Irsalina Nur Amalia, Eriska Riyanti, Prima Andisetyanto, Rasmi Rikmasari, Sri Tjahajawati, Yunia Dwi Rakhmatia
{"title":"Evaluation of Parents' Perceptions of the Dental and Oral Health in Children with Disability in the Bandung City.","authors":"Irsalina Nur Amalia, Eriska Riyanti, Prima Andisetyanto, Rasmi Rikmasari, Sri Tjahajawati, Yunia Dwi Rakhmatia","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i1.8","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children with disability have a risk of poor dental health because of their mental and physical limitations. They depend on caregivers in their daily life Parents have an important role in maintaining children's dental health. Parents attitudes can be influenced by parents' perceptions of children's dental health. This study explored parental perceptions regarding the dental and oral health of children with special needs in Bandung City.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized a descriptive observational research using a cross-sectional survey. The subjects in this study were 239 parents who had children aged 0-18 years who were taken from 9 special schools. The variables of this study were parents' perceptions and the dental and oral health status of children with disability. Primary data were obtained through a validated questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Parents' perceptions of the dental and oral health of children with disability consists of 84.94% good enough perceptions, 12.13% good perceptions, and 2.93% bad perceptions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most parents have a fairly good perception of the dental and oral health of children with special needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"65-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11217794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social Media in Pregnancy Care: Exploring Adoption Factors and Digital Healthcare Information Utilization among Expectant Mothers in Ghana.","authors":"Philomina Pomaah Ofori","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i1.6","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Antenatal Care (ANC) Center is a conventional facility that caters for the prenatal healthcare needs of expectant mothers and ensures proper management by healthcare professionals; however, expectant mothers seek healthcare support from other sources. This study aimed to examine the utilization of social media for healthcare information among expectant mothers in the capital city of Ghana and explore the factors that influence its adoption.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study employed a non-experimental survey design. The study used a questionnaire to gather data from expectant mothers. Using 580 valid responses, SmartPLS structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the study model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study findings demonstrated the significant influence of performance expectancy of social media (PESM) and facilitating conditions of social media (FCSM) on social media healthcare information usage (SMHLU). The results also revealed that emotional support on social media and perceived vulnerability were influential factors that shaped expectant mothers' choices to use social media for healthcare information. However, the study showed that perceived severity and the relative advantage of social media had no significant effects on SMHIU. Interestingly, FCSM was found to be significantly associated with PESM, emphasizing that social media support enhances performance expectancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that information is important to expectant mothers, which compels them to seek digital healthcare. With these findings, healthcare providers can incorporate digital health services into their ANC service to support women during pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"47-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11217798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid Positivity in Screening and Early Detection of Cervical Dysplasia in Africa, 2023: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Yohannes Fikadu Geda, Yirgalem Yosef Lamiso, Tamirat Melis Berhe, Seid Jemal Mohammed, Samuel Ejeta Chibsa, Daniel Adane Endalew, Kenzudin Assfa Mossa, Seblework Abeje, Mustefa Adem Hussen, Molalign Mesele Gesesse","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i1.2","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Visual Inspection with Acetic acid (VIA) is the best feasible method of screening and early detecting for cervical dysplasia for resource limited settings like Africa. There is no study that can represent Africa on VIA positivity. Therefore, this metaanalysis was planned to verify the best available articles to pool the visual inspection with acetic acid positivity in screening and early detection of cervical dysplasia in Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, free Google database search engines, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases were used to conduct a true search of this research article. STATA version 14.0 was used to do the metaanalysis. This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO database under the identity pf CRD42023392197.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>This meta-analysis analyzed data from 21,066 women who had VIA examination to estimate the pooled VIA positivity in Africa. The overall pooled effect estimate of VIA positivity in Africa was 11.93 (95%CI: 11.48-12.37). Age <16 year during first intercourse 2.58(95%CI: 1.53-3.62), lifetime sexual partner ≥2 3.92(95%CI: 2.05-5.78) and HIV positivity 2.92(95%CI: 1.72-4.12) were the significant variables which influence VIA positivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall pooled effect estimate of VIA positivity in Africa was high compared to other continents. The main factors that affect VIA positivity are age at first sexual contact being under 16 years old, the number of lifetime sexual partners being at least two, and HIV positivity. Therefore, the WHO's goal of creating Africa free of cervical cancer is still one that requires significant effort.</p>","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"3-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11217789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Ethiopian National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (E-NITAG): Establishment, Achievements and the Future.","authors":"Yemane Berhane, Telahun Teka, Meseret Zelalem, Yohannes Lakew, Amha Mekasha, Bogale Worku, Genet G/Medhin, Liya Wassie, Liya Wondwossen, Mulat Nigus, Samuel Teshome, Shiferaw Mitiku, Solomon Tessema Memirie, Teferi Fenta, Workeabeba Abebe, Yirgu Gebrehiwot","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i1.12","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i1.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The National Immunization Program (NIP) was introduced in Ethiopia in 1980. The NIP has expanded the number of vaccines from six to more than 14 in 2023. However, decisions on new vaccine introduction and other vaccine-related matters were not systematically deliberated nationally. Thus, the need to establish a national body to deliberate on vaccine and vaccination matters, in addition to the global immunization advisory groups, has been emphasized in the last decade. This article presents the establishment and achievements of the Ethiopian NITAG. The E-NITAG was established in 2016 and maintained its active role in providing recommendations for new vaccine introduction and improving the delivery of routine vaccines. The external assessment indicated the E-NITAG was highly functional and played a critical role in enhancing the vaccination practice in Ethiopia, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The absence of a dedicated secretariat staff was the major bottleneck to expanding the role of the E-NITAG beyond responding to MOH requests. The E-NITAG must be strengthened by establishing a secretariat that can eventually grow as an independent institution to address complex vaccine-related issues the NIP needs to address.</p>","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"105-109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11217792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Potential Mechanisms Behind Adverse Effect of Coronavirus Disease-19 on Heart and Liver Damage: A Review.","authors":"Tolessa Muleta Daba, Mulatu Mokonon, Elsa Niguse, Meron Getahun","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i1.10","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i1.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronaviruses (CoVs) belong to the RNA viruses family. The viruses in this family are known to cause mild respiratory disease in humans. The origin of the novel SARS-COV2 virus that caused the coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) is the Wuhan city in China from where it disseminated to cause a global pandemic. Although lungs are the predominant target organ for Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19), since its outbreak, the disease is known to affect heart, blood vessels, kidney, intestine, liver and brain. This review aimed to summarize the catastrophic impacts of Coronavirus disease-19 on heart and liver along with its mechanisms of pathogenesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The information used in this review was obtained from relevant articles published on PubMed, Google Scholar, Google, WHO website, CDC and other sources. Key searching statements and phrases related to COVID-19 were used to retrieve information. Original research articles, review papers, research letters and case reports were used as a source of information.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Besides causing severe lung injury, COVID-19 has also been reported to affect and cause dysfunction of many other organs. COVID-19 infection can affect people by downregulating membrane-bound active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). People who have deficient ACE2 expression are more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. The patients' pre-existing co-morbidities are major risk factors that predispose individuals to severe COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The disease severity and its broad spectrum phenotype is a result of combined direct and indirect pathogenic factors. Therefore, protocols that harmonize many therapeutic preferences should be the best alternatives to de-escalate the disease and obviate deaths caused as a result of multiple organ damage and dysfunction induced by the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"85-100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11217793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olajide Akinnibosun, Onyukwo Grace Abakpa, Adole John Ujoh, Dominic Agbo Oche, Suleiman Zakari, Doowuese Yandev, Peter Adikwu, Onyemowo Okewu David, Oludare Agboola, Simon Paul, Onyemocho Audu, Emmanuel Odu, Innocent Achanya O Ujah, Joseph Anejo-Okopi
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices among Women of Reproductive Age on Human Papillomavirus Infection, Cervical Cancer and Vaccination in Otukpo, Nigeria.","authors":"Olajide Akinnibosun, Onyukwo Grace Abakpa, Adole John Ujoh, Dominic Agbo Oche, Suleiman Zakari, Doowuese Yandev, Peter Adikwu, Onyemowo Okewu David, Oludare Agboola, Simon Paul, Onyemocho Audu, Emmanuel Odu, Innocent Achanya O Ujah, Joseph Anejo-Okopi","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i1.3","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of human papilloma virus (HPV) is a necessary measure in curtailing delayed diagnosis and poor control practices. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices vis-à-vis HPV infection, cervical cancer and vaccination among women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted at 15 selected health-care facilities in Otukpo metropolis and it involved 168 pregnant women. The data were collected using structured questionnaire, and analysed for descriptive and analytical statistics using Epi Data Version 3.1 and SPSS statistical package Version 21.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most of the respondents (75.0%) have heard of human papilloma virus and their information source were mostly the health-care providers. In total, 132(78.6%) agreed to take the vaccine if offered for free but 152(90.5%) stated that it is imperative to seek the opinion of health providers before vaccine uptake. However, only 27(16.1%) have undergone recommended checkup for human papilloma virus/cervical cancer and 23(13.7%) have taken at least a vaccine dose. Some respondents 66(39.3%) had good knowledge while 95(56.6%) demonstrated positive attitude. However, most respondents 161(95.8%) demonstrated poor practices.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is enormous need to improve HPV sensitization especially in women due to cervical cancer associated risks. Healthcare personnel are therefore encouraged to create more awareness on HPV infection and screening of cervical cancer (CC) via counseling sessions and communications tool like the new media. KAP approach is a critical tool towards successful CC screening and HPV control.</p>","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"15-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10867540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139899600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Patient Safety Domains in Primary Healthcare: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Hadi Kalantari, Pouran Raeissi, Aydin Aryankhesal, Seyyed Masoud Hashemi, Nahid Reisi","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i1.9","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i1.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Healthcare systems should ensure the provision of quality services to patients without harming them. However, the provision of services is occasionally accompanied by harm or complications, most of which are preventable. Most studies have focused on secondary healthcare rather than primary healthcare (PHC). Thus, this study aimed to identify various dimensions and components of patient safety in PHC worldwide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review study was conducted in November 2022 based on PRISMA reporting guidelines. Studies were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE and searched for English documents using the keywords \"patient safety\" and \"PHC\" from 2000 to 2022. Finally, two reviewers extracted the data independently and analyzed using thematic content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 23 out of the initially 4937 identified articles were selected for the final analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most of these studies used a qualitative-quantitative approach (61.9%, seven studies for both), and 64% had been conducted in European countries. Eventually, five dimensions and 22 components were identified for patient safety in PHC, including management measures, quality management, resources and technology, documents, and patient-related factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The patient safety dimensions and components identified in this research can help develop a clear definition of patient safety and its assessment standards and criteria in PHC. Considering that most previous studies on patient safety in PHC were conducted in European and developed countries, it is suggested that researchers conduct more studies in developing countries to fill this research gap.</p>","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"73-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11217791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radical Cure of <i>Plasmodium Vivax</i> Malaria: How can we Improve 8-Aminoquinoline Implementation?","authors":"Daniel Yilma","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i1.1","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11217799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141494780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Association between Intrahousehold Food Allocation Social Norms and Thinness among Young Adolescent Girls: A Community-Based Study.","authors":"Hanna Gulema, Meaza Demissie, Alemayehu Worku, Tesfaye Assebe Yadeta, Nebiyou Fasil, Yemane Berhane","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v33i6.4","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ejhs.v33i6.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inequalities in food allocation related to social norms among household members significantly affect the nutritional status and well-being of the vulnerable members of the household, such as adolescent girls. This study assesses the association between social norms related to intrahousehold food allocation and young adolescent girls' thinness.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study involved 1,083 pairs of mothers/caregivers and young adolescent girls. Data were collected using a structured and pretested questionnaire. Multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was employed to examine associations using STATA/SE V.14 statistical software. In addition, a stratified analysis was done to investigate the effect of social norms on thinness in food-secure and food-insecure households.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The overall prevalence of young adolescent girls' thinness was 15.70% (95% CI 13.52-17.86%). Young adolescent girls' thinness was associated with mothers'/caregivers' conformity to inequitable intrahousehold food allocation social norms in food-secure households [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.43, 95% CI: 1.14-1.80] but not in food-insecure households.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nearly 16% of adolescent girls were thin. Mothers/female caregivers conforming to inequitable intrahousehold food allocation social norms compromise the nutritional status of adolescent girls, particularly in food-secure households. The lack of statistically significant association in food-insecure households hints at the need to address inequality in food-secure households while addressing food shortage to improve the nutritional status of adolescents in low-income countries. We also recommend more studies in different sociocultural contexts to fully gather the evidence for adopting appropriate policies and practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"33 6","pages":"945-954"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11111270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141087179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Cefazolin Prophylaxis on Infection after Transureteral Lithotripsy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Mohammad Taheri, Ahmad Kameli, Ramin Haghighi","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v33i6.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v33i6.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transureteral lithotripsy (TUL) is one of the most common surgeries in urology, and many TUL procedures have been performed with antibiotics prophylaxis. The present study investigates the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on the rate of urinary infection after TUL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 158 patients with ureteral stones, with 79 in each group: the prophylaxis cefazolin group (Group A) and the placebo group (Group B). The patients were referred to Imam Hassan Hospital in Bojnurd, Iran. The standard technique of TUL operation was performed using a pneumatic lithoclast and a semirigid 9/8/Fr ureteroscope. The bacterial isolates were identified through growth on EMB agar and blood agar. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing (AST) was carried out by disc diffusion technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to our results, 157 patients were eligible for analysis; 79 patients in Group A and 78 patients in Group B. Flank pain and urinary complaints were the most common symptoms. Our findings indicate that cefazolin prophylaxis did not show any significant differences in preventing postoperative infection between the two groups. E. coli accounted for eight 10.1% (8/79) Group A and 9% (7/78) in Group B, respectively. The results of AST for the 15 E. coli strains revealed a high rate of antibiotic resistance against ampicillin (73.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that prophylactic antibiotic administration does not demonstrate effectiveness in reducing the infection rate following TUL surgery. Antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended considering the potential adverse effects, cost implications, risk of antibiotic resistance, and lack of efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"33 6","pages":"1055-1062"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11698473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}