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The Constitution of Ancient China最新文献

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Scholar-Officials 葛洪
The Constitution of Ancient China Pub Date : 2018-08-07 DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691171593.003.0005
Su Li
{"title":"Scholar-Officials","authors":"Su Li","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691171593.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691171593.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the evolution and development of the selection system for scholar-officials in ancient China. It also considers how the institution of selection has adjusted in response to the politico-social-cultural conditions of different periods and how it embodies political rationalization. The chapter first explains why ancient China's politico-cultural elites differed in practice from the elite politicians of ancient city-states in the West or modern Western nation-states before discussing how the social consensus for historical China's meritocracy formed. It then explores the problem of creating ancient China's meritocracy, focusing specifically on how, in a large state, an elite can be selected in an institutional way that is fair, accurate, and effective. The chapter goes on to describe the recommendation and examination systems for scholar-officials and concludes with an analysis of the politics of meritocracy as well as the politics beyond meritocracy.","PeriodicalId":122697,"journal":{"name":"The Constitution of Ancient China","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114967920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ancient China’s Cultural Constitution 中国古代文化构成
The Constitution of Ancient China Pub Date : 2018-08-07 DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691171593.003.0004
Su Li
{"title":"Ancient China’s Cultural Constitution","authors":"Su Li","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691171593.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691171593.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the role and significance of a unified script and Mandarin Chinese for the political and cultural formation of ancient China. From the Qin dynasty on, the bureaucracy was staffed by intellectual elites selected from their localities but sharing a unified script system and approximately similar pronunciation. The forms of writing and pronunciation, therefore, became a crucial part of China's “cultural constitution.” The chapter shows how the script and its two aspects, reading and speaking, were unified. It considers the Qin dynasty's unification of the script system, based on the judgment that the standardization of Chinese characters became the basis of China's bureaucratic governance. It also discusses the constitutional significance of a unified speech, how Mandarin Chinese was maintained and spread, and how a unified script integrated the scholar-officials in different geographical locations in a transgenerational cultural community.","PeriodicalId":122697,"journal":{"name":"The Constitution of Ancient China","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129217504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Response to My Critics 对我的批评的回应
The Constitution of Ancient China Pub Date : 2018-08-07 DOI: 10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691171593.003.0010
Su Li
{"title":"Response to My Critics","authors":"Su Li","doi":"10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691171593.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691171593.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, the author responds to four commentators who raised a variety of questions regarding his account of the constitution of ancient China. First, he insists that his research is not intended to be historical but as a theoretical undertaking guided by theories of social science. According to the author, his research belongs to the tradition of empirical social science, although it may lack systematic data or statistical analysis; his primary theoretical interest lies in the historical particularity, rather than universality, of China's ancient constitution. He goes on to discuss the Confucian ideas of civilization, the integrating function of Confucianism, the Neo-Confucian attempt to restore the status of Confucianism as a privileged official doctrine, the formation of historical China's institutions, the concept of constitutionalism, and effective constitution.","PeriodicalId":122697,"journal":{"name":"The Constitution of Ancient China","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123351769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Symbolic and the Functional 象征与功能
The Constitution of Ancient China Pub Date : 2018-08-07 DOI: 10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691171593.003.0007
Liu Han
{"title":"The Symbolic and the Functional","authors":"Liu Han","doi":"10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691171593.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691171593.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, the author comments on Su Li's discussion of the constitution of ancient China. In his account of Chinese constitutional law, Su Li tackles constitutionalism from a historical point of view. While acknowledging Su Li's contributions to urging Chinese legal scholars to rethink the meaning of “constitution,” not as a modern, liberal, normative conception, but in its original, constitutive, descriptive sense, the author argues that Su Li's structural functionalism fails to pay sufficient attention to the problem of legitimation and the dimension of politico-cultural meaning. The author examines the popular ideas about constitutional law and constitutionalism in contemporary China before delving into Su Li's arguments in detail. In particular, he addresses the issue of constitutional continuity and discontinuity as well as legitimacy continuity. He also cites Su Li's claim that the emperor was an indispensable constitutional institution in ancient China.","PeriodicalId":122697,"journal":{"name":"The Constitution of Ancient China","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116444975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Constitution of the Territory and Politics of a Large State 一个大国的领土宪法和政治
The Constitution of Ancient China Pub Date : 2018-08-07 DOI: 10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691171593.003.0003
Su Li
{"title":"The Constitution of the Territory and Politics of a Large State","authors":"Su Li","doi":"10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691171593.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691171593.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the constitution of the territory and politics of a large state. It first discusses the problem posed by a large state before explaining how historical China became a geographically large state. It then describes the feudal system of the Zhou dynasty as an early attempt to build the constitution of a large state. It also explores how the commandery system integrated different localities of the country into an overarching entity, along with the role it played for the political constitution of ancient China. The chapter goes on to analyze the geopolitics underlying China's administrative divisions, focusing on the administration of the frontiers and integration of minority nationality areas. It concludes with an overview of the idea of “bringing peace to the world under heaven” and suggests that the center-periphery relations in historical China were successful from a constitutional point of view.","PeriodicalId":122697,"journal":{"name":"The Constitution of Ancient China","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129092504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Mixed Han-Tang-Song Structure and Its Moral Ideal 汉唐宋混合结构及其道德理想
The Constitution of Ancient China Pub Date : 2018-08-07 DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691171593.003.0006
W. Hui
{"title":"The Mixed Han-Tang-Song Structure and Its Moral Ideal","authors":"W. Hui","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691171593.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691171593.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, the author replies to Su Li's account of the constitution and the political order of ancient China. Su Li proposes an idea of the constitution that is different from the Constitution or constitutional law. According to the author, Su Li has made a methodological turn from constitutional text to effective constitution, which overcomes the conventional approach of legal interpretation that treats Western constitutions as models for the Chinese constitution. The author expresses his reservations regarding Su Li's functionalist approach, noting that the classical constitution of China cannot be reduced to a set of structural-functional relationships appealing to the taste of modern social sciences. The author offers his own approach by citing the evolution of ancient China's cosmology and system of beliefs and knowledge, which he insists are also active forces that shape political life and can help us understand the cultural foundation underlying Chinese institutions.","PeriodicalId":122697,"journal":{"name":"The Constitution of Ancient China","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114864286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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