Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics最新文献_第6页

A review of the value of point-of-care testing for community-acquired pneumonia. 回顾社区获得性肺炎护理点检测的价值。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2391027

Andrea Palomeque, Catia Cilloniz, Alba Soler-Comas, Joan Canseco-Ribas, Nona Rovira-Ribalta, Anna Motos, Antoni Torres

{"title":"A review of the value of point-of-care testing for community-acquired pneumonia.","authors":"Andrea Palomeque, Catia Cilloniz, Alba Soler-Comas, Joan Canseco-Ribas, Nona Rovira-Ribalta, Anna Motos, Antoni Torres","doi":"10.1080/14737159.2024.2391027","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737159.2024.2391027","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an infectious disease associated with high mortality worldwide. Although Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most frequent pathogen in CAP, data from recent studies using molecular tests have shown that respiratory viruses play a key role in adults with pneumonia. The impact of difficult-to-treat pathogens on the outcomes of pneumonia is also important even though they represent only a small proportion of overall cases. Despite improvements in the microbiological diagnosis of CAP in recent decades, the identification of the causative pathogen is often delayed because of difficulties in obtaining good-quality sputum samples, issues in transporting samples, and slow laboratory processes. Therefore, the initial treatment of CAP is usually empirical. Point-of-care testing (POCT) was introduced to avoid treatment delays and reduce reliance on empirical antibiotics.Areas covered: This review summarizes the main scientific evidence on the role of POCT in the diagnosis and management of patients with CAP. The authors searched for articles on POCT in pneumonia on PubMed from inception to 20 January 2024. The references in the identified articles were also searched.Expert opinion: POCT involves rapid diagnostic assays that can be performed at the bedside especially in cases of severe CAP and immunocompromised patients. These tests can produce results that could help guide initial therapy and management.","PeriodicalId":12113,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics","volume":" ","pages":"729-742"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An overview of circulating and urinary biomarkers capable of predicting the transition of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease. 能够预测急性肾损伤向慢性肾病转变的循环和尿液生物标志物概述。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2379355

Alexander E Berezin, Tetiana A Berezina, Uta C Hoppe, Michael Lichtenauer, Alexander A Berezin

{"title":"An overview of circulating and urinary biomarkers capable of predicting the transition of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease.","authors":"Alexander E Berezin, Tetiana A Berezina, Uta C Hoppe, Michael Lichtenauer, Alexander A Berezin","doi":"10.1080/14737159.2024.2379355","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737159.2024.2379355","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) defined by a substantial decrease in kidney function within hours to days and is often irreversible with higher risk to chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition.Areas covered: The authors discuss the diagnostic and predictive utilities of serum and urinary biomarkers on AKI and on the risk of AKI-to-CKD progression. The authors focus on the relevant literature covering evidence of circulating and urinary biomarkers' capability to predict the transition of AKI to CKD.Expert opinion: Based on the different modalities of serum and urinary biomarkers, multiple biomarker panel seems to be potentially useful to distinguish between various types of AKI, to detect the severity and the risk of AKI progression, to predict the clinical outcome and evaluate response to the therapy. Serum/urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), serum/urinary uromodulin, serum extracellular high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1), serum cystatin C and urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) were the most effective in the prediction of AKI-to-CKD transition regardless of etiology and the presence of critical state in patients. The current clinical evidence on the risk assessments of AKI progression is mainly based on the utility of combination of functional, injury and stress biomarkers, mainly NGAL, L-FABP, HMGB-1 and cystatin C.","PeriodicalId":12113,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics","volume":" ","pages":"627-647"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141616106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interpreting the results of rapid molecular diagnostic tests for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales infection: current clinical perspective while waiting for further evidence. 解读耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌感染快速分子诊断检测的结果：在等待进一步证据的同时从当前临床角度看问题。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2383851

Daniele Roberto Giacobbe, Vincenzo Di Pilato, Antonio Vena, Anna Marchese, Matteo Bassetti

{"title":"Interpreting the results of rapid molecular diagnostic tests for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales infection: current clinical perspective while waiting for further evidence.","authors":"Daniele Roberto Giacobbe, Vincenzo Di Pilato, Antonio Vena, Anna Marchese, Matteo Bassetti","doi":"10.1080/14737159.2024.2383851","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737159.2024.2383851","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) causing severe infections in humans have represented an important challenge for clinicians worldwide during the past two decades.Areas covered: Novel β-lactams and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations have led to a shift in the first-line approach to the treatment of severe CRE infections from polymyxin-based regimens to treatment with less toxic agents. This new scenario offers the opportunity to apply rapid molecular diagnostic tests for CRE infection to identify different types of carbapenemases. Herein, the authors provide an overview of this subject and follow it with their expert perspectives.Expert opinion: When considering studies actually measuring the clinical impact of rapid molecular tests in real-life scenarios, high certainty evidence from randomized controlled trials is still limited and not focused on CRE infections. Nonetheless, it is indisputable that rapid molecular tests have been shown to impact early therapeutic choices (in terms of both escalation and de-escalation) when used in real-life settings, thus issues in the clinical interpretation of their results are already relevant. Overall, increased expertise is required for the appropriate interpretation of rapid molecular tests for personalized antibiotic selection by understanding their strengths and limitations.","PeriodicalId":12113,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics","volume":" ","pages":"583-590"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141758046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are we closer to robust predictors of recurrent pregnancy loss by means of integrating different types of omics data? 通过整合不同类型的 omics 数据，我们是否更接近于预测复发性妊娠失败？

IF 3.9 3区医学

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2375235

Yiqiu Wei, Zhimin Deng, Tailang Yin

引用次数: 0

[⁶⁸Ga]PSMA-11 for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-positive lesions in men with prostate cancer. [68Ga]PSMA-11用于前列腺癌男性患者前列腺特异性膜抗原（PSMA）阳性病灶的正电子发射断层扫描（PET）成像。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2383439

Jessica Clore, Peter J H Scott

{"title":"[68Ga]PSMA-11 for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-positive lesions in men with prostate cancer.","authors":"Jessica Clore, Peter J H Scott","doi":"10.1080/14737159.2024.2383439","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737159.2024.2383439","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Theranostics targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) represent a new targeted approach for prostate cancer care that combines diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals to diagnose and treat the disease. Positron emission tomography (PET) is the imaging method of choice and several diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals for quantifying PSMA have received FDA approval and are in clinical use. [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 is one such imaging agent and the focus of this article. One beta-emitting radioligand therapy ([177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617) has also received FDA approval for prostate cancer treatment, and several other alpha- and beta-emitting radioligand therapies are in clinical trials.Areas covered: Theranostics targeting PSMA in men with prostate cancer are discussed with a focus on use of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 for imaging PSMA-positive lesions in men with prostate cancer. The review covers [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 manufacture, current regulatory status, comparison of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 to other imaging techniques, clinical updates, and emerging applications of artificial intelligence for [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET.Expert opinion: [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 is used in conjunction with a PET/CT scan to image PSMA positive lesions in men with prostate cancer. It is manufactured by chelating precursor with68Ga, either from a generator or cyclotron, and has regulatory approval around the world. It is widely used clinically in conjunction with radioligand therapies like [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617.","PeriodicalId":12113,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics","volume":" ","pages":"565-582"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141758045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metabolomics for searching validated biomarkers in cancer studies: a decade in review. 在癌症研究中寻找有效生物标记物的代谢组学：十年回顾。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2368603

Ángeles López-López, Ángeles López-Gonzálvez, Coral Barbas

{"title":"Metabolomics for searching validated biomarkers in cancer studies: a decade in review.","authors":"Ángeles López-López, Ángeles López-Gonzálvez, Coral Barbas","doi":"10.1080/14737159.2024.2368603","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737159.2024.2368603","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In the dynamic landscape of modern healthcare, the ability to anticipate and diagnose diseases, particularly in cases where early treatment significantly impacts outcomes, is paramount. Cancer, a complex and heterogeneous disease, underscores the critical importance of early diagnosis for patient survival. The integration of metabolomics information has emerged as a crucial tool, complementing the genotype-phenotype landscape and providing insights into active metabolic mechanisms and disease-induced dysregulated pathways.Areas covered: This review explores a decade of developments in the search for biomarkers validated within the realm of cancer studies. By critically assessing a diverse array of research articles, clinical trials, and studies, this review aims to present an overview of the methodologies employed and the progress achieved in identifying and validating biomarkers in metabolomics results for various cancer types.Expert opinion: Through an exploration of more than 800 studies, this review has allowed to establish a general idea about state-of-art in the search of biomarkers in metabolomics studies involving cancer which include certain level of results validation. The potential for metabolites as diagnostic markers to reach the clinic and make a real difference in patient health is substantial, but challenges remain to be explored.","PeriodicalId":12113,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics","volume":" ","pages":"601-626"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of next-generation sequencing for diagnosis and disease understanding of myeloid malignancies. 下一代测序对诊断和了解骨髓恶性肿瘤疾病的影响。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2383445

Erica Vormittag-Nocito, Madina Sukhanova, Lucy A Godley

{"title":"The impact of next-generation sequencing for diagnosis and disease understanding of myeloid malignancies.","authors":"Erica Vormittag-Nocito, Madina Sukhanova, Lucy A Godley","doi":"10.1080/14737159.2024.2383445","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737159.2024.2383445","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Defining the chromosomal and molecular changes associated with myeloid neoplasms (MNs) optimizes clinical care through improved diagnosis, prognosis, treatment planning, and patient monitoring. This review will concisely describe the techniques used to profile MNs clinically today, with descriptions of challenges and emerging approaches that may soon become standard-of-care.Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss molecular assessment of MNs using non-sequencing techniques, including conventional cytogenetic analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization, chromosomal genomic microarray testing; as well as DNA- or RNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays; and sequential monitoring via digital PCR or measurable residual disease assays. The authors explain why distinguishing somatic from germline alleles is critical for optimal management. Finally, they introduce emerging technologies, such as long-read, whole exome/genome, and single-cell sequencing, which are reserved for research purposes currently but will become clinical tests soon.Expert opinion: The authors describe challenges to the adoption of comprehensive genomic tests for those in resource-constrained environments and for inclusion into clinical trials. In the future, all aspects of patient care will likely be influenced by the adaptation of artificial intelligence and mathematical modeling, fueled by rapid advances in telecommunications.","PeriodicalId":12113,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics","volume":" ","pages":"591-600"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141758047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving the diagnosis of tuberculosis: old and new laboratory tools. 改进结核病诊断：新旧实验室工具。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2362165

Priya Solanki, Linzy Elton, Isobella Honeyborne, Mirae Park, Giovanni Satta, Timothy D McHugh

{"title":"Improving the diagnosis of tuberculosis: old and new laboratory tools.","authors":"Priya Solanki, Linzy Elton, Isobella Honeyborne, Mirae Park, Giovanni Satta, Timothy D McHugh","doi":"10.1080/14737159.2024.2362165","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737159.2024.2362165","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Despite recent advances in diagnostic technologies and new drugs becoming available, tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health burden. If detected early, screened for drug resistance, and fully treated, TB could be easily controlled.Areas covered: Here the authors discuss M. tuberculosis culture methods which are considered the definitive confirmation of M. tuberculosis infection, and limited advances made to build on these core elements of TB laboratory diagnosis. Literature searches showed that molecular techniques provide enhanced speed of turnaround, sensitivity, and richness of data. Sequencing of the whole genome, is becoming well established for identification and inference of drug resistance. PubMed® literature searches were conducted (November 2022-March 2024).Expert opinion: This section highlights future advances in diagnosis and infection control. Prevention of prolonged hospital admissions and rapid TAT are of the most benefit to the overall patient experience. Host transcriptional blood markers have been used in treatment monitoring studies and, with appropriate evaluation, could be rolled out in a diagnostic setting. Additionally, the MBLA is being incorporated into latest clinical trial designs. Whole genome sequencing has enhanced epidemiological evidence. Artificial intelligence, along with machine learning, have the ability to revolutionize TB diagnosis and susceptibility testing within the next decade.","PeriodicalId":12113,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics","volume":" ","pages":"487-496"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141237016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current status of diagnostic assays for emerging zoonotic viruses: Nipah and Hendra. 新出现的人畜共患病病毒的诊断测定现状：尼帕病毒和亨德拉病毒。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2368591

Nancy Sharma, Vijay Lakshmi Jamwal, Sakshi Nagial, Manish Ranjan, Dharitri Rath, Sumit G Gandhi

{"title":"Current status of diagnostic assays for emerging zoonotic viruses: Nipah and Hendra.","authors":"Nancy Sharma, Vijay Lakshmi Jamwal, Sakshi Nagial, Manish Ranjan, Dharitri Rath, Sumit G Gandhi","doi":"10.1080/14737159.2024.2368591","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737159.2024.2368591","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nipah and Hendra viruses belong to the Paramyxoviridae family, which pose a significant threat to human health, with sporadic outbreaks causing severe morbidity and mortality. Early symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, and headache, which offer little in terms of differential diagnosis. There are no specific therapeutics and vaccines for these viruses.Areas covered: This review comprehensively covers a spectrum of diagnostic techniques for Nipah and Hendra virus infections, discussed in conjunction with appropriate type of samples during the progression of infection. Serological assays, reverse transcriptase Real-Time PCR assays, and isothermal amplification assays are discussed in detail, along with a listing of few commercially available detection kits. Patents protecting inventions in Nipah and Hendra virus detection are also covered.Expert opinion: Despite several outbreaks of Nipah and Hendra infections in the past decade, in-depth research into their pathogenesis, Point-of-Care diagnostics, specific therapies, and human vaccines is lacking. A prompt and accurate diagnosis is pivotal for efficient outbreak management, patient treatment, and the adoption of preventative measures. The emergence of rapid point-of-care tests holds promise in enhancing diagnostic capabilities in real-world settings. The patent landscape emphasizes the importance of innovation and collaboration within the legal and business realms.","PeriodicalId":12113,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics","volume":" ","pages":"473-485"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141456131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of fecal biomarkers in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease. 粪便生物标志物在炎症性肠病患者中的作用。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2375224

Teagan S Edwards, Andrew S Day

{"title":"The role of fecal biomarkers in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease.","authors":"Teagan S Edwards, Andrew S Day","doi":"10.1080/14737159.2024.2375224","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737159.2024.2375224","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), is a relapsing and remitting condition. Noninvasive biomarkers have an increasingly important role in the diagnosis of IBD and in the prediction of future disease course in individuals with IBD. Strategies for the management of IBD increasingly rely upon close monitoring of gastrointestinal inflammation.Areas covered: This review provides an update on the current understanding of established and novel stool-based biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of IBD. It also highlights key gaps, identifies limitations, and advantages of current markers, and examines aspects that require further study and analysis.Expert opinion: Current noninvasive inflammatory markers play an important role in the diagnosis and management of IBD; however, limitations exist. Future work is required to further characterize and validate current and novel markers of inflammation. In addition, it is essential to better understand the roles and characteristics of noninvasive markers to enable the appropriate selection to accurately determine the condition of the intestinal mucosa.","PeriodicalId":12113,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics","volume":" ","pages":"497-508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141590038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0