Diabetes Food Plan最新文献

{"title":"Antidiabetic and Safety Properties of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Corchorus olitorius in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats","authors":"Arise Rotimi Olusanya, Bankole S. Ifeoluwa, A. Jumoke, Bobbo Khadijat","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.71529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.71529","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is a major metabolic disease of global concern. Ethanolic extract of Corchorus olitorius leaf was investigated for antidiabetic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. A total of thirty-six albino rats ( Rattus norvegicus ) with body weight 150.50 (cid:1) 10.50 g were randomly selected into six groups (A – F). Group A animals were non-diabetic and received 0.5 mL distilled water, groups B, C, D, E and F were made diabetic by admin- istration of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg, body weight i.p). Group B was diabetic untreated, group C was diabetic and treated with glibenclamide, while groups D, E and F received the ethanolic extract of C. olitorius leaf at a dose of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg body weight respectively. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phlobatannin anthraquinones, phenol and cardiac glycoside and saponin. The blood glucose of the alloxanized rats after 72 hours which ranged from 17.30 – 25.33 mmol/L were significantly (p < 0.05) and progressively reduced in treated groups which compared favorably with the standard drug group. The signifi- cantly (p < 0.05) elevated levels of serum and liver bilirubin (direct and total), transaminases (AST and ALT), alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, as well as reduced levels of total protein, globulin, albumin and HDL-C in the diabetic untreated rats were normalized upon treatment with ethanolic extract of C. olitorius leaf. These results suggest that the ethanolic extract of C. olitorius leaf possesses antihyperglycemic property with no major side effect hence it could be considered safe for the management of diabetes.","PeriodicalId":119262,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Food Plan","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126972441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Microbiome and the Epigenetics of Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Lissé Angarita Dávila, V. B. Pirela, Waldo A Díaz, N. Villasmil, Silvana Cisternas León, Ma Cristina EscobarContreras, Kristian Buhring Bonacich, Samuel Durán Agüero, P. Vergara, Rodrigo Buhring Bonacich, Constanza Bugman, Virginia Céspedes, Marcell Gatica, Marion Guerrero Wyss, Jorge Enrique González Casanova, F. Valdebenito","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76201","url":null,"abstract":"Gut microbiota (GM) in the epigenetic mechanisms of diabetes mellitus and the reprogramming of the cells is a novel and emerging concept. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the modification of the GM and its relation with DM2. The increased risk of this disease is associated with changes in the amount of Bacteroides/Clostridium in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of people having DM. A dysbiosis state associated generates low-grade inflammation with similar characteristics that occur under metabolic syndrome, whose pattern is recognized by Toll-like receptor that recognizes important patterns of immunity. The synthesis of butyrate generated by intestinal microorganisms inhibits the metabolic pathway of histone deacetylase, promoting cellular differentiation, proliferation, and insulin resistance. On the other hand, the direct relationship between the neuroendocrine system and the GM has been demonstrated through the production of serotonin by enterochromaffin cells, whose action could influence the etiopathogenic factors of DM2.","PeriodicalId":119262,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Food Plan","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122318003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introductory Chapter: The Need for Dietary Interventions for Diabetes","authors":"V. Waisundara","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72897","url":null,"abstract":"Noncommunicable diseases pose a significant challenge to most of the high-income and lowincome countries, with growing numbers of people experiencing the health and economic burden of one or more chronic disease conditions. As such, the incidence of diabetes has been on the rise worldwide. The disease may be associated with the poor quality of life and the risk of developing long-term comorbidities and a higher standard rate of mortality. Healthcare professionals are burdened with the task of motivating patients to follow appropriate dietary and exercise guidelines as well as to take insulin injections to improve the regulation of diabetes, and thereby prevent the occurrence of diabetic microand macrovascular complications. At present, various interventions are being discussed on an authoritative and regimental level, such as diet, exercise, and even environmental changes.","PeriodicalId":119262,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Food Plan","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123521445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat (LCHF) Diet: Evidence of Its Benefits","authors":"P. De, Sagnik Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73138","url":null,"abstract":"Current dietary recommendations state that there is insufficient evidence to prescribe an exact percentage of calories from carbohydrate, protein and fat for people with diabetes from the choice of a variety of popular diets currently available. Over the years, many a research has focused on the relative importance of the right propor tion of carbohydrates and fat combination in a balanced diabetic diet. Jury is still out regarding the relative merits and demerits of a diabetic diet – low carbohydrate, high fat or low fat, high carbohydrate diet. Evidence from various studies suggest that low carbohydrate diets improve cardiovascular (CVD) risk through lowering HbA1c levels, improving blood pressure and body weight. There is also a positive effect on lipid profile and reversal of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Whilst there are some significant metabolic benefits of LCHF diet, it is accepted that there needs to be more long-term studies before it can be used in daily clinical practice.This chapter focuses on basic physiology and metabolism of carbohydrate and fat content in normal and diabetic patients and a review of the literature on these two diet combinations with current thoughts and evidence on this core issue affecting insulin utilization and metabolic profile.","PeriodicalId":119262,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Food Plan","volume":"539 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116247351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Savior of Diabetes: Antioxidants","authors":"Z. C. Thent, A. Latiff","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.71748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.71748","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":119262,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Food Plan","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132948298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise and Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"A. Gelaw","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.71392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.71392","url":null,"abstract":"In the past 20 years, the magnitude of diabetes has increased dramatically in many parts of the world and the disease is now a worldwide community health problem. Diabetes mellitus is associated with numerous systemic complications that affect the retina, heart, brain, kidneys and nerves. Abnormal/reduced sensation, diminished reflexes, decreased proprioception and reduced muscle strength in lower limbs leads to balance and functional problems in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Evidences strongly support that physiotherapists play a significant role in the prevention, treatment and management of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. Physiotherapy management techniques and rehabilitation interventions, including exercise prescription and education will help to facilitate patient participation in programs that improve and maintain physical well-being which has a significant impact on their activities of daily living and health-related quality of life (HRQOL).","PeriodicalId":119262,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Food Plan","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115069881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Glycaemic Control on Cognitive Function in Diabetic Children and Adolescents","authors":"E. Castillo, A. Nieto-Ruíz, M. Escudero-Marín, C. Campoy","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75562","url":null,"abstract":"According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), the number of people with diabetes has risen to 422 million in 2014. Poorly managed diabetes leads to chronic hyper and/or hypoglycaemia, which are associated with neurological complications in type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the primary target of diabetic treatment is to achieve a good glycaemic control (GC). In this chapter, we reviewed studies pub- lished up to September 2017 about GC and cognitive development in diabetic children and adolescents, as well as the nutritional approaches used for the management of diabe- tes in childhood, focusing on low glycaemic index (GI) diets. According to different stud ies, low GI diets effectively improve GC, which may reduce the risk of diabetes-related complications, such as cognitive dysfunction; however, the evidence is not sufficiently robust and the results are inconclusive. Despite the fact that, low GI diets are consis- tent with healthy eating recommendations and should be encouraged in the prevention and nutritional management of diabetes. Further research is needed in diabetic children and adolescents at risk, especially well-designed long-term randomised controlled trials, with larger sample size, to determine the true value of low GI diets on long-term GC and diabetes prevention and management.","PeriodicalId":119262,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Food Plan","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116466994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Insights into Alleviating Diabetes Mellitus: Role of Gut Microbiota and a Nutrigenomic Approach","authors":"Lissé Angarita Dávila, V. B. Pirela, N. Villasmil, Silvana Cisternas, Waldo A Díaz, M. C. Escobar, P. Carrasco, S. Durán, K. Buhring, R. Buhring, Constanza Bugman, Virginia Céspedes, Marcell Gatica, D. Rojas, Marion Guerrero Wyss, F. Valdebenito","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76202","url":null,"abstract":"The scientific literature has shown that diet is able to modify the gut microbiota and contribute to obesity and diabetes development. This process — characterized by inflammation and gut barrier disruption — can affect the immune system and alter the adipogenesis and insulin resistance. This chapter describes the advances in nutrigenomics and Human Intestinal Microbiota (HIM) modification, and its relation with diabetes mellitus type two (DM2). In context where health and feeding are the main concerns of the human being, food innovation takes a special interest to people that look for a healthy diet or demand a functional aliments, such as nutraceutical. Some products derived from diet and interaction with HIM module the expression of many genes on the host, the so-called epigenome, with favorable effects. Novel functional fiber like low-glycemic oligosaccharides and sweeteners shows a potential prebiotic activity giving a new focus of nutritional guidelines for control and prevention of DM2. The use of prebiotics derived from functional fiber sources, such as fructo-oligosaccharides and beta-glucans as well as lignin and keffir, can contribute to the development of a healthy HIM by promoting the growth of specific bacteria, some of them associated with the prevention of obesity and diabetes. sucralose, saccharin and acesulfame-K have been found to modify the balance of the HIM, either by decreasing or increasing the number of Bacteroidetes. as possible hypoglycemic and probiotic effects. Finally, the new information presented in this chapter allows us to map out the near future where the integration of nutrigenomics and nutritional treatment focused on the microbiota modification will be plausible. Futhermore, the use of bioactive compounds that alter gene expression and/or affects immunity of pancreatic beta cells represent a projection toward the treatment and/or prevention of DM2.","PeriodicalId":119262,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Food Plan","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127123075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Nutrition Therapy for Special Groups with Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"M. Kizilgul, M. Mermer, B. Uçan","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.70815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.70815","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing worldwide. Medical nutri- tion therapy increases the success of diabetes treatment and provides an appropriate glycemic control that decreases diabetes complications. The requirement of energy and nutritional elements may differ according to specific conditions including age, the presence of pregnancy, or comorbidities. Therefore, these specific conditions should be taken into account in the planning of medical nutrition therapy. Ensuring continuity of children and young growth and development, providing requirements based on comorbidities and physiological alterations in older adults, and protec-tion of fetal development and maternal glycemic and nutrient balance in pregnancy should be aimed in the determination of energy and nutritional elements requirements. Here, we will discuss the medical nutrition therapy in special groups with diabetes mellitus. placental insulinase","PeriodicalId":119262,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Food Plan","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130798986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Recommendations for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes","authors":"V. Cristina","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.71391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.71391","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular disease remains the main cause of death and disability among patients suffering from diabetes mellitus. All forms of diabetes are characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and the development of diabetes-specific macrovascular disease affect - ing the coronary arteries that supply the heart. Healthy diet plays an important role in the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. The informa - tion in this chapter is divided into the following sections: mechanisms by which diabetes increases cardiovascular disease, the relationship between diet and disease, the poten- tial of foods in preventing cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and dietary items and patterns.","PeriodicalId":119262,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Food Plan","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124151235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}