{"title":"Liechtenstein","authors":"Stefan Wenaweser","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198832737.003.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832737.003.0028","url":null,"abstract":"Liechtenstein is the only continental European country to have adopted and codified the common law trust. The Liechtenstein trust (‘Treuhänderschaft’) was codified in 1926 in the Law on Persons and Companies (‘PGR’) with clear inspiration from the English Trustee Act 1925. Some English common law rules have been enacted (eg the equitable rules on tracing (‘Spurfolge’; Art 912 (3) PGR, § 30 TrUG). In 1928 the Law regarding Trust Enterprises (abbreviated as ‘TrUG’) was passed. This law was modelled on the so-called Massachusetts Business Trust and inserted in the PGR as Art 932a and consists of 170 paragraphs.","PeriodicalId":121362,"journal":{"name":"International Trust Disputes, Second Edition","volume":" 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141223426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Guernsey","authors":"E. Gray, Karen Le Cras","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198832737.003.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832737.003.0025","url":null,"abstract":"The Bailiwick of Guernsey is a dependency of the British Crown, with its own government and legal system. The roots of Guernsey law can be traced to the customary laws of Normandy which remain influential in certain areas. However, in modern times the influence of English law has increased and is now dominant, especially in the area of trust and company law.","PeriodicalId":121362,"journal":{"name":"International Trust Disputes, Second Edition","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132577449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Costs","authors":"J. Poole, Joseph de Lacey","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198832737.003.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832737.003.0020","url":null,"abstract":"A trustee has the right to be indemnified from the trust fund for costs and expenses properly incurred in the execution of the trust. It is this right to an indemnity that gives rise to the general principle in contentious situations that a trustee is entitled to his costs of litigation from the trust fund where the costs are properly incurred for the benefit of the trust.","PeriodicalId":121362,"journal":{"name":"International Trust Disputes, Second Edition","volume":"255 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117329238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}