{"title":"Micro-Rhetoric in Dialogic Interaction","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004436794_002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004436794_002","url":null,"abstract":"The piece of discourse in (1.1) is taken from the facebook event page for a birthday party. The person who wrote (1.1) on the wall of the event did so to communicate that she would be busy on the night of the party, but that she might be able to stop by anyway. Many of us might find her communication clear and her reason for possibly being able to stop by quite reasonable. However, if we think of the argumentation in the second part of the example it is not obvious how the discourse coheres:","PeriodicalId":124692,"journal":{"name":"Enthymemes and Topoi in Dialogue","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129636897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rhetorical Reasoning in Dialogue","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004436794_007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004436794_007","url":null,"abstract":"Thus far we have introduced enthymemes and topoi in a gameboard analysis of dialogue, and suggested ways in which to represent the role of rhetorical reasoning in interpretation and production of dialogue. In this chapter we will consider a fewdifferent problems and situations requiring reasoning.The focus is not so much on the updates of the dialogue, but on the topoi and associated enthymemes which can be identified in, or derived from, the discourse. When we interpret an enthymeme we draw on principles of reasoning— topoi—that we have acquired through interaction with others and the world around us. However, many enthymemes are so specific that they require much abstraction to be recognised as belonging to, or being underpinned by, a particular topos. Moreover, sometimes enthymemes in discourse require that we manipulate and/or combine several topoi to reach one that directly warrants the enthymeme. There are also situations where an enthymeme evokes two or more topoi which are incompatible, or which, when applied in a given context, lead to incompatible conclusions. In this chapter we will consider some of these issues. First, we will look at two textbook examples of non-monotonic reasoning, and suggest how these can be framed in a game board model of rhetorical reasoning cast in ttr. Secondly, we will move on to a slightly longer dialogue excerpt, where topoi play a role for coherence and meaning interpretation. Finally, we will consider howwemaymodel the acquisition of topoi based on enthymemes in dialogue. None of these analyses are fully fleshed out, but rather suggestions of strands of research where the notion of rhetorical reasoning might be helpful.","PeriodicalId":124692,"journal":{"name":"Enthymemes and Topoi in Dialogue","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115623382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enthymemes in Dialogue","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004436794_004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004436794_004","url":null,"abstract":"In the previous chapterswe have looked at enthymematic arguments and topoi in the context of pragmatics and interactional linguistics. We have seen that rhetorical reasoning is intimately related to the kind of inferences that are the focus in pragmatics, and that the usage of enthymemes exploits foundational principles of interactional linguistics such as dialogicity and grounding. However, although we have demonstrated the relevance of the enthymeme in interactive linguistics, we have not yet presented a theoretical framework which may be used for precise analyses of enthymematic reasoning. In this chapter we will work our way towards a more detailed account of enthymemes and topoi and the role they play in interaction. First, we will discuss some concepts which are important for the subsequent analysis, and then we will move on to look at some examples. We will take as our point of departure an information state update approach as described by Larsson and Traum (2000) and Larsson (2002), including questions under discussion (qud), as developed by Ginzburg (1994, 1996, 1998), Cooper et al. (2000) and Ginzburg (2012).Wewill look at howwe can account for various types of examples involving enthymemes and topoi. Our analysis will especially focus on the different types of accommodation which are necessary for dialogue participants to be able to draw on rhetorical resources made up of sets of topoi. The formal framework we will use is ttr, a type theory with records Cooper (2005a, 2012, 2016).1 ttr is a rich type theory, which has been successfully employed to account for a range of linguistic phenomena, including ones particular to dialogue (Cooper, 2005b; Ginzburg, 2012; Cooper and Ginzburg, 2015; Lücking, 2016).","PeriodicalId":124692,"journal":{"name":"Enthymemes and Topoi in Dialogue","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124571664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enthymematic Reasoning and Pragmatics","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004436794_003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004436794_003","url":null,"abstract":"There is an obvious connection between on the one hand enthymematic reasoning and topoi, and on the other pragmatic phenomena like implicature, presupposition and different types of discourse relations. In this chapter we will briefly discuss the relation between rhetorical reasoning drawing on topoi and such phenomena. First, in Section 2.2wewill look at presupposition (Strawson, 1950; Stalnaker, 1974; Karttunen, 1974), moving on to Grice’s account of conversational implicature (Grice, 1975) in Section 2.3. In Sections 2.4 and 2.5 we are still concerned with inference, considering the approach to implicature taken in Relevance Theory (Sperber andWilson, 1995), and the anti-inferentialist viewof inference presented in Recanati (2004). In Section 2.6 we will consider sense-making of longer strandsof discourse andhowweassign rhetorical relationsbetween sentences or utterances. Wedonot claim that this account of topics related to enthymemes and topoi is exhaustive. It would probably be possible to fill a bookwith a relevant discussion on the relation between enthymemes and implicature alone. However, we hope that this chapter will give an overview and answer some questions, while also raising many new ones.","PeriodicalId":124692,"journal":{"name":"Enthymemes and Topoi in Dialogue","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131425321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Participating in Enthymematic Dialogue","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004436794_006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004436794_006","url":null,"abstract":"Thus far we have focused on how a theory of enthymemes and topoi contributes to semantic and pragmatic interpretation of dialogue. In this chapter we will focus more on how agents engaged in conversation produce dialogue contributions drawing on topoi which they themselves have access to, as well as other dialogue participants’ capacity to identify enthymemes and underpinning topoi. First, we will consider the link between enthymemes and cognitive load. We will discuss the notion of redundancy in dialogue in the context of Walker’s (1996) research on so called information redundant utterances (irus), and how we perceive these utterances as serving to add new information to a discourse situation by pointing to specific topoi. We will discuss how enthymematic arguments are embedded in conversational games associated with speech act types such as assertion, suggestion, request, etc. We will also consider how we can model the invention of enthymematic arguments, as well as how an enthymematic relation may be accommodated based on accessible topoi.","PeriodicalId":124692,"journal":{"name":"Enthymemes and Topoi in Dialogue","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115677209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysing Enthymematic Dialogue","authors":"Ellen Breitholtz","doi":"10.1163/9789004436794_005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004436794_005","url":null,"abstract":"In the previous chapter we sketched a picture of the role enthymemes and topoi play for dialogue updates. In this chapter we will move on to consider how the dgb is updated. In a dialogue model, situations where enthymematic reasoning occurs are characterised by the sequence of update rules that is required to bring about the progression of the dialogue. In addition to update rules, we also assume an update algorithm that controls in which order rules may be applied. However, we will not go into this in detail, but instead in the rules define the conditions for when an agent is licensed to apply that rule. Wewill look at some examples and analyse them gradually introducing new concepts anddescribing for eachupdate how the relevant features of the gameboard and the necessary update rules work. This way we hope to make clear howwe perceive the various features of the gameboard in terms of types, while elucidating some points regarding the dynamics of enthymemes and topoi in this kind of interaction.","PeriodicalId":124692,"journal":{"name":"Enthymemes and Topoi in Dialogue","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131108487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conclusions and Future Work","authors":"J. Villamayor","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-20327-6_8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20327-6_8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":124692,"journal":{"name":"Enthymemes and Topoi in Dialogue","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117088202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：