{"title":"The current status of immunotherapy and future horizon in the treatment of metastatic and locally advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Izuma Nakayama, Kohei Shitara","doi":"10.1080/14712598.2024.2395921","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14712598.2024.2395921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Immunochemotherapy with PD-1 blockade has been established as the current standard first-line therapy for patients with mGEA. Reviewing the history of clinical trials offers valuable insight into the evolution of immune oncology in mGEA, paving the way for future advancements in this field.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review summarizes the findings of previous clinical trials related to immunotherapy for patients with GEA in the metastatic and locally advanced setting. We also introduce ongoing clinical trials to address the current challenging issues in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>In general, GEA exhibits intermediate immunogenic characteristics with heterogeneous expressions, and responders to anti-PD-(L)1 therapy are mostly enriched to patients with specific genomic profiles such as MSI-H, high PD-L1 expression, high TMB, and EBV-associated type. Co-administration with anti-angiogenic agents or simultaneous blockade of immune checkpoint molecules is being explored to offer benefit of immunotherapy for more patients. We hope that CLDN18.2 and upcoming targets like FGFR2b will complement the treatment niche of immunotherapy in the field of mGEA. Bispecific antibodies, antibody drug conjugates, CAR-T, and vaccine are anticipated to enhance efficacy and expand the scope of immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12084,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"903-915"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142016859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giuseppe Privitera, Cristina Bezzio, Arianna Dal Buono, Roberto Gabbiadini, Laura Loy, Luca Brandaleone, Giacomo Marcozzi, Giulia Migliorisi, Alessandro Armuzzi
{"title":"How comparative studies can inform treatment decisions for Crohn's disease.","authors":"Giuseppe Privitera, Cristina Bezzio, Arianna Dal Buono, Roberto Gabbiadini, Laura Loy, Luca Brandaleone, Giacomo Marcozzi, Giulia Migliorisi, Alessandro Armuzzi","doi":"10.1080/14712598.2024.2389985","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14712598.2024.2389985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>As new therapies for the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) are approved, there is an increasing need for evidence that clarifies their positioning and sequencing.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Comparative effectiveness research (CER) aims to inform physicians' decisions when they choose which intervention (drug or treatment strategy) to administer to their patients. Pragmatic head-to-head trials represent the best tools for CER, but only a few have been published in the IBD field. Network meta-analyses can point toward the superiority of one drug over another, but they do not reflect everyday clinical practice. Finally, real-world evidence complements that coming from head-to-head trials and network meta-analyses, assessing the real-life effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>There is insufficient evidence to create a definitive therapeutic algorithm for CD, but some general considerations can be made. Anti-TNF-α agents seemingly represent the most 'sustainable' first-line choice, considering benefit-harm ratio and costs; vedolizumab, ustekinumab, and risankizumab may be considered as first-line choice when safety issues become prominent. In the event of pharmacodynamic failure, out-of-class swap is to be preferred - possibly with anti-IL23p19 as the best option, with unclear data regarding upadacitinib positioning; a second anti-TNF-α could be considered, as a second choice, after pharmacokinetic failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":12084,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"955-972"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Letizia Mazzini, Fabiola De Marchi, Leonora Buzanska, Antonia Follenzi, Joel Clinton Glover, Maurizio Gelati, Ivan Lombardi, Margherita Maioli, Fatima Mesa-Herrera, Dinko Mitrečić, Cristina Olgasi, Augustas Pivoriūnas, Rosario Sanchez-Pernaute, Chiara Sgromo, Marzena Zychowicz, Angelo Vescovi, Daniela Ferrari
{"title":"Current status and new avenues of stem cell-based preclinical and therapeutic approaches in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","authors":"Letizia Mazzini, Fabiola De Marchi, Leonora Buzanska, Antonia Follenzi, Joel Clinton Glover, Maurizio Gelati, Ivan Lombardi, Margherita Maioli, Fatima Mesa-Herrera, Dinko Mitrečić, Cristina Olgasi, Augustas Pivoriūnas, Rosario Sanchez-Pernaute, Chiara Sgromo, Marzena Zychowicz, Angelo Vescovi, Daniela Ferrari","doi":"10.1080/14712598.2024.2392307","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14712598.2024.2392307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cell therapy development represents a critical challenge in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) research. Despite more than 20 years of basic and clinical research, no definitive safety and efficacy results of cell-based therapies for ALS have been published.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review summarizes advances using stem cells (SCs) in pre-clinical studies to promote clinical translation and in clinical trials to treat ALS. New technologies have been developed and new experimental <i>in vitro</i> and animal models are now available to facilitate pre-clinical research in this field and to determine the most promising approaches to pursue in patients. New clinical trial designs aimed at developing personalized SC-based treatment with biological endpoints are being defined.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Knowledge of the basic biology of ALS and on the use of SCs to study and potentially treat ALS continues to grow. However, a consensus has yet to emerge on how best to translate these results into therapeutic applications. The selection and follow-up of patients should be based on clinical, biological, and molecular criteria. Planning of SC-based clinical trials should be coordinated with patient profiling genetically and molecularly to achieve personalized treatment. Much work within basic and clinical research is still needed to successfully transition SC therapy in ALS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12084,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"933-954"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C Siverino, W-J Metsemakers, R Sutter, E Della Bella, M Morgenstern, J Barcik, M Ernst, M D'Este, A Joeris, M Chittò, P Schwarzenberg, M Stoddart, N Vanvelk, G Richards, E Wehrle, F Weisemann, S Zeiter, C Zalavras, P Varga, T F Moriarty
{"title":"Clinical management and innovation in fracture non-union.","authors":"C Siverino, W-J Metsemakers, R Sutter, E Della Bella, M Morgenstern, J Barcik, M Ernst, M D'Este, A Joeris, M Chittò, P Schwarzenberg, M Stoddart, N Vanvelk, G Richards, E Wehrle, F Weisemann, S Zeiter, C Zalavras, P Varga, T F Moriarty","doi":"10.1080/14712598.2024.2391491","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14712598.2024.2391491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>With the introduction and continuous improvement in operative fracture fixation, even the most severe bone fractures can be treated with a high rate of successful healing. However, healing complications can occur and when healing fails over prolonged time, the outcome is termed a fracture non-union. Non-union is generally believed to develop due to inadequate fixation, underlying host-related factors, or infection. Despite the advancements in fracture fixation and infection management, there is still a clear need for earlier diagnosis, improved prediction of healing outcomes and innovation in the treatment of non-union.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review provides a detailed description of non-union from a clinical perspective, including the state of the art in diagnosis, treatment, and currently available biomaterials and orthobiologics.Subsequently, recent translational development from the biological, mechanical, and infection research fields are presented, including the latest in smart implants, osteoinductive materials, and <i>in silico</i> modeling.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The first challenge for future innovations is to refine and to identify new clinical factors for the proper definition, diagnosis, and treatment of non-union. However, integration of <i>in</i> <i>vitro</i>, <i>in</i> <i>vivo</i>, and <i>in silico</i> research will enable a comprehensive understanding of non-union causes and correlations, leading to the development of more effective treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12084,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"973-991"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141912357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mehul Bhattacharyya, Larry E Miller, Anna L Miller, Ruemon Bhattacharyya
{"title":"The FDA approval of delandistrogene moxeparvovec-rokl for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a critical examination of the evidence and regulatory process.","authors":"Mehul Bhattacharyya, Larry E Miller, Anna L Miller, Ruemon Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.1080/14712598.2024.2394477","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14712598.2024.2394477","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12084,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"869-871"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The future of aptamers in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.","authors":"Jazmine Arévalo, Adrian Gabriel Torres","doi":"10.1080/14712598.2024.2399148","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14712598.2024.2399148","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12084,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"873-877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IL-17 inhibitors in axial spondyloarthritis. An overview.","authors":"Eric Toussirot, Renaud Felten","doi":"10.1080/14712598.2024.2394472","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14712598.2024.2394472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The therapeutic armamentarium for spondyloarthritis has expanded considerably in recent years, and there is growing evidence to support the increasing use of IL-17 inhibitors (IL-17i) in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This literature review provides an update on the role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of axSpA, efficacy and safety from clinical trials and real-life studies on the use of IL17i in axSpA. We also review the impact of extra-musculoskeletal manifestations on the decision to treat with IL17i and the efficacy of IL17i on structural progression.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>There are still some unanswered questions concerning the use of IL-17i in axSpA in clinical practice such as their respective place in the management of axSpA compared to TNFα inhibitors (TNFi). Their main differences rely on their specific efficacy in extra-articular manifestations such as psoriasis, uveitis, and inflammatory bowel diseases leading to the choice of the best treatment in a given patient. Regarding their real impact on structural progression, the rate of progression under IL-17i appears to be low and presumably similar to TNFi. One final question is the advantage of blocking the two IL-17 isoforms A and F compared to the single inhibition of IL-17A.</p>","PeriodicalId":12084,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"917-932"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marise R Heerma van Voss, Remco J Molenaar, Charlotte L B M Korst, Imke H Bartelink, Serena R Baglio, Sandy Kruyswijk, Maaike de Ruijter, Sonja Zweegman, Maria T Kuipers, Niels W C J van de Donk
{"title":"T-cell redirecting bispecific antibody treatment in multiple myeloma: current knowledge and future strategies for sustained T-cell engagement.","authors":"Marise R Heerma van Voss, Remco J Molenaar, Charlotte L B M Korst, Imke H Bartelink, Serena R Baglio, Sandy Kruyswijk, Maaike de Ruijter, Sonja Zweegman, Maria T Kuipers, Niels W C J van de Donk","doi":"10.1080/14712598.2024.2397436","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14712598.2024.2397436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>T-cell redirecting bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), targeting B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) or G-protein - coupled receptor class C group 5 member D (GPRC5D), are efficacious new agents for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory MM.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review discusses the pharmacokinetic properties, efficacy, and safety profile of T-cell redirecting BsAbs in MM, with a special focus on their optimal dosing schedule, resistance mechanisms and future strategies to enhance efficacy, reduce toxicity, and maximize duration of response.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>To further improve the efficacy of BsAbs, ongoing studies are investigating whether combination therapy can enhance depth and duration of response. An important open question is also to what extent response to BsAbs can be improved when these agents are used in earlier lines of therapy. In addition, more evidence is needed on rational de-intensification strategies of BsAb dosing upon achieving a sufficient response, and if (temporary) treatment cessation is possible in patients who have achieved a deep remission (e.g. complete response or minimal residual disease-negative status).</p>","PeriodicalId":12084,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"889-901"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142055312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}