European Journal of Experimental Biology最新文献

{"title":"The Role of the Gut in Parkinsons Disease","authors":"D. Worku, Roseanna Matt","doi":"10.36648/2248-9215.9.2.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2248-9215.9.2.83","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinsons disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative condition worldwide and is characterized by dopamine deficiency and Lewy body deposition composed of abnormal alpha-synuclein in the surviving neurons of the substantia nigra [1,2]. While the motor features of PD are well documented its pre-motor features are increasingly becoming recognized with constipation the most frequently reported. This is often associated with small gut intestinal bacterial overgrowth and Helicobacter pylori which are known to worsen motor symptoms [3]. It is because of this the possible role of the gut in PD pathogenesis is being investigated as described by Braaks Hypothesis [4]. Within the gut lies the microbiome, home to an estimated 100-trillion bacteria, two-thirds of which are unique to each individual and are inherited maternally at birth [2,3]. While 50% to 60% of these bacterial species are yet to be cultured it was thought that their function was to aid digestion and vitamin synthesis however in recent years the existence of a bidirectional gut-brain axis mediated by the vagus nerve which incorporates autonomic/enteric nervous systems and overlapping endocrine/immune systems has been recognized [2,3]. This relationship is evident by the identification of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways in the CNS to the gut and the role of gut bacteria in microglia maturation [5,6]. The enteric nervous system consists contains a significant proportion of dopaminergic neurons [6]. In addition, half of the body’s dopamine production is made by gut bacteria with gut Lewybody burden correlating with vagal nerve distribution [3,7].","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"302 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77207542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant Growth Inhibitory Activity of Goniothalamus andersonii Bark Incorporated with Soil on Selected Plants","authors":"Raihan Ismil, N. Hirai, Y. Fujii","doi":"10.36648/2248-9215.9.1.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2248-9215.9.1.78","url":null,"abstract":"Phytotoxic effects of soil incorporation with Goniothalamus andersonii bark powder against Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Trifolium repens (white clover), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), and Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) were evaluated under the greenhouse condition for possible utilization as weed suppression. The growth of tested plants was reduced significantly after 14 days of incorporation where the degree of inhibition was dose dependent. A monocotyledonous plant, L. perenne was greatly inhibited by 94.8% when exposed to the bark powder concentration of 2% (w/w). After 21 days of incorporation, the length and fresh weight of both root and shoot part of tested plants were decreased significantly. These results indicate that G. andersonii bark possess inhibitory activity against various tested plants, suggesting that the bark powder is very beneficial as natural herbicide in weed control management.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90756917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Season, Parity, Exotic Gene Level and Lactation Stage on Milk Yield and Composition of Holstein Friesian Crosses in Central Highlands of Ethiopia","authors":"Dereje Shibru, B. Tamir, F. Kasa, G. Goshu","doi":"10.36648/2248-9215.9.4.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2248-9215.9.4.92","url":null,"abstract":"The study used twelve years recorded data’s analysis for milk yield and composition of Holstein Friesian crossbred dairy cows in Holleta agricultural research center dairy farm. Data were summarized and categorized into the season, genotype (exotic blood level), Parity and lactation stages. The summarized data’s were season (219 wet, 1055 dry), genotype (1,117 for 50%, 115 for 62.5% and 42 for >75%), Parity (474 for parity-2, 356 parity-3, 270 for parity-4 and 174 for parity-5), Lactation stage (483 for early, 445 for mid and 346 for late). Analysis of means and standard errors of the mean for the parameter studied was estimated using SAS. The General Linear Model was used for analyses of variance on average monthly milk yield and composition for the effects of season, parity, genotype and stages of lactation. Season significantly affected milk yield, fat, and protein percentage composition. Higher yield and fat% composition record in the dry season and higher protein% during the wet season. Genotype significantly affected milk yield where the yield of 62.5% and >75% crossbred cows were significantly higher than that of 50% crossbred cows. The difference in parity significantly affected milk yield and protein content of milk where higher milk yield and protein content was recorded in parity five. An increasing trend observed in milk yield and protein content as dam parity advances. Mean monthly milk yield, percent of protein and total solid was varied significantly between different lactation stages where protein and Total solid percentage was significantly higher in the late stages of lactation. In overall milk, the yield was significantly affected by season, genotype, parity and stages of lactation but it is negatively correlated with the percentage of fat, protein, and total solids. Season, parity and stages of lactation significantly affected the protein content of milk whereas milk composition strongly correlated with each other.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"269 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82796839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling the Nitrogen Efficiency Using Agricultural Engineering Technique of YARA ALS Tractor Senso","authors":"Mohammad Hudzari bin Haji Razali, Muhammad Nawab Hazim Bin Mohd Azhan","doi":"10.36648/2248-9215.9.2.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2248-9215.9.2.86","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen is one of the macronutrients needed by all type of plants in order for them to grow into a healthy plant. Nitrogen is also one of the important elements in plants because of its role in the chlorophyll production in the leaf. Plants will grow healthy if they receive a sufficient amount of nitrogen needed. The study is conducted at Share Farm UiTM Jasin, Melaka. The YARA ALS N-Sensor has been used to determine the Nitrogen needed by the young oil palm. The result of visual analysis comes in a raster map form the sensor office website. There are 3 types of the map that which are N recommendation Map, N as-applied Map and Relative biomass map. The map is interpreted by the color on the map. For N recommendation map and N as-applied map, the darker the blue color which consists of 16.7% and 5.4% of total area respectively indicates that the area has less N in the leaf while the lighter blue color which consists of 6.0% and 6.7% of total area respectively indicates that the area has sufficient N in the leaf. As for the Relative biomass map, the darker green coloured area which consist 6.9% of the total area indicates that the area has sufficient N while for the lighter colored area which consists of 5.9% of the total area indicates that the area has less N. The area which indicates the less N needs to be applied with N based fertilizer whereas the area with sufficient N did not have to apply fertilizer but needs to be monitored.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73022198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral LD50 of total saponins and tannins isolated from Dialium guineense stem bark","authors":"Abu Od, Adeogun Ef, E. So","doi":"10.36648/2248-9215.9.2.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2248-9215.9.2.85","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: The safety of bioactive compounds isolated from plant extracts has become a global concern. The aim of this study was to determine the oral LD50 of total saponins and tannins isolated from Dialium guineense stem bark using Sprague Dawley rats. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats (n=13) weighing 150-180 g (mean weight=165 ± 15 g) were used for this study. The aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts of the plant stem bark were obtained using cold maceration method. The lorke method was used to determine oral LD50 of isolated total saponins and tannins of D. guineense. Signs of toxicity and possible death of rats were also monitored for twenty-four (24) h. Results: The major signs of toxicity observed within 24 h were: difficulty in breathing, loss of appetite and general weakness. No deaths were recorded in both phases and all the animals in each phytochemical group survived. The oral LD50 of total saponins and tannins of D. guineense were greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight (bwt). Conclusion: The findings of this study have shown that saponins and tannins of D. guineense stem bark are not toxic at doses not exceeding 5000 mg/kg bwt.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77957776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maize Yield Response under Various Phosphorus Sources and their Ratios","authors":"Waqar Ali, Mukhtiar Ali, Abid Kamal, M. Uzair, N. Ullah, Muhammad Daud Khan, M. K. Khalil","doi":"10.36648/2248-9215.9.1.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2248-9215.9.1.82","url":null,"abstract":"Improper use of fertilizers and its ratio is one of the main reasons for low productivity; therefore balance fertilization is required to maintain crop production and improved soil fertility. Therefore the experiment was carried out at Cereal Crop Research Institute (CCRI) Pirsabak, Distract Nowshera KP, Pakistan during Kharif 2016. To study the effect of different phosphorus (P) sources and their ratios on maize yield and yield components, an experiment was carried out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replication. The treatments consisted of sole application of Farmyard Manure (FYM), Poultry Manure (PM) and Diammonium Phosphate (DAP), 75% FYM+25% DAP, 50% FYM+50% DAP, 75% PM+25% DAP, 50% PM+50% DAP and a control treatment with no P fertilizer. Phosphorus was applied at the rate of 100 kg ha-1 from different sources in different ratios. The results indicated a significant effect of different phosphorus sources on days to tasselling, days to silking, days to maturity, plant height, grains ear-1, grain yield, biological yield, and harvest index, whereas the emergence m-2 was found non-significant with different P sources. The combined use of organic and inorganic P sources delayed tasselling, silking and maturity. Plant height, grains ear-1, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index was also higher with the addition of P from both sources as compared with the sole application of organic or inorga nic fertilizer. The combined application of organic manures 50:50 (FYM or PM) and inorganic fertilizer (DAP) performed better as compared to the rest of the ratios and produced higher yield and yield components.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81010772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digestibility and Carcass Characteristics of West African Dwarf Goats fed Pleurotus tuber regium Biodegraded Ground Nut Shells Included Diets","authors":"A. Dauda, P. Sainagbe, J. Adamu","doi":"10.36648/2248-9215.9.4.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2248-9215.9.4.90","url":null,"abstract":"A total of twenty (20) West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks having an average weight of 6.5 kg were used to study their nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics. The animals were allotted to five treatment group four animals each randomly. The treatment diets contained varying levels of un-degraded ground nutshells (UGNS) and Pleurotus tuber regium biodegraded Ground Nut Shells (PT-GNS) in a Completely Randomized Design (T1=100% UGN; T2=75% UGN+25% PT-GNS; T3=50% UGN+50% PT-GNS; T4=25% UGN+75% PT-GNS; and T5=100% PT-GNS). Each animal served as a replicate. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. The experiment lasts for 84th day of feeding trial. Data on nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics were taken and subjected to one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and where significant differences occurred, means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Tests (DMRT). The results showed that nutrient digestibility had no significance (p>0.05) difference among the treatment diets, although the digestibility coefficient of Dry Matter (DM) was high, the observed values ranging from 92.10% (T1) to 93.21% (T5). Bucks in T5 had the highest digestibility coefficient of crude protein (93.41) while bucks in T1 had the least values. The carcass characteristics showed a significant difference (p<0.05) among the treatments for carcass yield, carcass weight, and dressing percent increased as the percent substitution of Un-degraded Ground Nut Shells (UGNs) with Pleurotus tuber-Groundnut Shell (PT-GNS) increased from 0 to 100%. Wholesale cuts also showed significant difference (p<0.05) among treatments. Thus, Pleurotus tuber can be used to improve the low-quality farm by-product such as groundnut shell to increases animal protein production.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79810314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits of Farm Animals Genetic Adaptation: A Review","authors":"Solomon Tsegaye, Hussen Ebrahim","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100063","url":null,"abstract":"This review aimed to deliver knowledge about the benefit of \u0000 genetic adaptation of farm animals. Gene helps the farm \u0000 animals to adapt conditions and able to survive different \u0000 conditions. Furthermore, farm animal’s genetic adaptation \u0000 plays a great role to cope up climate change, environmental \u0000 stresses including extreme hot and cold, disease and \u0000 parasite. Accordingly, considering different factors, climatic \u0000 condition, topography, breed type, relationship with human, \u0000 disease and parasite resistance, welfare issue, physiological \u0000 and behavioral status, nutritional habit in harsh environment and management influences, local and cross \u0000 breeds are more important than exotic breeds to establish \u0000 an international sustainable farm animal breeding program \u0000 at farm and laboratory level. Likewise, in-situ and ex-situ \u0000 adaptive local gene conservation bank should be done \u0000 properly, especially, in developing countries. Therefore, the \u0000 importance of this review is high and must be documented.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89603920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Approach to Integrated Management of Sunflower Wilt through Bio-Inoculants","authors":"Lakshman Ss, Rao Ch, Er, Godke Mk","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100072","url":null,"abstract":"Sunflower is a new emerging oilseed crop which can grown through-out the year. In West Bengal this crop mainly grow in rabi season which suffers many biotic stresses, out of which soil borne diseases are of great economic importance. A field study was conducted by AICRP on Sunflower, Nimpith Centre to identify the best management approaches to overcome the yield loss due to wilt of sunflower. It was observed that most of the fungal and bacterial antagonists tested were found effective against soil borne diseases in-vivo conditions. The isolates of fungal antagonists Trichoderma viride (Tv), and Trichoderma harzianum (Th) and one isolate of bacterial antagonist Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf) were found very effective to control this seed borne disease when used as bio-agents. The above antagonists (bio-agents) with their combinations found highly effective against all the soil borne pathogens causing the sunflower wilt under in vivo conditions were used for seed, soil and seed+soil treatments to observe their effectiveness on seed germination, seedling emergence, early seedling growth and resistance of wilt incidence in sunflower cv. DRSH-1. Post studies further revealed that seed+seedling+soil application of the antagonists resulted in lesser wilt incidence compared to only seed or soil application of these antagonists resulting higher seed yield in farmer’s field. The lowest mortality of sunflower plants either in seedling stage or in mature stage also observed when the bio-inoculants were used in combination (T. harzianum+P. fluorescens (5.0g/lit 5.0g +5.0g/ kg of seed) and when the combination was used as seed inoculants and also used for spraying at the crown region before first and second irrigation. The data across of the years of study on demonstration fields, indicated that economic advantage in terms of the Benefit: Cost (B:C) ratio of the farmers under improved method of sunflower cultivation with seed treatments and application of bioinoculants results higher Benefit: Cost (B:C) ratio higher was recorded 1.41 (2014-15) and 1.45 (2015-16) which were much higher compared to conventional cultivation systems/ Farmer’s Practice, 1.06 (2014-15)-1.18 (2015-16). The conclusion of the present study is that T. viride, P. fluorescens and T. harzianum and their combinations have significant role on to effective management of sunflower wilt in West Bengal.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"21 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75230825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rehabilitation With Implant Supported Fixed Prosthesis- A Case Report","authors":"R. Luthra, Poonam Pathania","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100045","url":null,"abstract":"Treatment of the edentulous patient with fixed reconstructions using multiple implants in both dental arches has many benefits compared to a conventional removable denture, including increased patient satisfaction, improved speech, aesthetics, function and self esteem. With a continuing increase in the use of implants, a significant percentage of edentulous population is benefitting from the advantages of fixed implant restorations. The choice of a suitable prosthesis for a specific case is determined to a great extent by the underlying residual bone volume as well as the teeth being replaced. The aim of the present case report is to describe the oral rehabilitation of a patient with a fixed implantsupported prosthesis.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79345592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}