{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.12987/9780300240542-fm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300240542-fm","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":119682,"journal":{"name":"The Politics of Empire at the Accession of George III","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133639071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Plassey Revolution in Bengal and the Company’s Civil War in Britain","authors":"J. Vaughn","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvbnm3c0.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvbnm3c0.8","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter first discusses the events leading up to and following the “Plassey Revolution” of 1757, which shifted the balance of power in Bengal heavily in favor of the East India Company (EIC). In the aftermath of Plassey, the Calcutta council and Robert Clive, the leader of EIC troops, sought to transform the EIC's newly won political and military advantages in Bengal into a durable supremacy. Acting as the de facto governor of the British settlement, Clive oversaw the fortification and militarization of Calcutta as well as the Company's upcountry trading stations. Clive governed the EIC's Bengal presidency for two years after Plassey. During that period, he not only transformed the Nawab into a financial and military dependent of the Company but also curbed French and Dutch power in northeastern India.","PeriodicalId":119682,"journal":{"name":"The Politics of Empire at the Accession of George III","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129200259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Author’s Note","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvbnm3c0.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvbnm3c0.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":119682,"journal":{"name":"The Politics of Empire at the Accession of George III","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117031643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acknowledgments","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvbnm3c0.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvbnm3c0.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":119682,"journal":{"name":"The Politics of Empire at the Accession of George III","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123053945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Author’s Note","authors":"A. Maley, P. Prowse","doi":"10.1017/CBO9781139150033.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139150033.021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":119682,"journal":{"name":"The Politics of Empire at the Accession of George III","volume":"335 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115463011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The First British Empire, the Whig Supremacy, and the East India Company","authors":"J. Vaughn","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvbnm3c0.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvbnm3c0.6","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the efforts to transform the political economy of England's imperial expansion during the Commonwealth (1649–1653). The architects of the Commonwealth's new imperial political economy were principally drawn from the worlds of unregulated Atlantic trading and East Indian interloping. In alliance with elements of the landed elite and middling social strata in London, these new merchant groupings helped to shift England's centralized territorial state away from an essentially extractive relationship with overseas commercial and colonial expansion—whereby the state attempted to “arbitrarily” raise revenues from such expansion—toward a new relationship in which the state was fully committed to providing the public infrastructure and military protection necessary for the unlimited flow of English trade, shipping, and investment across the globe.","PeriodicalId":119682,"journal":{"name":"The Politics of Empire at the Accession of George III","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126911101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The New Toryism and the Imperial Reaction at the Accession of George III","authors":"J. Vaughn","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvbnm3c0.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvbnm3c0.10","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on the conservative reaction to the emergence of radical Whiggism in the 1750s and 1760s —termed the New Toryism—that developed during the 1760s and early 1770s. What was the character of the New Toryism? How and why did it transform British overseas expansion as a whole, from the colonies of North America and the West Indies to the trading settlements of South Asia? Before examining in detail the rise and development of the New Toryism during the early reign of King George III and the shift it led to in Britain's imperial expansion, it first settles accounts with the Namierite interpretation that has remained prominent for over six decades in the historiography on the politics of empire during the 1760s and 1770s.","PeriodicalId":119682,"journal":{"name":"The Politics of Empire at the Accession of George III","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134093244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clive’s Conquest of East India House and the Company’s Conquest of Bengal","authors":"J. Vaughn","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvbnm3c0.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvbnm3c0.9","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses how Robert Clive managed not only to undo Laurence Sulivan's supremacy at East India House but also to be returned to Bengal with extraordinary civilian and military powers. This dramatic reversal of fortune was not the result of Clive's fortitude but rather of the convergence of four major sociopolitical developments in late 1763 and early 1764. Taken together, these four developments—metropolitan, pan-imperial, and South Asian in scope—seemed to portend the unraveling of Britain's political order and imperial state. The Baron of Plassey emerged as the military guarantor of the British Empire in the face of the anarchic, destabilizing forces that threatened it on all sides.","PeriodicalId":119682,"journal":{"name":"The Politics of Empire at the Accession of George III","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125702100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Triumph of the New Toryism and the Spirit of the Second British Empire","authors":"J. Vaughn","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvbnm3c0.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvbnm3c0.11","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter details events that occurred between the 1760s and 1770s. During this period, the oligarchic order largely supported the New Tory imperialism, which laid down the foundations of the Second British Empire. However, this general trend was briefly interrupted in July 1766 with the formation of the Chatham administration. William Pitt, now the Earl of Chatham, regained power and set out to create a national unity government similar to the one he had led with the Duke of Newcastle in the late 1750s. The radicals allied with the Chatham ministry advocated a range of measures designed to transform the oligarchic order and the British Empire. While the New Tories were committed to preserving the unreformed and landed parliamentary state and consolidating an autocratic and tributary empire in North America and South Asia, radical Whigs wanted to reform the parliamentary political order and to expand Britain's maritime “empire of liberty.”","PeriodicalId":119682,"journal":{"name":"The Politics of Empire at the Accession of George III","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130017968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epilogue","authors":"J. Vaughn","doi":"10.12987/yale/9780300208269.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300208269.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes The Abbé Raynal's A Philosophical and Political History of the Settlements and Trade of the Europeans in the East and West Indies, one of the Enlightenment treatises that blazed like a comet across the night sky of the ancient régime. Widely translated and published, twenty official and fifty illegal editions produced between 1770 and 1796. While the Philosophical History was a bestseller throughout the Atlantic world, it was particularly widely discussed and debated in Britain and its empire. The work was the most detailed and critical examination to date of European overseas expansion, and it was avidly read in Britain—where it most famously influenced Adam Smith while he was in the final stages of composing An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations.","PeriodicalId":119682,"journal":{"name":"The Politics of Empire at the Accession of George III","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131736887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}