T. Fujimoto, T. Oishi, H. Zen, K. Masuda, K. Yoshikawa
{"title":"Intensity Distribution of D-3He Fusion Reaction Rate in an IEC Device","authors":"T. Fujimoto, T. Oishi, H. Zen, K. Masuda, K. Yoshikawa","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2007.4337870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2007.4337870","url":null,"abstract":"An inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion device can produce copious amount of neutrons and protons from D-D and D-3He fusion reactions using D2 and 3He fuels. In IEC researches aiming at drastically enhanced neutron/proton yields, understanding the intensity distribution of fusion reactions is one of the most intensive interests. In order to make clear the spatial distribution of D-3He fusion reaction rate in an IEC device, we analyzed the experimentally observed proton count rates as function of collimation geometry by use of most likelihood-expectation maximization (ML-EM) method. Requirements of the measurement system were studied for reconstructing the D-3He reaction distribution, especially on the feedthrough surface that has been neglected so far, and an upgrade measurement system was developed and introduced in this study. From the experimental results, we found that more than 99 % of the D-3He fusion reactions occur on the cathode and feedthrough surfaces.","PeriodicalId":124369,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE 22nd Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117140205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance Analysis of a Hybrid IGCTs-Mechanical Dc Circuit Breaker for Quench Protection of Superconducting Magnets","authors":"R. Piovan, E. Gaio, L. Novello","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2007.4337931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2007.4337931","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the conceptual design of a hybrid DC circuit breaker for quench protection (QP) of superconducting magnets in fusion experiments is presented. In this applications currents of the order of tens of kilo-ampere have to be sustained in steady state and interrupted in case of quench with reapplied voltage of several kilo-volt. The scheme proposed for the QP is based on a mechanical switch to handle the current in steady state operation paralleled to a static circuit breaker for the current interruption. IGCTs available on the market have been selected to analyse the obtainable performance; the relationship among the current to be interrupted, the IGCT junction temperature rise, the opening time of the mechanical switch and the number of devices in parallel, as well as between the reapplied voltage and the number of devices in series are reported and discussed.","PeriodicalId":124369,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE 22nd Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117245213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Engineered Surfaces for the Lithium Tokamak Experiment (LTX)","authors":"J. S. O'Dell, R. Majeski, J. Timberlake","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2007.4337875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2007.4337875","url":null,"abstract":"Reactor studies have identified liquid lithium walls as a promising solution to magnetic fusion energy (MFE) first wall problems. The difficulty of translating thick (0.1-1 mm) liquid metals into a full-wall solution has led to the pursuit of the \"thin-film\" approach (100-10,000 nm) for near-term applications such as the Lithium Tokamak experiment (LTX). However, thin lithium films can become saturated with hydrogen and form LiH, which is not attractive as a plasma facing component. A \"thick\" lithium film approach would enable hundreds of discharges without the formation of LiH. During this investigation, an engineered surface comprised of a porous refractory metal in which lithium is embedded is being developed to enable the evaluation of a thick lithium film approach for plasma facing components (PFCs). Innovative vacuum plasma spray forming techniques are being used to produce the porous refractory metal surface. Initial resistive heating tests have demonstrated the excellent wetting characteristics of the plasma spray formed porous deposits with liquid lithium. This paper will discuss the development of the engineered surfaces including resistive heating experiments of the porous surfaces with liquid lithium and the status of the effort to coat the full size LTX shell.","PeriodicalId":124369,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE 22nd Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"28 19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127260711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Rose, D. Welch, T. Genoni, R. Clark, A. E. Robson, J. Giuliani, J. Sethian
{"title":"Computational Analysis of the Magnetic Intervention Concept for First Wall Protection from Energetic Ions in a Direct Drive Laser Fusion Chamber","authors":"D. Rose, D. Welch, T. Genoni, R. Clark, A. E. Robson, J. Giuliani, J. Sethian","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2007.4337893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2007.4337893","url":null,"abstract":"Energetic ions are produced in the thermonuclear explosion of a target in a direct drive laser-driven inertial fusion energy systems. These ions will be deposited in the first wall of the chamber, potentially leading to degradation of the surface. The magnetic intervention concept imposes a cusp magnetic field on the chamber, directing the ions to dump regions where their energy can be removed from the system. A computational assessment is carried out to examine the exchange of ion energy with the applied magnetic field and to determine the both the ion energy spectrum of the escaping ions and the dimensions of the escape regions.","PeriodicalId":124369,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE 22nd Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126126542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Neri, L. Bartolini, A. Coletti, M. F. de Collibus, G. Fornetti, S. Lupini, F. Pollastrone, M. Riva, L. Semeraro
{"title":"The In-Vessel 3D Inspection System For ITER","authors":"C. Neri, L. Bartolini, A. Coletti, M. F. de Collibus, G. Fornetti, S. Lupini, F. Pollastrone, M. Riva, L. Semeraro","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2007.4337921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2007.4337921","url":null,"abstract":"A prototype of the laser In Vessel Viewing and inspection System (IVVS) was developed at ENEA laboratories in Frascati. The IVVS probe has been conceived and designed to perform sub-millimetric 3D images inside ITER during the maintenance procedure. An amplitude modulated laser radar and an in-vessel scanning head designed to withstand the severe ITER conditions compose it. The paper describes the system and its general architecture, then the characterization phase is briefly described and the main characteristics of the system are reported relating them to the in vessel components and the foreseen operative conditions. Furthermore, the paper describes the new developments still in progress to increase the overall IWS performance and functionality.","PeriodicalId":124369,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE 22nd Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125500323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Basic research of the solid electrolyte as a sensor for the purity control of the liquid metal LiPb","authors":"I. Atsunori, Y. Yoshihiko, Y. Yasushi, K. Satoshi","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2007.4337868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2007.4337868","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid metal Pb-17Li is expected to be an advanced breeding material of a nuclear fusion reactor blanket. The purpose of this study is to evaluate possibilities of continuous monitoring of the concentration of oxygen and hydrogen in LiPb using solid electrolyte cells. In the experiment g 8 gen partial pressure were evaluated to be 10-47 Pa and 663 MPa, respectively. The results showed a good agreement with the theoretical values obtained by thermodynamic calculation.","PeriodicalId":124369,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE 22nd Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124544788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Song, G. Li, Z. Tang, M. Cheng, J. Jing, Q. Huang, Y. Wu
{"title":"Dose Measurement and Analysis of EAST in the 2007 Spring Experiment","authors":"G. Song, G. Li, Z. Tang, M. Cheng, J. Jing, Q. Huang, Y. Wu","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2007.4337894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2007.4337894","url":null,"abstract":"The radiation generated by EAST in the 2007 spring experiment was mainly photons and a few photoneutrons. In order to measure and analyze the radiation field of the EAST device, 6LiF(Mg,Cu,P) and 7LiF(Mg,Cu,P) thermoluminescence detectors (TLDs) were applied to determine the photon and neutron dose equivalent distributions in the EAST hall, the central control room and the surrounding environment. The measurement results showed that the accumulated doses equivalent and the estimated average dose rates equivalent in the tokamak hall were very high during the whole experiment period and the discharge period, respectively. So any personnel accessing into the hall or staying in the hall during the plasma discharge periods should be prohibited automatically by the safety interlock. The doses equivalent in the central control room and the surrounding environment during the experiment period were just a little higher than the background level, and the dose influence on the staff and the ambient inhabitants was slight except the entrance areas of the EAST hall, where very high photon and neutron doses equivalent appeared. Effective measures should be carried out in the entrance areas as soon as possible to reduce the radiation levels during discharge periods.","PeriodicalId":124369,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE 22nd Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127020475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Parchamy, B. Peterson, H. Hayashi, S. Konoshima, N. Ashikawa
{"title":"Comparison of the Au and Ta Foil Parameters from laser Calibration of Imaging Bolometer Foils","authors":"H. Parchamy, B. Peterson, H. Hayashi, S. Konoshima, N. Ashikawa","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2007.4337918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2007.4337918","url":null,"abstract":"The calibration technique of the imaging bolometer foil gives confidence in the measured values of the plasma radiation power. In this paper we improve the accuracy of the calibration of the imaging bolometer foil by using an IR camera (FLIR/SC500) (60 Hz, 320 x 240 pixels, 7.5-13 mum) in a calibration laboratory (low noise environment) with a close-up lens, which provides a spatial resolution of ~0.09 mm which is ~7 times better than the previous in situ calibration using a different IR camera (Indigo/Omega) (30 Hz, 160 x 120 pixels, 7.5-13.5 mum). In addition the foil material is changed for the development of the imaging bolometer. Tantalum (Ta) is offered for improved sensitivity, foil strength, and lower neutron cross-section compared to the previously used gold foil of the imaging bolometer for the JT-60U tokamak. In this paper we report the local foil properties (the thermal conductivity (constant), and the thickness) of a single graphite-coated gold foil (a nominal thickness of 2.5 mum) for LHD compared with those of a single graphite-coated tantalum foil (a nominal thickness of 5 mum) for JT-60U by calibration with a He-Ne laser.","PeriodicalId":124369,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE 22nd Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124204849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overview and Status of the Divertor Erosion and Vapor shielding eXperiment (DEVeX)","authors":"T. Gray, M.J. Williams, D. Ruzic","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2007.4337925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2007.4337925","url":null,"abstract":"The Divertor Erosion and Vapor shielding experiment (DEVeX) is being constructed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign to study how incident high enthalpy plasma flows interact with target materials representative of plasma facing components (PFCs). DEVeX consists of a conical, theta-pinch used to compress and expel plasmas relevant to fusion disruptions such as edge localized modes (ELMs). Modeling of the plasma compression, via a snow-plow model, shows expected plasma densities of 1021 m-3 with a temperature of approximately 1 keV for a duration of 100 mus. An overview of the design and performance of DEVeX will be presented along with current results.","PeriodicalId":124369,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE 22nd Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123734470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bhatt, L. Lachhvani, J. Govindarajan, D. C. Reddy, S. Pandya, K. Jadeja
{"title":"Limiter Thermography in ADITYA Tokamak","authors":"S. Bhatt, L. Lachhvani, J. Govindarajan, D. C. Reddy, S. Pandya, K. Jadeja","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2007.4337923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2007.4337923","url":null,"abstract":"The main causes of the energy losses in a tokamak are radiation, ion-neutral charge exchange and plasma transport processes. Infrared thermography is carried out on the poloidal limiter of the ADITYA tokamak with an infrared camera. Analysis of these thermographic images can enhance our understanding of plasma-limiter interaction. Surface temperature measurement can give us heat flux falling on limiter and its variation with time. This flux measurement over time can be useful in calculation of power balance and can be compared with total input power. The measured toroidal temperature is, in general, in agreement with that expected for ADITYA shaped limiter tiles. This paper describes the details of thermographic measurement done in the ADITYA tokamak.","PeriodicalId":124369,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE 22nd Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116354074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}