Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal最新文献

{"title":"Swimming training for asthma in children and adolescents aged 18 years and under","authors":"Sean Beggs,&nbsp;Yi Chao Foong,&nbsp;Hong Cecilia T Le,&nbsp;Danial Noor,&nbsp;Richard Wood-Baker,&nbsp;Julia AE Walters","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ebch.1935","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Asthma is the most common chronic medical condition in children and a common reason for hospitalisation. Observational studies have suggested that swimming, in particular, is an ideal form of physical activity to improve fitness and decrease the burden of disease in asthma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine the effectiveness and safety of swimming training as an intervention for asthma in children and adolescents aged 18 years and under.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Search methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We searched the Cochrane Airways Group's Specialised Register of trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE , EMBASE, CINAHL, in November 2011, and repeated the search of CENTRAL in July 2012. We also handsearched ongoing Clinical Trials Registers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Selection criteria</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs of children and adolescents comparing swimming training with usual care, a non-physical activity, or physical activity other than swimming.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Data collection and analysis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used standard methods specified in the <i>Cochrane Handbook for Systematic reviews of Interventions</i>. Two review authors used a standard template to independently assess trials for inclusion and extract data on study characteristics, risk of bias elements and outcomes. We contacted trial authors to request data if not published fully. When required, we calculated correlation coefficients from studies with full outcome data to impute standard deviation of changes from baseline.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eight studies involving 262 participants were included in the review. Participants had stable asthma, with severity ranging from mild to severe. All studies were randomised trials, three studies had high withdrawal rates. Participants were between five to 18 years of age, and in seven studies swimming training varied from 30 to 90 minutes, two to three times a week, over six to 12 weeks. The programme in one study gave 30 minutes training six times per week. The comparison was usual care in seven studies and golf in one study. Chlorination status of swimming pool was unknown for four studies. Two studies used non-chlorinated pools, one study used an indoor chlorinated pool and one study used a chlorinated but well-ventilated pool.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No statistically significant effects were seen in studies comparing swimming t","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":"8 5","pages":"1514-1581"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1935","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137539049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypothermia for neuroprotection in children after cardiopulmonary arrest","authors":"Barnaby Scholefield,&nbsp;Heather Duncan,&nbsp;Paul Davies,&nbsp;Fang Gao Smith,&nbsp;Khalid Khan,&nbsp;Gavin D Perkins,&nbsp;Kevin Morris","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ebch.1939","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cardiopulmonary arrest in paediatric patients often results in death or survival with severe brain injury. Therapeutic hypothermia, lowering of the core body temperature to 32 °C to 34 °C, may reduce injury to the brain in the period after the circulation has been restored. This therapy has been effective in neonates with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy and adults after witnessed ventricular fibrillation cardiopulmonary arrest. The effect of therapeutic hypothermia after cardiopulmonary arrest in paediatric patients is unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the clinical effectiveness of therapeutic hypothermia after paediatric cardiopulmonary arrest.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Search methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We searched the Cochrane Anaesthesia Review Group Specialized Register; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (<i>The Cochrane Library</i> 2011, Issue 11); Ovid MEDLINE (1966 to December 2011); Ovid EMBASE (1980 to December 2011); Ovid CINAHL (1982 to December 2011); Ovid BIOSIS (1923 to December 2011); and Web of Science (1945 to December 2011). We searched the trials registry databases for ongoing trials. We also contacted international experts in therapeutic hypothermia and paediatric critical care to locate further published and unpublished studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Selection criteria</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We planned to include randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials comparing therapeutic hypothermia with normothermia or standard care in children, aged 24 hours to 18 years, after paediatric cardiopulmonary arrest.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Data collection and analysis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two authors independently assessed articles for inclusion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found no studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria. We found four on-going randomized controlled trials which may be available for analysis in the future. We excluded 18 non-randomized studies. Of these 18 non-randomized studies, three compared therapeutic hypothermia with standard therapy and demonstrated no difference in mortality or the proportion of children with a good neurological outcome; a narrative report was presented.  </p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Authors' conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on this review, we are unable to make any recommendations for clinical practice. Randomized controlled trials a","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":"8 5","pages":"1584-1613"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1939","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137702792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New directions for EBCH","authors":"Denise Thomson","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1934","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1934","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":"8 5","pages":"1511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1934","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85514332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propofol versus thiopental sodium for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus (Review)","authors":"Hemanshu Prabhakar,&nbsp;Ashish Bindra,&nbsp;Gyaninder Pal Singh,&nbsp;Mani Kalaivani","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1929","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1929","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Failure to respond to antiepileptic drugs in uncontrolled seizure activity such as refractory status epilepticus (RSE) has led to the use of anaesthetic drugs. Coma is induced with anaesthetic drugs to achieve complete control of seizure activity. Thiopental sodium and propofol are popularly used for this purpose. Both agents have been found to be effective. However, there is substantial lack of evidence as to which of the two drugs is better in terms of clinical outcome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare the efficacy, adverse effects, and short- and long-term outcomes of RSE treated with one of the two anaesthetic agents, thiopental sodium or propofol.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Search methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We searched the Cochrane Epilepsy Group Specialized Register (10 May 2012), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL Issue 4 of 12, <i>The Cochrane Library</i> 2012), and MEDLINE (1946 to May week 1, 2012). We also searched (10 May 2012) ClinicalTrials.gov, The South Asian Database of Controlled Clinical Trials, and IndMED (a bibliographic database of Indian Medical Journals).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Selection criteria</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All randomised or quasi-randomised controlled studies (regardless of blinding) of control of RSE using either thiopental sodium or propofol.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Data collection and analysis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two review authors screened the search results and reviewed abstracts of relevant and eligible trials before retrieving the full text publications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One study was available for review. This study was a small, single-blind, multicentre trial studying adults with RSE and receiving either propofol or thiopental sodium for the control of seizure activity (Rossetti 2011). This study showed a wide confidence interval suggesting that the drugs may differ in efficacy up to more than two-fold. There was no evidence of a difference between the drugs with respect to the outcome measures such as control of seizure activity and functional outcome at three months.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Authors' conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is lack of robust and randomised controlled evidence that can clarify the efficacy of propofol and thiopental sodium over each other in the treatment of RSE. There is a need for large, randomised controlled trials fo","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":"8 4","pages":"1488-1508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1929","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31600515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on ‘Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children’","authors":"Jeanette Robertson","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1922","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1922","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Offringa M, Newton R. Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD003031. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003031.pub2.</p>","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":"8 4","pages":"1486-1487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1922","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31600514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children: an overview of systematic reviews of interventions commonly used in developed countries","authors":"Stephen B. Freedman,&nbsp;Samina Ali,&nbsp;Marta Oleszczuk,&nbsp;Serge Gouin,&nbsp;Lisa Hartling","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1932","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1932","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is an extremely common paediatric condition, which results in significant morbidity in children and is a financial burden to the society.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this overview is to critically evaluate the evidence currently available in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) regarding the efficacy and safety of commonly considered treatment options in children with AGE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All Cochrane reviews evaluating the following treatments in children with AGE were eligible for inclusion: oral rehydration therapy, anti-emetics and probiotics. We excluded those focusing on the treatment of antibiotic associated or nosocomial diarrhoea, persistent (chronic) diarrhoea and the prevention of gastroenteritis. We focused on the following outcomes that were selected a priori as clinically important: rate of admission to the hospital; length of stay in hospital; rate of return visits; administration of intravenous (IV) therapy owing to failure of oral rehydration therapy; adverse events and dysnatremia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main results:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children who received oral rehydration therapy had a shorter length of stay in hospital compared with children who received IV therapy [mean difference, MD = −1.20 days (−2.38, −0.02)]; however, the result was no longer significant when an outlying study was removed. Children who received IV therapy were at increased risk of developing phlebitis [risk difference, RD= − 0.02 (−0.04, −0.01)], while paralytic ileus was more common in children receiving ORT [RD = 0.03 (confidence interval, CI 0.01–0.05)]. Children who received oral ondansetron had lower hospital admission rates to the emergency department (ED) and lower rates of IV rehydration during their ED stay compared with children receiving placebo [risk ration, RR = 0.40 (CI 0.19–0.83) and RR = 0.41 (CI 0.29–0.59), respectively]. Children receiving IV ondansetron had lower hospital admission rates to the ED than patients receiving placebo [RR = 0.21 (0.05, 0.93)]. Probiotic use amongst children hospitalized following AGE reduced the mean duration of hospitalization by 1.12 days (CI −1.16, −0.38).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Given that oral rehydration is less invasive than IV rehydration with no evidence of important clinical differences, it is the first choice for rehydration in children with AGE and mild-to-moderate dehydration. As the vast majority of children with AGE do not re","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":"8 4","pages":"1123-1137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1932","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31600566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucocorticoids for the treatment of anaphylaxis","authors":"Karen Jui Lin Choo,&nbsp;F Estelle R Simons,&nbsp;Aziz Sheikh","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1925","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1925","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anaphylaxis is a serious hypersensitivity reaction that is rapid in onset and may result in death. Anaphylaxis guidelines recommend glucocorticoids for the treatment of people experiencing anaphylaxis. </p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We sought to assess the benefits and harms of glucocorticoid treatment during episodes of anaphylaxis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Search methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In our previous version we searched the literature until September 2009. In this version we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (<i>The Cochrane Library</i> 2011, Issue 3), MEDLINE (Ovid) (1956 to September 2011), EMBASE (Ovid) (1982 to September 2011), CINAHL (EBSCOhost) (to September 2011). We also searched the UK National Research Register and websites listing ongoing trials, and contacted international experts in anaphylaxis in an attempt to locate unpublished material.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Selection criteria</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We planned to include randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials comparing glucocorticoids with any control (either placebo, adrenaline (epinephrine), an antihistamine, or any combination of these).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Data collection and analysis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two authors independently assessed articles for inclusion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found no studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Authors' conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We are, based on this review, unable to make any recommendations for the use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of anaphylaxis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Glucocorticoids for the treatment of anaphylaxis  </h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may result in death. It is commonly triggered by a food, insect sting, medication, or natural rubber latex. The reaction typically occurs without warning and can be a frightening experience both for those at risk and their families and friends. Steroids (glucocorticoids) are often recommended for use in the management of people experiencing anaphylaxis. However, the evidence base in support of the use of steroids is unclear. We therefore conducted a systematic review of the literature, searching key databases for high quality published and u","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":"8 4","pages":"1276-1294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1925","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31600570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentaries on ‘Procalcitonin to initiate or discontinue antibiotics in acute respiratory tract infections’ with a response from the review authors","authors":"Vikram Sabhaney,&nbsp;Paul Enarson,&nbsp;Adam D. Irwin,&nbsp;Enitan D. Carrol,&nbsp;Philipp Schuetz,&nbsp;Matthias Briel,&nbsp;Heiner C. Bucher,&nbsp;Beat Mueller,&nbsp;for the Procalcitonin-stewardship study group","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1928","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1928","url":null,"abstract":"<p>These are commentaries on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Schuetz P, Müller B, Christ-Crain M, Stolz D, Tamm M, Bouadma L, Luyt CE, Wolff M, Chastre J, Tubach F, Kristoffersen KB, Burkhardt O, Welte T, Schroeder S, Nobre V, Wei L, Bhatnagar N, Bucher HC, Briel M. Procalcitonin to initiate or discontinue antibiotics in acute respiratory tract infections. <i>Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</i> 2012, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD007498. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007498.pub2.</p>","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":"8 4","pages":"1372-1375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1928","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31600512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interventions for promoting reintegration and reducing harmful behaviour and lifestyles in street-connected children and young people","authors":"Esther Coren,&nbsp;Rosa Hossain,&nbsp;Jordi Pardo Pardo,&nbsp;Mirella MS Veras,&nbsp;Kabita Chakraborty,&nbsp;Holly Harris,&nbsp;Anne J Martin","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1923","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1923","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Numbers of street-connected children and young people run into many millions worldwide and include children and young people who live or work in street environments. Whether or not they remain connected to their families of origin, and despite many strengths and resiliencies, they are vulnerable to a range of risks and are excluded from mainstream social structures and opportunities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To summarise the effectiveness of interventions for street-connected children and young people that promote inclusion and reintegration and reduce harms. To explore the processes of successful intervention and models of change in this area, and to understand how intervention effectiveness may vary in different contexts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Search methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We searched the following bibliographic databases, from inception to 2012, and various relevant non-governmental and organisational websites: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); MEDLINE and PreMEDLINE; EMBASE and EMBASE Classic; CINAHL; PsycINFO; ERIC; Sociological Abstracts; Social Services Abstracts; Social Work Abstracts; Healthstar; LILACS; System for Grey literature in Europe (OpenGrey); ProQuest Dissertations and Theses; EconLit; IDEAS Economics and Finance Research; JOLIS Library Catalog of the holdings of the World Bank Group and IMF Libraries; BLDS (British Library for Development Studies); Google, Google Scholar.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Selection criteria</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The review included data from harm reduction or reintegration promotion intervention studies that used a comparison group study design and were all randomised or quasi-randomised studies. Studies were included if they evaluated interventions aimed to benefit street-connected children and young people, aged 0 to 24 years, in all contexts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Data collection and analysis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Data were extracted on intervention delivery, context, process factors, equity and outcomes. Outcome measures were grouped according to whether they measured psychosocial outcomes, risky sexual behaviours or substance use. A meta-analysis was conducted for some outcomes though it was not possible for all due to differences in measurements between studies. Other outcomes were evaluated narratively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":"8 4","pages":"1140-1272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1923","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31600568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on ‘Glucocorticoids for the treatment of anaphylaxis’","authors":"Alexandra F. Santos,&nbsp;Gideon Lack","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1926","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1926","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in the issue of EBCH, first published as: Choo KJL, Simons FER, Sheikh A. Glucocorticoids for the treatment of anaphylaxis. <i>Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</i> 2012, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD007596. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007596.pub3.</p>","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":"8 4","pages":"1295-1296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1926","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31600571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}