IRPN: Innovation & Agricultural Economics (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Structural Transformation of the Agricultural Sector in Low- and Middle-Income Economies","authors":"K. Deininger, Songqing Jin, M. Ma","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3943950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3943950","url":null,"abstract":"Movement of labor from agriculture to nonagriculture and the associated increase in farm size through structural transformation are at the core of economic development. We conduct a comprehensive review of the literature exploring the causes and consequences of the transformation. We discuss ( a) the size and determinants for the persisting wage gap between agriculture and nonagriculture, ( b) policy-induced barriers to structural changes, ( c) the role of trade costs and technical change in shaping the nature of structural transformation and comparative advantage of regions, and ( d) how the overall development of an economy affects the relationship between farm size and farm productivity and hence changes competitiveness of different scales of farms. We also identify questions for policy and research and the ways in which new sources and interoperability of data can help answer these questions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Resource Economics, Volume 14 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":124141,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Agricultural Economics (Topic)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124518192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unpacking Agripreneurship","authors":"Professor Alain Ndedi, Polycarpe Feussi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2947103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2947103","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout history, the creation of any country’s wealth and economic dynamism depends upon the competitiveness of its organisations and this, in turn, relies fundamentally on the capabilities of its entrepreneurs, who are either owners or corporate. As it is developed in the literature, any individual entrepreneur detects or creates business opportunities that he or she then exploits through small and medium-sized firms. This paper is about farmers who decide to use their entrepreneurial skills to make their organisation viable and sustainable over time. Here comes the concept of agripreneurship which is the combination of agriculture (agri) and entrepreneurship (preneurship). Thus, an agripreneur is an entrepreneur in agriculture, and agripreneurship is the process thereof.The paper unpack this concept of agripreneurship in light with the agriculture of second generation that is transforming the lives of stricken farmers in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":124141,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Agricultural Economics (Topic)","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124816766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential of Farmer Producer Organizations in India","authors":"V. Tagat, A. Tagat","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2972488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2972488","url":null,"abstract":"The Government of India recently announced $34 million for setting up a “Producers Development and Upliftment Corpus (PRODUCE)” under the National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development (NABARD). This article studies the potential role of Farmer Producer Organisations (POs; and more generally, Producer Organisations) in the context of large prevalence of smallholder agriculture in India. We study various POs that have come up over the past years, both, with the support of NABARD, and without, to show how PRODUCE can fill the gaps in the genesis of producer collectives in India. Finally, we offer a brief roadmap for how such funds may be best utilised, along with guidelines for setting up of financially viable POs and promotion of existing ones.","PeriodicalId":124141,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Agricultural Economics (Topic)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114870533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Assessment of Two Managerial Strategies for HLB Resistant Plants in Persian Lime Representative Groves in the Mexican State of Veracruz Under 2012 Scenario","authors":"Elena Vera-Villagrán, Leticia Myriam Sagarnaga Villegas, José María Salas González, Juan Antonio Leos Rodríguez, Francisco Javier Trujillo Arriaga","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2557303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2557303","url":null,"abstract":"This paper's purpose is to assess the economic viability (economic, financial and net cash flow) for two agricultural management strategies to control Huanglongbing (HLB) in Persian Lime Representative Production Units (URP) in the Municipality of Martinez de la Torre. The panel’s technique was used to build four URPs with 26 citrus growers’ collaboration. They gave all the key technical and financial information to calculate production costs, net income, total income and breakeven prices. VRLP3.5 URP was selected to model the two scenario strategies for managing HLB through improved varieties and use of a vaccine. Under the conventional scenario the URP got a positive net income, under financial, net cash flow and economic production costs. The breakeven prices are covered by the selling price in the estimated optimistic, pessimistic and most likely yield scenario. Therefore, the URP will be in business safely, for the short run, and very likely for the long run. The average yields per hectare in diseased citrus are estimated 40% less than the healthy orchards: Planting improved varieties and using the vaccine is able to recover the loss in average yields in about a year according to researchers in IPN. In both managerial strategies for controlling HLB, the increase in costs does not compensate the increase in yields. Net income is just positive applying financial costs. Breakeven prices are not covered at all applying the vaccine against HLB strategy, Therefore, adopting either the improved varieties strategy or the vaccine strategies are uncertain. To encourage the strategies implementation among producers, adopting a foster program with financial assistance for growers to pay the uncovered costs is required. Otherwise, strategies adoption for most of the growers would be unlikely.","PeriodicalId":124141,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Agricultural Economics (Topic)","volume":"247 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132152460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Deming Cycle (PDCA) Concept as an Efficient Tool for Continuous Quality Improvement in the Agribusiness","authors":"M. Dudin, E. Frolova, N. Gryzunova, E. Shuvalova","doi":"10.5539/ASS.V11N1P239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ASS.V11N1P239","url":null,"abstract":"Task statement: This article is an attempt to study the issues of quality management of business processes and production with respect to companies operating in the agricultural sector. The global agribusiness is a special sphere of production, which is aimed at meeting the most important physiological needs of people. Therefore, the quality of the products, and thus the quality of the business processes are crucial for preservation and enhancement of the health of the world's population. The approach of this article is based on the cross-disciplinary concept of quality management with regard to the specifics of the operation and development of agro-industrial companies. Results: the study of theoretical, methodological, and empirical aspects shows that, in recent decades, the dynamics of the global agribusiness has changed significantly, and it is caused by multiple objective factors. At the same time, forecasts say the world food production will fall short of the real need of the world population in this products, so further stimulation of sustainable development of the world's agribusiness can be performed through total quality management as well. For agricultural companies, quality management should be based on the Deming Cycle concept; this approach orients all business processes to implementation of the eight core principles of total quality management. Conclusion / recommendations: materials contained in this article show the special role of the global agribusiness in social and economic processes. The proposed scheme of quality management is recommended for use in the agricultural companies of the complete production cycle. For companies of the non-complete cycle, the scheme can be adapted by eliminating unused links.","PeriodicalId":124141,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Agricultural Economics (Topic)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115529853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory Options for Local Reserve Energy Markets: Implications for Prosumers, Utilities, and Other Stakeholders","authors":"C. Rosen, R. Madlener","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2548515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2548515","url":null,"abstract":"While the share of fluctuating renewable energy resources is constantly increasing, the centralized, hierarchical organization of the current energy system cannot adequately accommodate such decentralized electricity generation. New ideas have been developed for improved integration, especially in the lead market Germany. One of these concepts is the microgrid, a grid within the grid. This paper presents a local reserve energy market, which can facilitate the operation and allow trading within the microgrid. Emphasis is put on the regulatory options and current market framework, mainly from a European and German perspective, which serve as a basis for implementing the local market.","PeriodicalId":124141,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Agricultural Economics (Topic)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115978293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making the Best of New Energy Resources in the United States","authors":"D. Sutherland","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2485083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2485083","url":null,"abstract":"Since around 2007, the country has been enjoying an “energy renaissance” thanks to its abundant stocks of shale oil and gas. The resurgence in oil and gas production is beginning to create discernible economic impacts and has changed the landscape for natural gas prices in the United States, boosting competitiveness. In order to reap the benefits fully, significant investment is needed. Federal and state governments capture some of the resource rents, but there are potential opportunities to increase taxation and use the revenues to support future well-being. Taxing natural resource rents with profit taxes can be less distortionary than other forms of taxation, though only one state uses this form of tax. Production of shale resources, like other forms of resource extraction, poses a number of challenges for the environment. Respecting demands on water resources requires adequate water rights are in place while state and federal regulators need to monitor the environmental impact of hydraulic fracturing closely and strengthen regulations as needed. Natural gas is a potential “bridge fuel” towards a lower carbon economy, helping to reduce emissions by leading to a substitution away from coal. Flanking measures are desirable to counter natural gas hindering renewables and low prices stymieing innovation. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of United States (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/United States). Capital naturel aux Etats-Unis Les Etats-Unis possedent un riche capital naturel. Depuis 2007 environ, le pays connait une « renaissance energetique » grâce a ses abondantes reserves de petrole et de gaz de schiste. Le nouvel essor de la production petroliere et gaziere commence a avoir des effets economiques perceptibles et a change la situation des prix de l’energie aux Etats-Unis, stimulant la competitivite. Pour tirer pleinement parti de cette evolution, il faudra des investissements significatifs. Le gouvernement federal et les Etats devraient capter une partie de la rente des ressources naturelles et mettre ces recettes au service de l’amelioration du bien-etre futur. Alors que la taxation des rentes de ressources via l’impot sur les benefices peut etre moins distorsive que d’autres formes de fiscalite, seul un Etat y a recours. La production de petrole et de gaz de schiste s’accompagne d’un certain nombre de defis environnementaux. Pour respecter les demandes d’utilisation des ressources en eau, il faut veiller a l’existence de droits sur l’eau appropries, et les autorites chargees de la reglementation au niveau federal et a celui des Etats doivent surveiller de pres les repercussions environnementales de la fracturation hydraulique et renforcer la reglementation autant que necessaire. Le gaz naturel peut etre une « energie relais » dans la transition vers une economie sobre en carbone et contribuer a reduire les emissions en entrainant le remplacement du charbon. En l’absence d’une action concertee, il y a toutefois un risq","PeriodicalId":124141,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Agricultural Economics (Topic)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127813718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Инструменты Инновационной Политики: Теория и Практика (Instruments of Innovation Policy: Theory and Practice)","authors":"V. Eremkin, T. Sutyrina","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2391662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2391662","url":null,"abstract":"Russian Abstract: В представленной работе проводится анализ одной из важнейших задач любой инновационной экономики – выработки правильной инновационной политики. Работа предлагает обзор основных инструментов реализации инновационной политики и их систематизацию. Каждый инструмент инновационной политики подвергнут теоретическому анализу и снабжен примерами из международной практики. English Abstract: This study presents an analysis of one of the most important tasks of any innovative economy – innovation policy development. The work provides an overview of the main instruments for implementation of innovation policy and their systematization. Each instrument of innovation policy is subjected to theoretical analysis and examples from an international practice are provided.","PeriodicalId":124141,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Agricultural Economics (Topic)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124930354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural Insurance Products in Nepal: Practice and Prospects","authors":"Rabindra Ghimire, Prashanta Kumar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2374820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2374820","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the paper is to review the existing microinsurance regulatory framework and practices in Nepal and suggest appropriate delivery model of agriculture insurance in the context of Nepal on the basis of existing resources and structure. Furthermore, it discuss on potential agriculture products and opportunities and challenges to implement the agriculture insurance in Nepal. This paper, further gives snapshot of agriculture economy of Nepal and risk associated in agriculture sector. Agriculture is backbone of Nepalese economy. The sector provides employment to almost two third population. Agriculture is becoming subsistence rather than commercial since two third portion of total household have less than 1 hector area of land. The share of agriculture in GDP is almost one third. Most of the farmers are poor and the intensity and severity of poverty is much higher in rural area. The history of Nepalese insurance industry is almost seven decade long but agricultural insurance still has not introduced in massive scale with systematic and organized way. Government agency in cooperation with international donor agency, NGOs, cooperatives and financial institutions have been practicing health, crops, livestock and credit linked life insurance in limited area as a pilot project. These schemes are either mutual or voluntary in nature and they are not regulated by regulatory body. The objective of such insurance is to support the poor and vulnerable community but there is lack of reinsurance back up and these schemes do not follow insurance principles. Agricultural insurance is a complex line of business that requires highly technical expertise from beginning to end of insurance cycle. There are two basic approach of agriculture insurance: activity based approach and institution approach. Activity base approach allows to all commercial and non commercial insurers to sell the agriculture insurance products along with other products. But, separate institution to be established only to sell agricultural insurance products is called institution base approach. In Nepalese context, institutional base approach would be better in different grounds. First, Nepalese commercial insurers have not financial and technical capabilities to cover the large agriculture sector. They have focused their institutional network in cities and semi urban area. Lack of reinsurance support discourages them to enter the agriculture insurance. A separate entity need to establish to provide agricultural insurance nationwide. The entity can establish as joint venture of government and private sector which can be said \"Public Private Partnership Model\". The new mechanism delivers the insurance services in cooperation with government line agencies and institutional agents. Subsidy is essential to marginalized and poor farmers. On behalf of government, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative provides technical expertise, subsidy fund and guidance. Cooperation from international ","PeriodicalId":124141,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Agricultural Economics (Topic)","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124894263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Feasibility of Pipeline and Underground Reservoir Storage Options for Power-to-Gas Load Balancing","authors":"C. Budny, R. Madlener, C. Hilgers","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2623575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2623575","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the economic feasibility of power-to-gas (P2G) systems and gas storage options for both H2 and renewable methane. The study is based on a techno-economic model in which the net present value (NPV) method and Monte Carlo simulation of risks and price forward curves for the electricity and the gas market are used. We study three investment cases: a Base Case where the gas is directly sold in the market, a Storage & Arbitrage Case where temporal arbitrage opportunities between the electricity and the gas market are exploited, and a Storage & Balancing Case where the balancing markets (secondary reserve market for electricity, external balancing market for natural gas) are addressed. The optimal type and size of different centralized and decentralized storage facilities are determined and compared with each other. In a detailed sensitivity and cost analysis, we identify the key factors which could potentially improve the economic viability of the technological concepts assessed. We find that the P2G system used for bridging the balancing markets for power and gas cannot be operated profitably. For both, temporal arbitrage and balancing energy, pipe storage is preferred. Relatively high feed-in tariffs (100 € MW-1 for hydrogen, 130 € MW-1 for methane) are required to render pipe storage for P2G economically viable.","PeriodicalId":124141,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Agricultural Economics (Topic)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122747938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}