Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation最新文献

Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation 淡水鱼保育的多物种和流域方法

Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47886/9781934874578.ch1

{"title":"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation","authors":"","doi":"10.47886/9781934874578.ch1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874578.ch1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract.—Traditional approaches to fish conservation have focused on the protection of small habitat patches or on individual species at risk of extinction. These strategies have been important yet largely have been too little and too late for widespread protection of aquatic faunas. Such small-scale and reactive approaches also are costly in terms of recovery programs and aggressive in terms of regulatory controls. Further, the linear nature of streams and the networked configuration of drainage systems suggest that a fundamentally different approach to reserve design and protected areas is necessary for effective conservation of freshwater communities when compared to terrestrial systems. Larger-scale, multispecies approaches to native fish conservation offer a more efficient and effective conservation strategy because entire fish communities and the ecological processes that support maintenance of habitat diversity can be sustained before the status of individual species deteriorates to critical levels. Protecting entire communities and watersheds also offers some resistance to climate change impacts, which rapidly are altering flow regimes and disturbance dynamics in aquatic systems. Identification and protection of high-value aquatic communities will provide an important supplement to current conservation strategies during times of increasing threats and future uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":121705,"journal":{"name":"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129131364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation 淡水鱼保育的多物种和流域方法

Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47886/9781934874578.ch7

{"title":"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation","authors":"","doi":"10.47886/9781934874578.ch7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874578.ch7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract.—Native fish conservation areas (NFCAs) are watersheds where management emphasizes proactive conservation and restoration for long-term persistence of native fish assemblages while allowing for compatible uses. Native fish conservation areas are intended to complement traditional fisheries management approaches that are often reactive to population stressors and focused on single-species conservation efforts rather than complete assemblages. We identified potential NFCAs in the upper Snake River basin above Hells Canyon Dam using a process that ranked all subwatersheds (Hydrologic Unit Code 12) and used empirical data on distribution, abundance, and genetics for three native trout species (Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus, Columbia River Redband Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri, and Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii bouvieri, including the fine-spotted form) and both known occurrences and modeled potential distributions of native nongame fishes. Rankings also incorporated drainage network connectivity and land-protection status (e.g., national park, wilderness). Clusters of high-ranking subwatersheds were identified as potential NFCAs that were then classified according to the presence of nongame fishes identified as species of greatest conservation need in state wildlife action plans. The Pacific Creek and Goose Creek watersheds ranked high in the upper basin (above Shoshone Falls), and Little Jacks Creek and Squaw Creek ranked high in the lower basin. We then contrasted characteristics of a select few potential NFCAs, discuss the practical implementation and benefits of NFCAs for both fishes and other aquatic species in the upper Snake River basin, examined how the NFCA approach could enhance existing conservation partnerships, and discuss how designating select watersheds as NFCAs can create higher public awareness of the value of native fishes and other aquatic species and their habitats.","PeriodicalId":121705,"journal":{"name":"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114985113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation 淡水鱼保育的多物种和流域方法

Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47886/9781934874578.ch23

{"title":"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation","authors":"","doi":"10.47886/9781934874578.ch23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874578.ch23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract.—Most rivers in the American West are highly managed for irrigation and other uses, but they also support popular trout fisheries and other ecologically valuable resources. Traditionally, streamflow to support these resources has been conceptually based on minimum streamflow and natural hydrologic regimes while the prior appropriation doctrine is generally considered an impediment to providing these flows. Successes often occur in situations with substantial federal nexus. However, protective federal laws and policies usually do not apply to popular nonnative trout fisheries or to nonlisted native species. Furthermore, many western trout fisheries and important native fish populations occur in highly altered dam tailwaters and in agricultural landscapes where hydrologic regimes have been more subtly altered by a century of irrigation diversion, seepage, and groundwater return flow. In these cases, traditional ecological and administrative viewpoints can fail to provide appropriate instream flows and may be detrimental to existing fish and wildlife resources. We propose a new paradigm based on the viewpoints that fisheries and related resources can be maintained in regulated hydrologic regimes and in watersheds dominated by private-land agriculture and that prior appropriation can be a pragmatic tool for providing instream flow at times and places where it addresses ecologically limiting factors. Application of this paradigm requires collaboration among irrigators and other water users, agricultural producers, government agencies, and conservation organizations. New strategies for providing ecological streamflow include capitalizing on the difference between physical and “paper” water, providing high-resolution water-supply information to water users and managers, actively managing groundwater and surface water together, and developing market mechanisms to change irrigation practices. We provide examples of these strategies from the Snake River basin and discuss transferability of our approach to other watersheds.","PeriodicalId":121705,"journal":{"name":"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130441987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation 淡水鱼保育的多物种和流域方法

Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47886/9781934874578.ch18

{"title":"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation","authors":"","doi":"10.47886/9781934874578.ch18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874578.ch18","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract.—There are more than 2.4 million stream km found in the southeastern states that intersect nearly 30 different ecoregions before draining into the Atlantic Ocean or Gulf of Mexico. These streams host one of the greatest diversities of aquatic organisms on earth. In fact, southeastern streams contain more at-risk fish and aquatic invertebrate species than any other region in the United States, containing almost two-thirds of the nation’s fish species, more than 90% of the nation’s mussel species, and nearly half of the global diversity in crayfish species. Many of these species are endemic to specific drainages and found nowhere else in the world. This level of diversity and endemism increases the sensitivity of these systems to stressors, thus partially explaining the 2–4% annual declines since 1950s. Major threats to aquatic ecosystems in southeastern U.S. streams can be grouped together into interacting categories: land-use changes, incompatible land management practices, nonnative species invasions, habitat fragmentation, flow modifications, and overallocation of water. The Southeast Aquatic Resources Partnership is working across the geography to quantify the degree of fragmentation from both dams and culverts across the landscape and identify opportunities to reconnect rivers and streams through actionable science and effective partnerships.","PeriodicalId":121705,"journal":{"name":"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128691725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation 淡水鱼保育的多物种和流域方法

Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47886/9781934874578.ch19

{"title":"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation","authors":"","doi":"10.47886/9781934874578.ch19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874578.ch19","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract.—In 2015, the Little Tennessee River basin became the nation’s first native fish conservation area. Watersheds designated as native fish conservation areas are managed for the conservation and restoration of native fish and other aquatic species, allowing compatible uses. The Little Tennessee River basin spans three states (Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee) and features a diversity of aquatic habitats that include high-elevation coldwater trout streams, warmwater rivers, and large human-made reservoirs. Although this basin is home to a biologically diverse aquatic community, streams have been impacted by a host of stressors, including logging, dams, agriculture, industrial pollutants, piscicides, and development. Some streams impacted in the past now offer restoration opportunities, and numerous efforts are underway to restore native fish and mussels to streams in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, on U.S. Forest Service land, on the Qualla Boundary of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, and on private lands. More than 20 organizations, including federal and state agencies, industry, and nongovernmental entities, form the Little Tennessee Native Fish Conservation Partnership. The partnership supports work already underway by partners by providing additional funding, technical and educational resources, and a mechanism for collaboration. Perhaps most importantly, the partnership provides a forum to plan and implement watershed conservation on a landscape scale. Partners developed an online conservation mapper, which houses data, maps threats, identifies focal areas for restoration and protection, and ultimately serves as a conservation plan for the watershed. Current efforts to identify habitat restoration and protection projects are underway.","PeriodicalId":121705,"journal":{"name":"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125126273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation 淡水鱼保育的多物种和流域方法

Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47886/9781934874578.ch16

引用次数: 0

Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation 淡水鱼保育的多物种和流域方法

Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47886/9781934874578.ch6

引用次数: 0

Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation 淡水鱼保育的多物种和流域方法

Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47886/9781934874578.ch25

{"title":"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation","authors":"","doi":"10.47886/9781934874578.ch25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874578.ch25","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract.—A collaborative group of fisheries managers and researchers (Cherry Creek Working Group) took advantage of an 8-m waterfall, 100 km of upstream habitat, and a 3 ha-lake to eradicate nonnative trout and introduce native Westslope Cutthroat Trout (WCT) Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi in Cherry Creek, a tributary to the Madison River. This project was part of a larger, broadscale effort to restore WCT within the Madison River basin. The project was logistically and politically complex and required long-term commitments by state and federal agencies, a private landowner, nongovernmental partners and university researchers. We describe and discuss the social, legal, and logistical challenges that arose during this project and provide our perspective on why this project succeeded in spite of these challenges. Administrative and legal challenges delayed implementation of the project for several years, but all challenges were resolved in favor of the project’s collaborators. Over a 12-year period, nonnative trout occupying the area were eradicated using piscicides, and more than 39,000 WCT eyed eggs and fry were introduced into four geographic areas (phases) that were separated by natural or temporary fish barriers. Population recovery, measured by comparing pre- and post-treatment trout densities and mean sizes, appeared to occur in 3–4 years. We summarize research that documents the effects of piscicides on nontarget species and the expansion of introduced WCT and their progeny to fill all available habitats, along with lessons learned that are helpful to others designing species conservation efforts of similar scale and complexity.","PeriodicalId":121705,"journal":{"name":"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133933202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation 淡水鱼保育的多物种和流域方法

Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47886/9781934874578.ch20

引用次数: 0

Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation 淡水鱼保育的多物种和流域方法

Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47886/9781934874578.ch15

{"title":"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation","authors":"","doi":"10.47886/9781934874578.ch15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874578.ch15","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract.—Caddo Lake, along with its swamps and tributary bayous, supports a diversity of aquatic ecosystems and has been designated a wetland of global significance by the Ramsar Convention. The life blood of Caddo Lake is the network of tributary creeks and bayous that drain into the wetland complex of the lake’s upper reaches. The ecology of the main tributary, Big Cypress Bayou, however, has been altered by flow regulation by Lake O’ the Pines dam. Additional threats from giant salvinia Salvinia molesta and other invasive plants, water quality impacts, and land uses have added stress to the ecosystem. Several conservation organizations, led by the Caddo Lake Institute, have formed partnerships to address these threats to the watershed. The Sustainable Rivers Program, a partnership of The Nature Conservancy and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps), has managed dam operations to enhance the natural ecology of Big Cypress Bayou and Caddo Lake downstream. The Corps has been releasing recommended flows to allow researchers to gather more information to evaluate the success of restoration efforts. Early monitoring results indicate a potential positive response of the fish community to these flow releases. We present results of flow restoration work and associated ecological monitoring. We also summarize floodplain vegetation monitoring, paddlefish restoration and invasive species management projects in Caddo Lake and the Cypress River basin.","PeriodicalId":121705,"journal":{"name":"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114187187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0