European Neuropsychopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Prescribing clozapine to 10% of patients with schizophrenia may save 320,000 lives and cost 2400 deaths from agranulocytosis","authors":"Jose de Leon","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112747","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 112747"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145827113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders among individuals with eating disorders: a nation-wide cohort study","authors":"Adam F. Kemp ,&nbsp;Simon Anhøj ,&nbsp;Anna Mejldal ,&nbsp;Peter N. Schøler ,&nbsp;Rikke Wesselhoeft ,&nbsp;Maria M. Guala ,&nbsp;Christoph U. Correll ,&nbsp;Marco Solmi ,&nbsp;Angelina I. Mellentin ,&nbsp;Mikkel Højlund","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individuals with eating disorders (EDs) hold an increased risk of developing schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSDs). It is however unclear whether this applies to all ED subgroups. We conducted a nationwide register-based cohort study including all individuals diagnosed with EDs in Denmark between 01jan1994 and 31dec2015. We used Cox regression models to compare the risk of SSDs between individuals with and without EDs and how this risk was influenced by risk factors and time since diagnosis of ED. The cohort included 20,045 individuals with EDs and 79,720 without ED (median age [interquartile range]:19 [16–24] years; 93% female). During 1,123,372 person-years of follow-up, 1,335 (6.7%) individuals with EDs were diagnosed with SSDs, compared to 982 (1.2%) individuals without EDs. This reflected a 4-fold higher risk of any SSD among individuals with EDs (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 4.43; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 4.04–4.84). Individuals with anorexia nervosa (aHR 4.56 [3.99–5.22]) and other EDs (aHR 4.99 [4.27–5.83]) had a higher risk of any SSD diagnosis compared to individuals with bulimia nervosa (aHR 3.46 [2.83–4.22]). History of previous psychiatric hospitalisation, substance abuse, alcohol abuse, male sex, and onset of ED &lt;19 years were associated with increased risk of SSDs in individuals with EDs. The risk of any SSD diagnosis decreased over time, but persisted ≥11 years after ED diagnosis (aHR 2.23 [1.71–2.92]). In conclusion, individuals with EDs have a four-fold higher risk of developing SSDs, compared with individuals without EDs. Anorexia nervosa and other EDs entails a higher risk of a subsequent SSD diagnosis compared with bulimia nervosa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 112748"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145932974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of antipsychotic nonadherence with all-cause mortality in adults with schizophrenia newly treated or reinitiating antipsychotic medication: A retrospective healthcare claims study","authors":"Christoph U Correll ,&nbsp;Brahim K Bookhart ,&nbsp;Carmela Benson ,&nbsp;Zhiwen Liu ,&nbsp;Zhongyun Zhao ,&nbsp;Wenze Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antipsychotic nonadherence is related to adverse outcomes in schizophrenia, including relapse and hospitalization; however, its impact on mortality remains unclear. This study evaluated associations between antipsychotic adherence levels and all-cause mortality using longitudinal claims data from the Optum Clinformatics® Data Mart Database. Eligible adults had ≥2 outpatient claims on separate dates or ≥1 inpatient claim with a schizophrenia diagnosis during the 12 months prior to/at index (i.e., antipsychotic initiation/reinitiation date) and no antipsychotic prescriptions or bipolar disorder diagnoses within 12 months pre-index. Medication adherence levels were defined by cumulative proportion of days covered (PDC): high adherence (≥0.8), low/moderate adherence (≥0.2 to &lt;0.8), and nonadherence (&lt;0.2). Adherence and all-cause mortality were evaluated during follow-up. A marginal structural model adjusting for baseline and time-varying confounding factors was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for mortality at different adherence levels. Of 6417 included adults (age=55.3 ± 20.5 years; males=54.0%; White=51.0%), the majority (81.7%) were prescribed second-generation oral antipsychotics at index. Within 6 months of antipsychotic initiation, mean cumulative PDC was 0.59±0.33. During a median follow-up of 17.3 months (interquartile range: 6.2–36.7), compared with high-adherent patients, all-cause mortality hazard was significantly greater in nonadherent (HR=1.80 [95%CI: 1.43–2.27]) and low/moderate-adherent (HR=1.53 [95% CI: 1.25–1.89]) patients. Five-year estimated survival rates were 67%, 71%, and 80% for nonadherent, low/moderate-adherent, and high-adherent patients, respectively. In this study, suboptimal antipsychotic adherence was associated with elevated mortality risk in patients with schizophrenia. Improved adherence may enhance survival and should be reinforced early in the disease course.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 112745"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145818653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health, coping and related risk factors during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic in children: Nationally representative, multi-wave, cross-sectional results from 12 countries from the global COH-FIT study","authors":"Agorastos Agorastos ,&nbsp;Trevor Thompson ,&nbsp;Marco Solmi ,&nbsp;Samuele Cortese ,&nbsp;Andrés Estradé ,&nbsp;Joaquim Radua ,&nbsp;Elena Dragioti ,&nbsp;Davy Vancampfort ,&nbsp;Lau Caspar Thygesen ,&nbsp;Harald Aschauer ,&nbsp;Monika Schlögelhofer ,&nbsp;Elena Aschauer ,&nbsp;Andres Schneeberger ,&nbsp;Christian G. Huber ,&nbsp;Gregor Hasler ,&nbsp;Philippe Conus ,&nbsp;Kim Q. Do Cuénod ,&nbsp;Roland von Känel ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Arrondo ,&nbsp;Paolo Fusar-Poli ,&nbsp;Christoph U Correll","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Few multinational studies have assessed risk factors and coping strategies associated with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s mental health over time. The Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT) is the largest transcontinental, multi-wave, cross-sectional survey collecting multi-nation data on well-being and psychopathology during the pandemic. We analyzed country-specific, general-population-based, representative COH-FIT data of 6067 children aged 6–13 years from 12 countries across repeated cross-sectional waves over a period of &gt;2 years (Apr/2020–May/2022), addressing through current and retrospective assessment pre- to intra-pandemic changes in well-being (WHO-5) and general psychopathology scores (P_c) (0–100) in relation to COVID-related deaths, stringency index, eight a priori risk factors, and 16 coping strategies in different responders at each wave. From pre- to intra-pandemic, WHO-5 scores decreased (−4.59, 95 %CI=−6.18 to −2.99, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), while PC-scores increased (+6.68, 95 %CI=4.48–8.88, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) significantly, following distinct time patterns but both returning to near pre-pandemic levels. Changes in both scores varied by country. WHO-5 scores correlated strongly with P_C and subdomain scores. Both score changes were significantly but minimally associated to COVID-19 deaths/stringency index. The proportion of children screening positive for depression increased from 3.9 % to 8.3 % (χ²=145.70, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and for major depression from 0.6 % to 2.2 % (χ²=68.64, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) intrapandemic. WHO-5 and P_C-score changes were significantly associated with female gender, school closure, and pre-existing physical and mental conditions, with cumulative effects. The five most frequently endorsed coping strategies were family contact (85.2 %), friends (67.3 %), outdoor play (54.0 %), pet interaction (51.5 %), and internet use (50.9 %). Identified risk groups and coping strategies can inform targeted interventions and global public health policy.</div><div><strong>Trial Registration:</strong> ClinicalTrials.gov; Identifier: NCT04383470</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 112741"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain 5-HT4 receptor, gastrointestinal symptoms, and SSRI-related nausea in depression","authors":"K.G. Nielsen ,&nbsp;K. Köhler-Forsberg ,&nbsp;M.B. Jørgensen ,&nbsp;V.G. Froekjaer ,&nbsp;K.H.R. Jensen","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112744","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 112744"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145838269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All-cause and cause-specific mortality in people with mental disorders: a population-based study on risk evaluation, effect modifiers and excess life-years lost in Hong Kong","authors":"Joe Kwun-Nam Chan ,&nbsp;Ryan Cheuk-Yin Li ,&nbsp;Oleguer Plana-Ripoll ,&nbsp;Natalie C. Momen ,&nbsp;Christoph U. Correll ,&nbsp;Marco Solmi ,&nbsp;Corine Sau-Man Wong ,&nbsp;Kam-Ming Ku ,&nbsp;Vanessa Ramesh Mahboobani ,&nbsp;Albert Kar-Kin Chung ,&nbsp;Simon Sai-Yu Lui ,&nbsp;Pak-Chung Sham ,&nbsp;Wing-Chung Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mental-disorders (MDs) are associated with premature mortality. Previous studies had limitations including confounding by physical-morbidities and lack of cause-specific mortality evaluation. We aimed to quantify mortality risk and life-expectancy gap across MDs in an Asian population. This retrospective population-based study investigated people with MDs (ascertained by ICD10-codes) in 2006–2021, utilizing comprehensive health-record-database of public-healthcare services in Hong-Kong. Individuals without MDs attending primary-care-clinics during study period served as comparisons. We estimated relative all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk using Cox-proportional hazards-regression models, and calculated excess life-years-lost (LYLs). Effect modification (sex, age, Charlson-comorbidity-index, socioeconomic-status (SES)) on relative risks was evaluated with subgroup-analyses. This analysis included 332,298 people with and 902,927 people without MDs. Any MD was associated with increased all-cause mortality (hazard-ratio (HR): 2.04 [95%Confidence-interval (CI)=2.02–2.07]) and excess LYLs (13.81 years [95%CI=13.60–13.98]). Eating-disorders exhibited the highest all-cause mortality (HR=9.43 [95%CI=6.83–13.02]), followed by developmental-disorders (HR=5.55 [95%CI=4.45–6.92]), personality-disorders (HR=4.50 [95%CI=4.06–4.98]) and substance-use disorders (HR=3.83 [95%CI=3.70–3.96]), with pronounced excess LYLs (14.18–17.41 years). Psychiatric-multimorbidity further increased excess mortality. Suicide was associated with the highest mortality risk (HR=8.69 [95%CI=7.97–9.45]). Natural causes accounted for most deaths (85%; HR range=1.50–2.76), while external causes explained 5% of all deaths (suicide: HR=8.69 [95%CI=7.97–9.45]). Men, younger age and lower SES were associated with increased all-cause and natural-cause mortality, while women and higher SES were linked to elevated external-cause mortality. This study highlighted transdiagnostic nature of premature mortality associated with MDs. Implementation of comprehensive multilevel interventions is warranted to narrow this mortality gap.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 112742"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145793615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different effect of adverse childhood experiences on white matter microstructure in major depression and bipolar disorder: moderating role of genetic liability","authors":"Marco Paolini ,&nbsp;Laura Raffaelli ,&nbsp;Valentina Bettonagli ,&nbsp;Cristina Lorenzi ,&nbsp;Sara Spadini ,&nbsp;Beatrice Bravi ,&nbsp;Lidia Fortaner-Uyà ,&nbsp;Giulia Gulino ,&nbsp;Chiara Fabbri ,&nbsp;Alessandro Serretti ,&nbsp;Raffaella Zanardi ,&nbsp;Cristina Colombo ,&nbsp;Francesco Benedetti ,&nbsp;Sara Poletti","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are risk factors for both major depressive (MDD) and bipolar disorder. ACEs have been associated with white matter (WM) alterations, but whether they have different effects in MDD and BD remains unclear. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) allow for an individual estimation of genetic liabilities for most psychiatric conditions. The aim of the present study was to characterize the effect of ACEs on WM microstructure in MDD and BD, testing a possible differential effect between the two diagnoses and investigating whether genetic liabilities might modulate this relation. 260 depressed inpatients (140 MDD and 120 BD, mean age 49.29 ± 10.60, <em>F</em> = 161) underwent 3T MRI scan and ACEs evaluation. MDD and BD PRS were calculated in a subset of patients. Significant ACEs x diagnosis interactions were found for several DTI metrics. Single group analyses showed widespread detrimental effects of ACEs on WM integrity in BD, and less pronounced effects in MDD. Significant moderating effect of BD PRS in the whole sample and in MDD specifically were found for the relation between ACEs, fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity, with bipolar-like relations for higher values of BD PRS. The differential effect of ACEs on WM microstructure in the two diagnostic groups points towards putative differential pathophysiological routes through which childhood maltreatment affects the two conditions, while the identification of a BD PRS moderation on the whole sample and in MDD specifically sheds light on the causal relation between ACEs, diagnostic phenotype and DTI metrics, and provides a possible tool to disentangle MDD heterogeneity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 112734"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between tirzepatide use and risk of mortality, hospitalization, and suicidal behavior in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A one-year retrospective cohort study of 3618 patients","authors":"Ting-Hui Liu ,&nbsp;Chia-Hsuan Hsu ,&nbsp;Jheng-Yan Wu ,&nbsp;Po-Yu Huang ,&nbsp;Chih-Cheng Chang ,&nbsp;Chih-Cheng Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness and psychiatric safety of tirzepatide among adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, focusing on the risks of mortality, hospitalization, and suicidal behavior. Based on the electronic health records from the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network, adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who initiated tirzepatide on or before June 1, 2024, were included. Tirzepatide users were propensity score–matched 1:1 to nonusers based on demographic and clinical variables. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality, hospitalization, and suicidal behavior evaluated between 30 and 365 days after the index date. Secondary outcomes included each component separately. Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan–Meier estimators were used to estimate associations. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Overall, a total of 1809 matched pairs were included. Tirzepatide use was associated with lower risk of the composite outcome (hazard ratio [HR], 0.66; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.55–0.79), as well as all-cause mortality (HR, 0.18; 95 % CI, 0.06–0.51), hospitalization (HR, 0.75; 95 % CI, 0.61–0.92), and suicidal behavior (HR, 0.43; 95 % CI, 0.27–0.70). Risk reduction was generally consistent across subgroups. Control outcome analyses supported internal validity. In conclusion, tirzepatide use in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders is associated with improved clinical outcomes, including reduced risks of mortality, hospitalization, and suicidal behavior. These findings support the integration of tirzepatide into metabolic management strategies for this high-risk population, offering benefits for glycemic control and potentially for psychiatric outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 112739"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145719036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are cell type-specific methylation profiles the missing link in ADHD epigenetics?","authors":"Guilherme Lima Ferreira Neves,&nbsp;Guilherme Nobre Nogueira","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 112736"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145755408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of xanomeline and xanomeline trospium in the treatment of cognitive impairment: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical trials","authors":"Kyle Valentino ,&nbsp;Bianca Shen ,&nbsp;Bethany Waisman ,&nbsp;Gia Han Le ,&nbsp;Hana Ballum ,&nbsp;William Cheung ,&nbsp;Roger S. McIntyre","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high prevalence, persistence and clinical burden of cognitive impairment on health outcomes in persons with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder invites the need for innovative, mechanistically informed pharmacotherapeutic interventions. Evidence implicates dysregulation of muscarinic signalling as a mediator of cognitive dysfunction, identifying it as a potential therapeutic target. In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was performed using the following electronic databases: PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Databases were searched from inception to May 1, 2025. Study screening and selection was performed by three reviewers (K.V., B.S., and B.W.). Included studies reported on the effects of xanomeline and/or xanomeline trospium on cognitive function. A total of 24 studies were included in this review. Preclinical and clinical studies consistently demonstrate that xanomeline trospium is well tolerated in both short and long-term evaluations. Furthermore, xanomeline trospium has been associated with cognitive improvements in both animal models and clinical populations (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease (AD), schizophrenia), including improvements in verbal learning, delayed memory, and reaction time. Xanomeline trospium, an FDA approved muscarinic M1/M4 partial agonist with demonstrated safety, tolerability, and efficacy, represents a novel pharmacological intervention for the treatment of schizophrenia. The convergence of preclinical and clinical findings supports the hypothesis that xanomeline trospium exerts direct pro cognitive effects in persons with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and potentially other neuropsychiatric conditions (e.g., AD). Limitations of the current study include limited indications investigated and the absence of a comprehensive analysis of xanomeline’s overall neurobiologic effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 112735"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145793649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}