Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal最新文献

{"title":"Cochrane in context: Rifamycins compared to isoniazid for preventing tuberculosis in HIV-negative people at risk of active TB","authors":"Surendra K. Sharma,&nbsp;Tamilarasu Kadhiravan,&nbsp;Prathap Tharyan","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1959","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Cochrane Review: Rifamycins (rifampicin, rifabutin, and rifapentine) compared to isoniazid for preventing tuberculosis in HIV-negative people at risk of active TB</b> Sharma SK, Sharma A, Kadhiravan T, Tharyan P. Rifamycins (rifampicin, rifabutin and rifapentine) compared to isoniazid for preventing tuberculosis in HIV-negative people at risk of active TB. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD007545. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007545.pub2.</p><p>This companion piece to the review, “Rifamycins (rifampicin, rifabutin, and rifapentine) compared to isoniazid for preventing tuberculosis in HIV-negative people at risk of active TB,” contains the following pieces:\u0000\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1959","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32821051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linezolid versus vancomycin for skin and soft tissue infections","authors":"Jirong Yue,&nbsp;Bi Rong Dong,&nbsp;Ming Yang,&nbsp;Xiaomei Chen,&nbsp;Taixiang Wu,&nbsp;Guan J Liu","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1961","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1961","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The morbidity and treatment costs associated with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are high. Linezolid and vancomycin are antibiotics that are commonly used in treating skin and soft-tissue infections, specifically those infections due to methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus (</i>MRSA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare the effects and safety of linezolid and vancomycin for treating people with SSTIs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Search methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In May 2013 we conducted searches of the following databases: Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register; The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (<i>The Cochrane Library</i>); Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid MEDLINE (In-Process &amp; Other Non-Indexed Citations); Ovid EMBASE; and EBSCO CINAHL. We also contacted manufacturers for details of unpublished and ongoing trials. We scrutinised citations within all obtained trials and major review articles to identify any additional trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Selection criteria</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing linezolid with vancomycin in the treatment of SSTIs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Data collection and analysis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two review authors independently selected trials, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. The primary outcomes were clinical cure, microbiological cure, and SSTI-related and treatment-related mortality. We performed subgroup analyses according to age, and whether the infection was due to MRSA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included nine RCTs (3144 participants). Linezolid was associated with a significantly better clinical (RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.16) and microbiological cure rate in adults (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.16). For those infections due to MRSA, linezolid was significantly more effective than vancomycin in clinical (RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.17) and microbiological cure rates (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.32). No RCT reported SSTI-related and treatment-related mortality. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality between linezolid and vancomycin (RR 1.44, 95% CI 0.75 to 2.80). There were fewer incidents of red man syndrome (RR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.29), pruritus (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.75) and rash (RR 0.27, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.58) in the linezolid group compared with vancomycin, however, more people reported thrombocytopenia (RR 13.06, 95% CI 1.72 to 99.22), and nausea","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1961","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32821048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cochrane in context: Linezolid versus vancomycin for skin and soft tissue infections","authors":"Michael Steiner","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1958","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Cochrane Review: Linezolid versus vancomycin for skin and soft tissue infections.</b> Yue J, Dong BR, Yang M, Chen X, Wu T, Liu GJ. Linezolid versus vancomycin for skin and soft tissue infections. <i>Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</i> 2013, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD008056. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008056.pub2.</p><p>This companion piece to the review, “Linezolid versus vancomycin for skin and soft tissue infections,” contains the following pieces:\u0000\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1958","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32821049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children—are they necessary?","authors":"Linda Y. Fu","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1956","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1956","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Eco-paediatrics is an occasional feature in Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal. Our goal is to contribute to the worldwide discussion on reducing waste in health care. In each instalment, we will select a recent Cochrane review highlighting a practice, still in use, which the available evidence tells us should be discontinued.</p>","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1956","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32821045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children","authors":"Vittorio Demicheli,&nbsp;Alessandro Rivetti,&nbsp;Maria Grazia Debalini,&nbsp;Carlo Di Pietrantonj","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ebch.1948","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mumps, measles and rubella (MMR) are serious diseases that can lead to potentially fatal illness, disability and death. However, public debate over the safety of the trivalent MMR vaccine and the resultant drop in vaccination coverage in several countries persists, despite its almost universal use and accepted effectiveness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the effectiveness and adverse effects associated with the MMR vaccine in children up to 15 years of age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Search methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For this update we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (<i>The Cochrane Library</i> 2011, Issue 2), which includes the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group's Specialised Register, PubMed (July 2004 to May week 2, 2011) and Embase.com (July 2004 to May 2011).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Selection criteria</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used comparative prospective or retrospective trials assessing the effects of the MMR vaccine compared to placebo, do nothing or a combination of measles, mumps and rubella antigens on healthy individuals up to 15 years of age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Data collection and analysis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed methodological quality of the included studies. One review author arbitrated in case of disagreement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included five randomised controlled trials (RCTs), one controlled clinical trial (CCT), 27 cohort studies, 17 case-control studies, five time-series trials, one case cross-over trial, two ecological studies, six self controlled case series studies involving in all about 14,700,000 children and assessing effectiveness and safety of MMR vaccine. Based on the available evidence, one MMR vaccine dose is at least 95% effective in preventing clinical measles and 92% effective in preventing secondary cases among household contacts.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Effectiveness of at least one dose of MMR in preventing clinical mumps in children is estimated to be between 69% and 81% for the vaccine prepared with Jeryl Lynn mumps strain and between 70% and 75% for the vaccine containing the Urabe strain. Vaccination with MMR containing the Urabe strain has demonstrated to be 73% effective in preventing secondary mumps cases. Effectiveness of Jeryl Lynn containing MMR in preventing laboratory-confirmed mumps cases in children and adolescents was estimat","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1948","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137946390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An issue full of primarily preventative strategies","authors":"Joan Robinson","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1946","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1946","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1946","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76323708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corticosteroids for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: an overview of Cochrane reviews","authors":"J. Harrold,&nbsp;S. Ali,&nbsp;M. Oleszczuk,&nbsp;T. Lacaze-Masmonteil,&nbsp;L. Hartling","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1955","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1955","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is an important complication associated with considerable morbidity in preterm infants. Corticosteroids in various regimens have been tried out to prevent BPD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine the evidence from Cochrane systematic reviews regarding the effectiveness and associated complications of corticosteroids used to prevent BPD\t in preterm infants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was searched to identify reviews of corticosteroids for BPD in preterm infants. Data were extracted by one investigator, and checked by a second investigator for accuracy. Results are presented as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We considered &lt;8 days as early and &gt;7 days as late administration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six reviews (67 trials and 6535 patients) were included and covered three main comparisons: inhaled corticosteroids versus placebo, inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids and systemic corticosteroids versus placebo. Systemic corticosteroids compared with placebo significantly reduced the incidence of BPD (early: RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.71–0.88; late: RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63–0.82), and BPD or mortality (early: RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.84–0.95; late: RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63–0.82) at 36 weeks post-menstrual age. Similar results were observed for these outcomes assessed at 28 days of life at which time there was additionally a reduction in mortality (late: RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.28–0.85). There was a higher incidence of cerebral palsy associated with systemic corticosteroids compared with placebo when initiated early (RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.06–1.98). No differences in neurodisability based on Bayley Mental or Psychomotor Developmental Index scores were observed for inhaled or systemic corticosteroids compared with placebo. Hypertension was significantly increased in association with systemic corticosteroids versus placebo (early: RR 1.85, 95% CI 1.55–2.22; late: RR 2.66, 95% CI 1.58–4.49) as were gastrointestinal (GI) perforations when treatment was initiated early (RR 1.81, 95% CI 1.33–2.48).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Author's Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Systemic corticosteroids decrease BPD and early mortality in premature infants but have a risk of complications, particularly when initiated in the first week of life. Owing to the wide range of dosing protocols, timing of initiation, doses and duration of therapy in the included reviews, it is difficult to determine, based on the evid","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1955","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85817758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cochrane in context: Parent-mediated early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD)","authors":"Helen McConachie,&nbsp;Inalegwu Oono","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1954","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Cochrane Review: Parent-mediated early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD)</b> Oono IP, Honey EJ, McConachie H. Parent-mediated early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD009774. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009774.pub2</p><p>This companion piece, “Parent-mediated early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD),” contains the following pieces:\u0000\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1954","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87639381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Focus on implementation: Parent-mediated early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD)","authors":"Jacqueline Roberts,&nbsp;Cheryl Dissanayake","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1953","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>The commentaries in this section refer to the review,</b> Oono IP, Honey EJ, McConachie H. Parent-mediated early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD009774. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009774.pub2.</p><p><i>Editor's note: Parents of children with autism often have a complicated life. In some cases, because of their child's behavior, they cannot take them to a restaurant or to a movie, let alone on a vacation. Finding child-care may be impossible. Some children with autism appear to be unhappy much of the time. Most parents would fly to the moon if that would make their child better, but it is our responsibility as clinicians to only assign parents tasks that are likely to benefit their child. In their commentaries, Professors Jacqueline Roberts and Cheryl Dissanayake provide their opinions on the fine art of balancing what we ask parents of autistic children to do</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1953","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84407281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cochrane in context: Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children","authors":"Tea Andabaka,&nbsp;Maria Ximena Rojas-Reyes","doi":"10.1002/ebch.1951","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ebch.1951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Cochrane Review: Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children</b> Andabaka T, Nickerson JW, Rojas-Reyes MX, Rueda JD, Bacic Vrca V, Barsic B. Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD006602. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006602.pub4</p><p>This companion piece to the review, “Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children,” contains the following pieces:\u0000\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":12162,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ebch.1951","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76726844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}