Pro Georgia最新文献

{"title":"AGGLOMERATIONS OF CAUCASIAN JEWS\u0000AND GEORGIAN JEWS IN AZERBAIJAN.\u0000LIFE OF JEWISH COMMUNITIES IN A MUSLIM STATE","authors":"K. Penkowska","doi":"10.32690/1230-1604/pg32/penkowska","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32690/1230-1604/pg32/penkowska","url":null,"abstract":"Caucasian Jews and Georgian Jews are among the many ethnic groups that now\u0000inhabit Azerbaijan. The largest clusters of these communities are in such cities as Baku,\u0000Quba (a suburb of Krasnaya Sloboda) and Oghuz (formerly Vartashen). The uniqueness\u0000of the Jewish community in the Caucasus lies primarily in the specificity of their\u0000culture, traditions and customs, which were influenced by close contacts with individual\u0000Caucasian peoples for many years. This article is an attempt to show the agglomeration\u0000of Caucasian Jews and Georgian Jews in Azerbaijan. On the other hand, it is also\u0000worth noting the process of their assimilation in a Muslim country and the attitude of\u0000the authorities in Azerbaijan to the Jewish community.","PeriodicalId":124291,"journal":{"name":"Pro Georgia","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133144909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LITURGICAL INFLUENCES\u0000IN THE WESTERN PART PAINTINGS\u0000OF TBILISI CHURCHES IN 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES","authors":"Lali Osepashvili","doi":"10.32690/1230-1604/pg32/osepashvili","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32690/1230-1604/pg32/osepashvili","url":null,"abstract":"At end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, several churches\u0000were painted in Tbilisi, but not many of them have survived and I would like to focus\u0000on the scenes in western part of the three churches. These are: The Choir of Mtatsminda\u0000Mama-daviti Church, the paintings of gate of Holy Trinity Church and the western\u0000arm of St Nicholas of Chugureti. In western parts of these churches, artists placed illustrations\u0000of Gospel parables, so these three churches have much in common, they are\u0000influenced by liturgy, depicting scenes: “Pharisee and Publican” and “Firstborn Son”.\u0000The following research is substantial, iconographic schemes in ecclesiastical art\u0000are not randomly selected, and beyond these images both art historian and contemporary\u0000artist must seek basis for what led to selection of given scenes, as well as how they\u0000are interwoven into common idea.\u0000The research problem in this paper is the influence of the liturgy on the paintings\u0000of the churches and the connection of these scenes with other scenes of this church as\u0000well as with other churches of the mentioned period, i.e. showing relationship. Literally\u0000speaking, the illustration of Gospel parables in the western part of the church\u0000seems to be conditioned by the instruction of one who enters it, but in addition to\u0000these two themes, doctrine also has a liturgical content, namely, before Lent begins,\u0000the church celebrates the Sunday of Pentecost; and their presentation serves and presents\u0000purification of man, his spiritual, inner eye. This problem has not been stated by\u0000anyone before, it should also be noted that as I mentioned, there is no uniform opinion\u0000among scholars about paintings of churches of this period and it is less studied, which\u0000once again emphasizes the problematics of issue to be studied. On the one hand, I use\u0000method of iconographic analysis as method of research, which as a whole implies both\u0000theological understanding of forms and the judgment of artistic performance analysis,\u0000as well as comparative method.","PeriodicalId":124291,"journal":{"name":"Pro Georgia","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125470379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOME ISSUES ON NATIONAL IDENTITY\u0000OF GEORGIAN MUSLIMS","authors":"Nadim Varshanidze, Emzar Kakhidze","doi":"10.32690/1230-1604/pg32/varshanidze/kakhidze","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32690/1230-1604/pg32/varshanidze/kakhidze","url":null,"abstract":"The southern region of Georgia, historical Meskheti which according to tradition\u0000was primary converted in Christianity even in the 1st century AD was occupied by Ottomans\u0000since 16th century AD. Only the territories of present Samtskhe-Javakheti and\u0000Ajara, approximatelyone third of ancient Messkheti are parts of modern state of Georgia\u0000being a part of the Russian Empire since 1829 and 1878 in sequence.It is interesting\u0000the different results, which occurred after the entire process. The Muslim inhabitants of\u0000Samtskhe-Javakheti, unlike of Ajarians, could not keep up the national consciousness\u0000and as of today it admits itself like ethnic Turks. There are some important reasons\u0000among which we should emphasize Ottoman ruling traditions and characteristics of\u0000Georgian political and cultural life in the 19th century.\u0000The case is that Samtskhe in the middle ages was the active political player unlike\u0000Ajara. It was one of the initiator of decentralization and because of this significantly\u0000the main victim of Ottoman occupation. In 16th-19th centuries Ottomans established\u0000their governance institutions definitely in this region and islamization, like to administrative\u0000centers in the Balkans, most profoundly is noticed there. On the other hand, in\u0000the 1830s when Samtskhe-Javakheti entered to Russian province inhabited by eastern\u0000Georgians, upper intellectual strata was in the process of formation. The tradition that\u0000prevented Muslims from perception of being Georgians, was still strong. Only later, in\u0000the 1870s Muslim population of Samtskhe-Javakheti were promulgated as Georgians\u0000by the request of Georgian society. It was late though, however such policies justified\u0000in newly joined Ajara.\u0000To say shortly, geographical conditions, faulty infrastructure and advanced ideas\u0000appeared in the second half of the 19th century in Georgia contributed to preservation\u0000of inhabitants of Ajara within the framework of the Georgian national identity.","PeriodicalId":124291,"journal":{"name":"Pro Georgia","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131277234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AUSCHWITZ – THE LAST STATION\u0000OF SAINT GRIGOL PERADZE’S LIFE","authors":"Wojciech Materski","doi":"10.32690/1230-1604/pg32/materski","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32690/1230-1604/pg32/materski","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":124291,"journal":{"name":"Pro Georgia","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125386240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT\u0000OF RUSSIAN OCCUPATION","authors":"N. Loladze, Lavrenti Janiashvili, Natia Jalabadze","doi":"10.32690/1230-1604/pg32/jalabadze/janiashvili/loladze","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32690/1230-1604/pg32/jalabadze/janiashvili/loladze","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of the borderization of the dividing line by the occupation regime in the\u0000former South Ossetian Autonomous Region, 135 settlements ended up on the territory\u0000controlled by Russia; 34 villages under Georgia’s jurisdiction were divided and a single\u0000community was split into two parts. Both Georgian and Ossetian populations on\u0000both sides of the occupation “border” cannot cross freely the occupation line, and their\u0000private and public property has become inaccessible to most of them. The occupation\u0000policy of Russia has led to the disruption of traditional ethno-cultural and economic\u0000ties between Georgians and Ossetians, their isolation and alienation. The current situation\u0000is causing irreversible damage to Georgian-Ossetian relations and is likely to lead\u0000to the transformation of the ethnic and state identity of the population living in the\u0000Russian-controlled part. The consequences of borderization minimize the possibility\u0000of initiating any constructive process at this stage.","PeriodicalId":124291,"journal":{"name":"Pro Georgia","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130433906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REPORT FROM THE SEMINAR OF THE\u0000POLISH-GEORGIAN HISTORIANS’ COMMISSION","authors":"D. Kolbaia","doi":"10.32690/1230-1604/pg32/kolbaia-raport","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32690/1230-1604/pg32/kolbaia-raport","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":124291,"journal":{"name":"Pro Georgia","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115207580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE UKNOWN EPISODES\u0000OF THE LIFE OF GIORGI JURULI\u0000MINISTER OF FINANCE, TRADE AND INDUSTRY\u0000OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA\u0000(1918–1921)","authors":"G. Sosiashvili","doi":"10.32690/1230-1604/pg32/g.sosiashvili","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32690/1230-1604/pg32/g.sosiashvili","url":null,"abstract":"In the current work, based on the document and narrative sources, we have researched\u0000a prominent village, distinguished with its antiquities, located in Patara Liakhvi\u0000Gorge – Arbo’s past, its location, ethnic appearance and political history, material\u0000culture sites and its ecclesiastic sanctities. The adventure of the family in the\u0000mentioned village, that of the member of the government of the First Democratic Republic\u0000of Georgia – Giorgi Juruli. A separate place is designated to the life and activities\u0000of the family of Ilia Makarashvili – a son-in-law of Juruli family, who also resided\u0000in Arbo. Juruli’s and Makarashvili’s played an important role in the development of\u0000the political, cultural and public life of our country. Their family estate located in Arbo\u0000had represented a place for gathering for the Georgian intellectual elite during the end\u0000of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The rich archival materials\u0000helped us to a certain extent to revitalize the activities of these families, who nowadays\u0000are forgotten and younger generation does not know much about them. The descendants\u0000of Juruli’s and Makarashvili’s reside in France and Peru. From our point of view,\u0000the current book will arouse an interest among the members of our society in reference\u0000to the renowned figures and will bring a modest input into bringing the descendants of\u0000the famous families close to their homeland and roots.","PeriodicalId":124291,"journal":{"name":"Pro Georgia","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128125653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE PROBLEM OF THE FORMER IRANIAN\u0000LANDS OF THE SOUTH CAUCASUS FROM\u0000A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE","authors":"Natalia Hrychorczuk","doi":"10.32690/1230-1604/hrychorczuk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32690/1230-1604/hrychorczuk","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the issue of Iranian lands in the South Caucasus – from ancient\u0000times to the fall of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic. The South\u0000Caucasus was shown as one geopolitical entity that was ruled by neighboring powers,\u0000including Iran, Russia, and Turkey over the years. The author proves that relations between\u0000regional countries are deeply rooted in the historical background which causes\u0000different historiographies. Due to the fact historiography is used in politics and territorial\u0000claims, Armenian and Iranian historiographies are opposed to Azerbaijani’s official\u0000narrative. The author’s main goal was to underline the historical context of contemporary\u0000Iranian-Azerbaijani relations as well as the specificity of Iran’s historical contacts\u0000with the countries and peoples of the South Caucasus.","PeriodicalId":124291,"journal":{"name":"Pro Georgia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124336879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HOLY FATHER GREGORY OF KHANTSTA\u0000IN GEORGIAN MANUSCRIPTS","authors":"Ketevan Tatishvili","doi":"10.32690/1230-1604/pg32/tatishvili","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32690/1230-1604/pg32/tatishvili","url":null,"abstract":"The name of Gregory (Grigol) of Khantsta, Holy Father and great figure of the\u0000eighth-ninth centuries, initiator of the monastic life in Tao-Klarjeti, despite his immense\u0000service before the Georgian church and the country, occurs in a small number\u0000of manuscripts. The oldest of these is the Synaxarion of the 11th c., A 97. The liturgical\u0000collections mainly include only the commemoration (in some manuscripts small\u0000hymns are also offered). The text of the Life of Father Gregory has come down to us in\u0000a single manuscript. In the 18th c., when the national-patriotic topics became one of the\u0000leading directions in Georgian ecclesiastical literature, in the redactions of Feast Hymn\u0000Books by Catholicos Anton I, there already appeared a whole Rite (9-Ode Canon with\u0000small hymns). In addition, Anton’s Tsqobilsitqvaoba also includes an Iambic, dedicated\u0000to Gregory of Khantsta, whereas two liturgical collections of the same century\u0000contain two miniatures of the Holy Father. The number of the manuscripts in which\u0000the name of Gregory of Khantsta is mentioned is so insignificant, that it may be noted,\u0000that due to the separation of Tao-Klarjeti from the motherland, Holy Father Gregory\u0000of Khantsta was not duly valued in Georgia, at least until the publication of the Life at\u0000the beginning of the 20th c.","PeriodicalId":124291,"journal":{"name":"Pro Georgia","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124863710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GRIGOL PERADZE\u0000THE DIARY – 26 NOVEMBER 1920‒6 NOVEMBER 1921","authors":"David Koibaia","doi":"10.32690/1230-1604/pg32/kolbaia","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32690/1230-1604/pg32/kolbaia","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":124291,"journal":{"name":"Pro Georgia","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125088719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}