patients were divided into Esmolol and control groups. Data were collected from electronic health records, including survival rates, inflammatory markers (IL-6, PCT), and immune function markers (CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cell counts). Statistical analyses included multivariate regression, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and Generalized Estimating Equations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Esmolol group demonstrated significantly higher survival rates at both 14 days (80% vs. 41.67%, p < 0.01) and 28 days (75.38% vs. 30.00%, p < 0.01) compared to the control group. The median ICU stay was longer in the Esmolol group (12 days vs. 10 days, P = 0.045). Significant reductions in heart rate (P = 0.002), NE levels (P = 0.036), and inflammatory markers were observed in the Esmolol group. Additionally, Esmolol treatment resulted in bidirectional regulation of T-cell counts, increasing CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cell counts in patients with higher baseline immune function and decreasing these counts in patients with lower baseline levels (P < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Esmolol improves survival rates and clinical outcomes in sepsis patients, particularly those with higher baseline immune function. The benefits are attributed to early and prolonged administration of Esmolol, highlighting its potential as a valuable addition to sepsis treatment protocols. Future multicenter trials are needed to confirm these findings and refine the use of β1AR in sepsis management. <b>Clinical Trial Registration:</b> clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT06390748.</p>","PeriodicalId":12491,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1498227"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug stockpiling behavior and its impact on anxiety among the general public in the early stage after the lifting of China's Zero-COVID policy: results from a web-based survey.","authors":"Yu Huang, Shuiyang Xu, Xiang Zhao, Lei Wang, Qiaohong Lv, Suxian Wu, Qingqing Wu, Xuehai Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1524068","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1524068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>On 7 December 2022, China lifted most of the restrictions under the so-called zero-COVID policy due to factors like less toxicity of the new variants of the virus, leading to widespread infections throughout China.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to assess the stockpiling behavior of COVID-19 medicines by the general population in Zhejiang at the early stage after China's zero-COVID policy cancellation and its impact on people's anxiety.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, internet-based survey was conducted to collect information on COVID-19 drug purchasing behavior, sociodemographic characteristics, anxiety levels, etc. Chi-square tests and univariate analyses were used to explore the association between COVID-19 medicines purchasing behavior and sociodemographic characteristics. Multivariate analyses were employed to explore the impact of COVID-19 drug purchasing behavior on anxiety status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 38,480 participants, stockpiling behavior of COVID-19 medicines was reported by 35.74% of them and was most common among participants from Huzhou area, female, those who aged< 20 years, those with postgraduate education level, health workers. A total of 20,986 (54.54%) participants claimed that they were unable to access any COVID-19 medicines, while 3,742 (9.72%) participants felt it unnecessary to stockpile medicines. The majority of the participants (82.3%) experienced anxiety. Multivariate analyses found that compared to those with severe anxiety, those with moderate anxiety were 1.76 times more likely to have stockpiled COVID-19 medicine (aOR 1.76, 95% CI 1.64-1.89); those with mild anxiety were 2.11 times (aOR 2.11, 95% CI 1.98-2.24) more likely to have stockpiled COVID-19 medicine; those with no anxiety were 2.48 times (aOR 2.48, 95% CI 2.31-2.67) more likely to have stockpiled COVID-19 medicine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>At the early stage after China's zero-COVID policy cancellation, drug stockpiling among the public and the subsequent drug shortage was observed. There exists inequity in distribution between regions and among different groups of people. Many people experienced anxiety, especially those without access to COVID-19 medications. Measures for equitable drug distribution and public education on safe self-medication should be taken for future public health events.</p>","PeriodicalId":12491,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1524068"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and application of a UHPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of firmonertinib and its main metabolite AST-5902 in rat plasma: a study on the <i>in vivo</i> drug interaction between firmonertinib and paxlovid.","authors":"Peng-Fei Tang, Su-Su Bao, Wei-Fei Xie, Zhong-Xiang Xiao, Xue-Meng Wu, Hong-Lei Ge","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1570206","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1570206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the potential occurrence of drug interactions, the combined application of firmonertinib and paxlovid carries a relatively high risk. Nevertheless, as of now, there has been no comprehensive research on the interaction between firmonertinib and paxlovid. Our aim was to establish and validate an accurate, stable, rapid and simple UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of firmonertinib and its metabolite AST-5902 in rat plasma, which was applied to the study of the <i>in vivo</i> interaction between firmonertinib and paxlovid. Gefitinib was selected as the internal standard. After protein precipitation of the plasma samples with acetonitrile, the separation was carried out on a Shimadzu LC-20AT UHPLC. The chromatographic column was a Shim-pack Volex PFPP column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm), and the mobile phase was composed of 0.1% formic acid - water and 0.1% formic acid - methanol. Mass spectrometry detection was performed using a Shimadzu 8,040 mass spectrometer in ESI+ and MRM mode. The precision, accuracy, recovery and matrix effect of this method were detected. The linearity of the method and the stability of the samples were assessed. Subsequently, the method was applied to the study of the interaction between firmonertinib and paxlovid. The parent ions and typical fragment ions of firmonertinib, AST-5902 and IS are respectively m/z 569.25 → 72.15, m/z 555.50 → 498.10 and m/z 447.25→ 128.20. The selectivity, specificity, linearity, recovery, matrix effect, accuracy and precision of the method and the stability of the samples were all adequately verified. The results of drug interaction showed that when firmonertinib was combined with paxlovid, the AUC and Cmax of firmonertinib were significantly increased, while the AUC, Tmax, and Cmax of AST-5902 were significantly decreased. The established UHPLC-MS/MS detection method is accurate, stable, rapid and simple. Paxlovid exhibit a significant inhibitory effect on the metabolism of firmonertinib in rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":12491,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1570206"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of <i>Erycibe schmidtii</i> Craib and its potential substitutes based on metabolites and pharmacodynamic effect.","authors":"Ning Li, Chen-Yu Ye, Jing Hu, Tong Qu, Wen-Jing Lu, Xiao-Min Cui, Chao Liang, Zhi-Yong Chen, Hui Ren, Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1510170","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1510170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Erycibe schmidtii</i> Craib (<i>Esc</i>), a traditional treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), faces resource scarcity, leading to the emergence of potential substitutes in the market. Although these potential substitutes have shown properties that alleviate RA-symptoms, their therapeutic equivalence to <i>Esc</i> still requires systematic validation.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to identify suitable potential substitutes for <i>Esc</i> and elucidate their therapeutic mechanisms for RA by conducting comparative analyses of metabolites and pharmacology among these potential substitutes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six botanical samples were analyzed <i>via</i> LC-MS/MS for metabolite profiling and phenolic quantification. Pharmacological comparisons employed LPS-stimulated RAW264.7/MC3T3-E1 and MH7A cell models. Mechanistic studies on macrophage polarization (LPS/IL-4-induced RAW264.7), osteoblast mineralization, and synoviocyte behaviors (proliferation/migration/invasion) were conducted for top candidates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 54 metabolites were identified in the samples by LC-MS/MS. <i>Pse</i> showed the highest metabolite similarity to <i>Esc</i>, and both <i>Pse</i> and <i>Psh.</i>V contained higher levels of phenolic compounds than <i>Esc</i>. Combined with the pharmacodynamic results, <i>Pse</i> was superior <i>Psh.</i>V in anti-RA efficacy and was the only comparable potential substitute. Mechanistically, both <i>Esc</i> and <i>Pse</i>: Modulated M1/M2 macrophage polarization; Enhanced osteogenic markers (Runx2, Osx, Ocn) and mineralization; Inhibited synoviocyte proliferation/migration/invasion via Bcl-2 suppression and Caspase-3 activation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multidimensional analysis confirmed that <i>Pse</i> is the optimal potential substitute for <i>Esc</i>, with high similarity in both metabolites and biological activities between the two. Both botanical medicines can slow the progression of RA by regulating immune responses, stimulating osteoblast differentiation, and inducing synoviocyte apoptosis. This study provides critical evidence for the sustainable utilization of <i>Esc</i> resources and expands treatment options for RA.</p>","PeriodicalId":12491,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1510170"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Diquat on gut health: molecular mechanisms, toxic effects, and protective strategies.","authors":"Cheng He, Guorong Cai, Yingmao Jia, Rong Jiang, Xiaolan Wei, Ning Tao","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1562182","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1562182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diquat is a widely used bipyridyl herbicide that is extensively applied in agricultural production and water management due to its high efficacy in weed control. However, its environmental persistence and the toxic effects it induces have raised widespread concern. Studies show that Diquat primarily enters the body through the digestive tract, leading to poisoning. The core mechanism of its toxicity involves reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress, which not only directly damages the intestinal barrier function but also exacerbates inflammation and systemic toxicity by disrupting the balance of the gut microbiota and the normal production of metabolic products. This review systematically summarizes the physicochemical properties of Diquat, with a focus on analyzing the mechanisms by which it damages the gut tissue structure, barrier function, and microbiota after digestive tract exposure. The aim is to provide theoretical support for a deeper understanding of Diquat's toxic mechanisms and its digestive tract-centered toxic characteristics, laying a scientific foundation for the development of effective interventions and protective strategies against its toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12491,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1562182"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of early enoxaparin prophylactic anticoagulation with ICU mortality in critically ill patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a machine learning-based retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Shan Lin, Jing Zhang, Xin Dang, Qingyuan Zhan","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1588846","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1588846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality, particularly during acute exacerbations that frequently require intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. Considering the hypercoagulability associated with COPD, which intensifies during acute episodes, prophylactic anticoagulation therapy may help reduce ICU mortality. However, this potential has not been explored specifically in this population of patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV, spanning patient records from 2008 to 2019 at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston. This study focused on critically ill patients with COPD, employing feature selection methods, to identify key variables influencing clinical outcomes. The impact of prophylactic enoxaparin on prognosis was assessed using logistic regression models and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis included 4,433 critically ill patients with COPD, of whom 446 received enoxaparin within the first 72 h of ICU admission. The primary analysis showed that patients treated with enoxaparin experienced a 48% lower ICU mortality (odds ratio 0.52 [95% confidence interval 0.31-0.86]) than that of those not treated with enoxaparin, with an E-value of 3.26. This association between enoxaparin use and lower ICU mortality persisted across all subgroups examined. Additionally, a visual analysis of patients with varying Oxford acute severity of illness score (OASIS) indicated that early enoxaparin use was linked to an improved prognosis in critically ill patients with COPD who had higher OASIS than in those without.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early initiation of prophylactic enoxaparin therapy was significantly associated with low ICU mortality in critically ill patients with COPD, especially in high-risk subgroups. These findings support the need for randomized controlled trials to confirm the effectiveness of thromboprophylaxis in this specific patient population and to evaluate the potential bleeding risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12491,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1588846"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An updated review deciphering the anticancer potential of pentacyclic triterpene lupeol and its nanoformulations.","authors":"Lujain A AlMousa, Pratibha Pandey, Sorabh Lakhanpal, Ashish Kumar Kyada, Malathi H, Priya Priyadarshini Nayak, Arif Hussain, Tarique Noorul Hasan, Reham I Alagal, Fahad Khan","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1594901","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1594901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triterpenoids from plants are essential sources of nutraceuticals, which possess numerous positive effects on human health. Lupeol (a pentacyclic dietary triterpenoid) is commonly present in edible fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants. Numerous investigations on the pharmacological properties of lupeol have been carried out in the past 10 years, and the results have shown that the compound has enormous pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Research has shown that lupeol affects the functioning of numerous molecules, including the cytokines IL-2, NFκB, IL4, IL5, cFLIP, ILβ, and Bcl-2. Our review discusses recent advancements in plant lupeol and its underlying mode of action in combating human carcinoma within the timeframe spanning from 2010 to 2024. Also, we have tried to incorporate recent studies reported till date of the finalization of this review. In order to give researchers the most recent information, highlight the limitations of pertinent research at this time, and highlight both the mechanisms of action of lupeol and recent advances in its formulations that should be strengthened in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12491,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1594901"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}