Experimental and clinical endocrinology最新文献_第2页

Meeting of the Section Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Bone Metabolism of the DGE. Hannover, October 30-November 1, 1994. Abstracts. 钙调节激素与骨代谢分会会议。汉诺威，1994年10月30日至11月1日。摘要。

Experimental and clinical endocrinology Pub Date : 1994-01-01

引用次数: 0

Transgenic animals in male reproduction research. 转基因动物在雄性生殖研究中的应用。

Experimental and clinical endocrinology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1211314

M Simoni

{"title":"Transgenic animals in male reproduction research.","authors":"M Simoni","doi":"10.1055/s-0029-1211314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1211314","url":null,"abstract":"Although transgenic mouse technology has already been widely used for the study of gene function and regulation in many areas of biomedicine, it has been applied only sporadically to the investigation of testicular function. Nevertheless, the contribution of this experimental approach to the understanding of male reproduction is considerable, not least because of the frequency of infertility in transgenic mice. Transgenic mice can be produced by microinjection of DNA constructs in the male pronucleus of fertilized eggs that are then retransferred into the oviducts of pseudopregnant females and allowed to develop to term. A proportion of the offspring have the foreign DNA sequences permamently integrated into the genome and thus become transgenic. In this way it is possible to obtain either the over-expression of genes, which can be targeted to the testis using testis-specific promoters, or to effect interruption of the functional integrity of genes by insertional mutagenesis. The regulation of gene expression in vivo can be studied by producing transgenic mice where the transgene is composed of the regulatory sequences of a gene of interest driving the expression of a reporter gene. Specific genes can be \"knocked out\" by homologous recombination. This article reviews the contribution of the transgenic approach to the following areas of male reproduction: the identification of factors involved in sex determination and development of the reproductive tract; the study of the function and expression of genes important for spermatogenesis and male reproduction; the identification of genes involved in spermatogenesis and of genomic sequences directing the expression of a transgene in the testis; the study of the function of specific reproductive tissues or cells in vivo; oncogenesis in reproductive tissues; the creation of cell lines suitable for in vitro studies; gene therapy.","PeriodicalId":12104,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical endocrinology","volume":"102 6","pages":"419-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0029-1211314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18888058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Cholinergic potentiation of the meal-related rise in ACTH and cortisol concentrations in men. 胆碱能增强与进餐相关的男性促肾上腺皮质激素和皮质醇浓度升高。

Experimental and clinical endocrinology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1211320

C Dodt, K Hansen, D Uthgenannt, J Born, H L Fehm

{"title":"Cholinergic potentiation of the meal-related rise in ACTH and cortisol concentrations in men.","authors":"C Dodt, K Hansen, D Uthgenannt, J Born, H L Fehm","doi":"10.1055/s-0029-1211320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1211320","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examined the influence of physostigmine, an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor, on the secretory activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA)--axis under basal (experiment I) and stimulated (experiment II) conditions in young healthy men. In a third experiment, the effect of scopolamine, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, on HPA secretory activity after physiological stimulation was tested. The experiments started between 09.00 and 10.00 a.m.. After a resting period of 1.5 h, either physostigmine (0.0125 mg per kg body weight soluted in isotonic saline) or placebo (saline) was infused within 15 min. In experiment I subjects (n = 7) remained fasting while in experiment II (n = 18) a standardized lunch was offered after the infusion. Experiment III (n = 7) was designed as experiment II but instead of physostigmine, scopolamine or placebo (0.5 mg) was subcutaneously injected 105 min before the meal. Blood for the determination of ACTH and cortisol was drawn in regular intervals during the experiments. Physostigmine did not change basal ACTH and cortisol secretion per se, excluding activation of basal HPA secretion due to acetylcholineesterase inhibition and its non specific side effects. Meal intake stimulated ACTH and cortisol secretion which was significantly enhanced when physostigmine was administered (p < 0.05). Scopolamine did not influence the meal related ACTH and cortisol secretion. These findings demonstrate that cholinergic neurotransmission is able to increase ACTH and cortisol concentrations in humans. This effect seems to be complementary to other stimulatory neurotransmitter systems, and is functional during stimulated HPA secretory activity and not under basal conditions.","PeriodicalId":12104,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical endocrinology","volume":"102 6","pages":"460-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0029-1211320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18888604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Investigations on the use of C-21-steroids as precursors for placental oestrogen synthesis in the cow. c -21类固醇作为奶牛胎盘雌激素合成前体的研究。

Experimental and clinical endocrinology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1211278

G Schuler, F Hartung, B Hoffmann

{"title":"Investigations on the use of C-21-steroids as precursors for placental oestrogen synthesis in the cow.","authors":"G Schuler, F Hartung, B Hoffmann","doi":"10.1055/s-0029-1211278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1211278","url":null,"abstract":"Cotyledonary homogenates from 220 and 270 day pregnant and term cows were incubated (NADPH- and NAD(+)-regenerating system) with 3H-pregnenolone and 3H-progesterone, respectively. Identification of metabolites was based on separation on HPLC and the respective retention times. On days 220/270 the major metabolite formed after incubation with 3H-pregnenolone was progesterone, followed by 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone/17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone; the formation of estrone was low (up to 6%), while it was the major metabolite after incubation of pregnenolone with term placenta. At all stages of pregnancy investigated, the only metabolite found after incubation with 3H-progesterone was 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. These data provide evidence that 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone is the endpoint of steroid biosynthesis in the bovine placenta along the delta 4-route and that oestrogen synthesis follows the delta 5-pathway. Based on the high activity of 3 beta-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase/delta 5/4-isomerase also found on days 220/270, the key enzyme allowing for placental oestrogen synthesis in the cow seems to be cytochrome P450c17 alpha. Thus the situation in the cow is similar to that in the sheep and the increased turnover of pregnenolone into estrone may explain the decrease of placental progesterone production in the cow towards the end of gestation.","PeriodicalId":12104,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical endocrinology","volume":"102 3","pages":"169-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0029-1211278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18989966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 43

Tissue regenerates of adrenal cortex with a physiological function twelve years after bilateral total adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome. 库欣综合征双侧肾上腺全切除术12年后具有生理功能的肾上腺皮质组织再生。

Experimental and clinical endocrinology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1211268

R Hampel, E Finger, W Meng

{"title":"Tissue regenerates of adrenal cortex with a physiological function twelve years after bilateral total adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome.","authors":"R Hampel, E Finger, W Meng","doi":"10.1055/s-0029-1211268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1211268","url":null,"abstract":"We report about a male patient, who underwent bilateral total adrenalectomy due to ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome without pituitary adenoma in his 11th year of life. Symptoms of Cushing's disease were absent during the follow-up period. Height and body weight followed the percentiles 25 and 50 respectively. An endogenous cortisol production was not detected and steroid substitution became necessary. Five years after the surgery, he showed normal cortisol levels, but there was no cortisol increase under ACTH-loading. Nine and 12 years (1993) after surgery, we found normal, physiological levels of cortisol suggestive of normal functioning adrenal glands (day profile of cortisol, Liddle-Test, ACTH-Test, CRH-Test, cortisol excretion in 24-h-urine). Moreover, baseline ACTH and its rise under CRH stimulation were normal. Scintigraphy revealed normal-sized adrenal tissue in orthotopic position on both sides. Steroid supplementation was discontinued. Presently the patient is healthy, active and under no steroid therapy. No evidence of residual or relapsing Cushing's disease or Nelson's syndrome has been found up to this point.","PeriodicalId":12104,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical endocrinology","volume":"102 2","pages":"90-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0029-1211268","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19050585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Secretory pattern of metabolic hormones in the lactating sow. 哺乳母猪代谢激素的分泌模式。

Experimental and clinical endocrinology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1211316

D Schams, W D Kraetzl, G Brem, F Graf

{"title":"Secretory pattern of metabolic hormones in the lactating sow.","authors":"D Schams, W D Kraetzl, G Brem, F Graf","doi":"10.1055/s-0029-1211316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1211316","url":null,"abstract":"Two experiments were conducted to monitor hormonal changes during lactation in crossbred sows (Pietrain x German Landrace). Sows were fed twice daily without weighing the remaining food. Number of piglets was not standardized. Plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF-2, insulin (INS), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4), free thyroxin (FT4), non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and glucose (GLUC) were determined by RIA, EIA or enzymatically. In exp. A (n = 5 sows), blood samples were taken via permanent jugular cannula in weekly 24 h windows at 20 min intervals and additionally once daily for 6 weeks during lactation and for 3 days after weaning. In exp. B (n = 24 sows), blood was collected by needle puncture of the ear vein 2 and 1 week before parturition, the 1st and 3rd-4th week of lactation and 1 and 2 weeks after weaning. GH (0.8 ng/ml) and PRL (10.2 ng/ml) increased with onset of lactation (3.3 resp. 91.5 ng/ml), remained at high levels (2.5-2.8 resp. 39-41 ng/ml) during the 2nd and 3rd week, declined slowly thereafter and considerably after weaning to concentrations of 0.7 resp. 2.7 ng/ml. During lactation in 4 of 5 sows in exp. A, the typical episodic secretory pattern of GH and PRL was lost due to frequent suckling. Basal values, as known from non lactating sows, were not reached and number of pulses was elevated during lactation for both pituitary hormones. Insulin levels showed a high individual variation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":12104,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical endocrinology","volume":"102 6","pages":"439-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0029-1211316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18888060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29

Effect of catecholamine depletion and denervation on neuropeptide Y(NPY) and tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH) mRNA levels in rat sympathetic ganglia. 儿茶酚胺耗竭和去神经支配对大鼠交感神经节神经肽Y(NPY)和酪氨酸羟化酶(TH) mRNA水平的影响。

Experimental and clinical endocrinology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1211266

J Hänze, W Kummer, M Haass, R E Lang

{"title":"Effect of catecholamine depletion and denervation on neuropeptide Y(NPY) and tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH) mRNA levels in rat sympathetic ganglia.","authors":"J Hänze, W Kummer, M Haass, R E Lang","doi":"10.1055/s-0029-1211266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1211266","url":null,"abstract":"Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and noradrenaline (NA) are synthesized and stored in sympathetic nerves and concomitantly released in response to appropriate stimuli. The two substances have been reported to interact on various levels: postjunctionally, by mutually potentiating their vasoconstrictor effects, prejunctionally, by inhibiting each other's release. The possibility of an interaction on the levels of their synthesis was investigated in this study. Specific cDNA probes were used for the measurement of the steady state levels of the mRNAs encoding prepro-NPY and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the superior sympathetic cervical and stellate ganglia of rats. Reserpine (5 mg/kg) was administered for inducing catecholamine depletion. This caused a large decrease in the NA content of the heart associated with an about 50% reduction in cardiac NPY levels. Ganglionic NPY and TH mRNA levels increased 3-6 fold as compared to vehicle treated animals. To determine whether this effect was due to transynaptic induction, superior cervical ganglia were decentralized in a subgroup of rats. Decentralized ganglia displayed significantly lower NPY and TH mRNA levels than intact ones. The response to reserpine was almost completely prevented by decentralization. These Observations indicate that the activation of gene expression of NPY and TH by reserpine depends on intact ganglionic innervation and is therefore reflexly mediated. Trans-synaptic induction may regulate NPY and TH mRNA levels also under basal conditions.","PeriodicalId":12104,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical endocrinology","volume":"102 1","pages":"54-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0029-1211266","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18911772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Possible participation of prostaglandins in the increase in the bone blood flow in oophorectomized female rats. 前列腺素可能参与卵巢切除雌性大鼠骨血流量的增加。

Experimental and clinical endocrinology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1211313

J Kapitola, J Andrle, J Kubícková

引用次数: 8

Measurement of serum PDN-21 (Katacalcin) levels by radioimmunoassay in patients with various thyroid diseases. 放射免疫法测定各种甲状腺疾病患者血清PDN-21 (Katacalcin)水平。

Experimental and clinical endocrinology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1211306

H Takami

{"title":"Measurement of serum PDN-21 (Katacalcin) levels by radioimmunoassay in patients with various thyroid diseases.","authors":"H Takami","doi":"10.1055/s-0029-1211306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1211306","url":null,"abstract":"We established a radioimmunoassay (RIA) using anti-PDN-21 antiserum, which was obtained by immunizing rabbits with synthesized PDN-21, and the basic results are described in this report, with discussion of the significance of PDN-21 determination in various thyroid diseases. In this RIA, the double antibody technique was used for B/F separation. This assay yielded excellent standard curves, specificity, recovery and reproducibility showing that the assay is satisfactory from the clinical standpoint. The upper limit of the normal PDN-21 level was 67 pg/ml in 98 healthy persons. Only patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid among patients with various thyroid diseases showed specifically positive assay results. The level was 110 to 18,300 pg/ml (mean, 5,940 pg/ml) in 7 patients whose levels were determined preoperatively, and 64 to 140,000 pg/ml (mean, 10,900 pg/ml) in 18 patients whose levels were determined postoperatively. Thus, PDN-21 levels increased very sharply in the settings of recurrence and tumor residue. These results suggest that PDN-21 has the potential to be an extremely sensitive, highly specific marker for medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.","PeriodicalId":12104,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical endocrinology","volume":"102 5","pages":"370-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0029-1211306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18867043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Systolic ventricular function in acute hypothyroidism: a study using Doppler echocardiography. 急性甲状腺功能减退症的收缩心室功能:多普勒超声心动图研究。

Experimental and clinical endocrinology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1211271

G Grossmann, F S Keck, S Wieshammer, V Göller, A Schmidt, V Hombach

{"title":"Systolic ventricular function in acute hypothyroidism: a study using Doppler echocardiography.","authors":"G Grossmann, F S Keck, S Wieshammer, V Göller, A Schmidt, V Hombach","doi":"10.1055/s-0029-1211271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1211271","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of thyroid state on left ventricular systolic function was studied in 11 patients (5 men, 6 women, aged 20-55 years) without cardiac disease, who had undergone total thyroidectomy and radioiodine treatment for thyroid cancer before. Pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiographic measuring of aortic blood flow and two-dimensional/time-motion (2D/M-mode) echocardiography were performed on two occasions once while the patients were mildly hyperthyroid on thyroxine replacement therapy and once when they were hypothyroid. During hypothyroidism left ventricular end-diastolic diameter decreased from 48 +/- 5 mm to 46 +/- 5 mm (p < 0.05). The diameter of the aortic ring, the left ventricular end-systolic diameter, the thickness of the interventricular septum and posterior wall, and fractional shortening did not differ significantly between the two studies. The following parameter of aortic blood flow changed significantly when passing from the hyperthyroid to the hypothyroid state: peak velocity (0.86 +/- 0.15 m/s versus 0.72 +/- 0.15 m/s, p < 0.01); mean velocity (0.49 +/- 0.08 m/s versus 0.44 +/- 0.08 m/s, p < 0.01); time- velocity integral (14.1 +/- 3.0 cm versus 12.3 +/- 3.1 cm, p < 0.05); stroke volume (43.0 +/- 9.7 ml versus 35.2 +/- 8.2 ml, p < 0.05); and preejection period (124 +/- 23 ms versus 147 +/- 21 ms, p < 0.01). Peak acceleration, mean acceleration, acceleration time and left ventricular ejection time did not change when the thyroid state was altered. It is concluded that left ventricular contractile function was not affected by acute hypothyroidism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":12104,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical endocrinology","volume":"102 2","pages":"104-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0029-1211271","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19049989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11