Environmental Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Identifying and explaining the barriers to organic agriculture development from the viewpoint of Jihad agricultural experts in Urmia","authors":"F. Kazemiyeh, Asma Eidi","doi":"10.52547/envs.2021.35814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/envs.2021.35814","url":null,"abstract":"2022. Identifying and explaining the barriers to organic agriculture development from the viewpoint of Jihad agricultural. 267-284. Results and discussion: The value of KMO for the set of barriers to organic farming development was 0.79. Therefore, the number of samples was suitable for factor analysis. Bartlett's test score was 3072.307, which was significant at the 1% level. Therefore, it can be concluded that the separation of factors was done correctly and the variables of each factor had a high root correlation with each other. According to the research results, the most important barriers to the development of organic agriculture, respectively, included: barriers to information and agricultural knowledge (lack of sufficient knowledge in the production of organic products), motivational and attitude barriers (lack of interest and resistance of farmers in accepting cultivation of organic products), economic barriers (lack of financial support to withstand the damages of the past), technical-managerial and supportive barriers (unfamiliarity with the techniques and methods of cultivation of organic products and lack of a single and specific trustee for organic products), barriers to use (excessive consumption of chemical fertilizers), and extension barriers (farmers' limited participation in extension and educational programs. Conclusion: Agricultural planners should be guided by solutions in the field of facilitating the export of organic agricultural products, supporting farmers in organic farming, and carrying out extension activities to use the existing capacities in the country. Agricultural research must be done on the use of organic and biological fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers. Special attention must be paid to organic agriculture in developing strategic plans for agricultural research and appropriate and separate pricing systems for organic products. Training and extension courses in organic farming for farmers and encouraging them to participate in these classes are also encouraged.","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85665392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Wildlife Management [Working Title]","authors":"","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.100943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100943","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74047459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine Pollution - Recent Developments [Working Title]","authors":"","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.100945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100945","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82755205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the effects of sludge discharge from water treatment plants to the municipal wastewater network and its effect on the wastewater treatment process","authors":"pouneh Abdolahi Salari, S. Fard Moradinia","doi":"10.52547/envs.2021.35737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/envs.2021.35737","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85593809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The adaptability of promising maize hybrids to environmental changes in different regions of Iran","authors":"H. Momeni, M. Shiri, E. Hervan, M. Khosroshahli","doi":"10.52547/ENVS.2021.33459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ENVS.2021.33459","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The sustainability of agricultural systems plays a key role in adapting to climate change. There is ample evidence that biodiversity can increase the stability of ecosystem processes by changing environmental conditions. Therefore, the effectiveness of breeding programs requires a correct understanding of the reaction of breeding cultivars to environments with different climatic and soil conditions. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the response of some new maize hybrids to divergent environmental conditions and determine their grain yield stability. \u0000Material and methods: This study was conducted with 16 maize hybrids using a randomized complete block design with three replications in six locations, during the 2017 cropping season. Considering significant differences for hybrid × environment (GxE) interaction, stability analyses were performed using AMMI and GGE-biplot methods to determine stable and high-yielding hybrids. \u0000Results and discussion: The results of the AMMI model showed that only the first two principal components of AMMI (AMMI1and AMMI2) were significant and described 68.53% of the variance of G×E interaction. Based on the results of statistics of the AMMI model (ASV and SPCA1), hybrids No. 16 (SC704) and 1 (KLM77002/3-1-1-1-1-1-1-3 × K18) were recognized as the most stable hybrids. Stability analysis by GGE biplot procedure explained 71.5% of grain yield variation due to two components of GGE. In addition, hybrids No. 16 and 1 were identified as superior and stable hybrids by the GGE biplot graphical method. \u0000Conclusion: Generally, results of grain yield and stability analyses showed that hybrids No. 16 and 1 with 12.76 and 11.72 t/ha yields, respectively, were better than other hybrids across environments for yield and stability with wide adaptation and thus can be cultivated in Iran. Also, biplot analysis of correlation among environments revealed that Kermanshah, Esfahan, and Shiraz, as well as and Moghan and Miyandoab were closer and similar in ranking, grouping, and assessing stability. Also, Kerman and Karaj regions were less similar to other regions in terms of hybrids discrimination. Considering the high discriminate power of hybrids in Shiraz, Miyandoab, Kerman, and Karaj environments, and in order to decrease the costs, it is recommended to conduct future trials in the aforementioned environments.","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76520949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive effects of nitrogen fertilizer sources and soil acidity on ammonia volatilization","authors":"Mostafa Behbouiehjozam, M. Karimi, A. Bostani","doi":"10.52547/envs.2021.33552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/envs.2021.33552","url":null,"abstract":"سابقه و هدف: اگرچه مصرف کودهای شیمیایی برای افزایش تولید در واحد سطح محصولات کشاورزی ضرورت داشته و سالانه در کشور حدود دو میلیون تن کودهای نیتروژنی مصرف می‌شود لیکن بخش زیادی از کودهای مصرفی جذب گیاه نشده (بیش‌از 80 درصد از کودهای مصرف شده در برخی از مزارع گندم کشور) و بصورت گاز از سطح خاک به اتمسفر وارد شده و موجب آلودگی هوا می‌گردد. بنابراین بررسی راهکارهای کاهش تصعید نیتروژن در بخش کشاورزی ضرورت داشته و تحقیق اخیر با هدف اندازه‌گیری میزان تصعید نیتروژن و تعیین مناسب‌ترین منبع کود نیتروژنی برای خاک‌های با اسیدیته مختلف کشور طراحی و اجرا گردید. مواد و روش‌ها: در مرحله اول نسبت به طراحی و ساخت دستگاه اندازه‌گیری تصعید نیتروژن اقدام گردید. خاک‌های با اسیدیته مختلف از موسسه تحقیقات چای کشور واقع در لاهیجان و همچنین ایستگاه تحقیقاتی مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری واقع در شهرستان اشکذر از توابع استان یزد تهیه گردید. سپس اثر پنج نوع کود نیتروژنی (سولفات آمونیوم، نیترات آمونیوم، اوره، اوره با پوشش گوگردی و نیترات پتاسیم) و سه سطح اسیدیته خاک (5/4، 5/6 و 88/7) بر میزان تصعید روزانه و تجمعی نیتروژن به مدت 22 روز بررسی شد. تیمارهای تحقیق در قالب طرح آماری بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طراحی و در مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری اجرا گردید. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که اسیدیته خاک و نوع کود نیتروژنی تاثیر معنی‌داری بر میزان تصعید نیتروژن و هدرروی آن دارند. بیش‌از 59 درصد از نیتروژن مصرفی از طریق کود سولفات آمونیوم در خاک با pH 88/7 بصورت گاز آمونیاک از دسترس گیاه خارج و موجب آلودگی هوا می‌گردد. این میزان برای کودهای نیترات آمونیوم و اوره به ترتیب معادل 49 درصد و برای اوره با پوشش گوگردی و نیترات پتاسیم به ترتیب معادل 6/7 و 018/0 درصد است. کمترین تصعید نیتروژن در تمامی سطوح اسیدیته خاک مربوط به کود نیترات پتاسیم بود. میزان تصعید نیتروژن از این کود در تمام سطوح pH خاک بسیار ناچیز و کمتر از 07/0 میلی‌گرم نیتروژن خالص در کل دوره آزمایش (22 روز) بود. همچنین نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد با کاهش pH خاک از 88/7 به 5/6 میزان کل نیتروژن تصعید شده در مورد کودهای سولفات و نیترات آمونیوم کاهش و به ترتیب از 15/227 و 82/189 به 39/2 و 99/0 میلی‌گرم نیتروژن خالص در کل دوره آزمایش (22 روز) کاهش یافت. میزان کل نیتروژن تصعید شده از کودهای سولفات و نیترات آمونیوم از خاک با pH معادل 5/4 به ترتیب معادل 51/2 و 33/1 میلی‌گرم نیتروژن خالص در کل دوره آزمایش (22 روز) بود. اگرچه با کاهش pH خاک از 88/7 به 5/4 میزان نیتروژن تصعید شده از 188 به 157 میلی‌گرم نیتروژن خالص در کل دوره آزمایش (22 روز) کاهش یافت اما با کاهش pH خاک از 88/7 به 5/4 میزان تصعید درمورد کود اوره با پوشش گوگردی از 2/29 به 05/87 میلی‌گرم نیتروژن در کل دوره آزمایش (22 روز) افزایش یافت. نتایج این تحقیق همچنین نشان داد که بیشترین سرعت تصعید نیتروژن به نوع کود و اسیدیته خاک بستگی داشت. بیشترین سرعت تصعید نیتروژن (75/50 میلی‌گرم نیتروژن در روز) مربوط به کود اوره بود که در خاک اسیدی (pH معادل 5/4) اتفاق افتاد. در خاک با pH معادل 5/6 نیز بیشترین سرعت تصعید نیتروژن مربوط به کود اوره و معادل 74/40 میلی‌گرم در روز بود. با افزایش pH خاک به 88/7 بیشترین تصعید روزانه متعلق به کود سولفات آمونیوم و معادل 03/46 میلی‌گرم در روز بود و پس از آن کودهای نیترات آمونیوم و اوره به ترتیب با تصعید روزانه 94/22 و 12/15 میلی‌گرم نیتروژن در جایگاه دوم و سوم قرار گر","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79475812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical methods for assessing the quality of sugarcane bagasse compost and improving the physicomechanical properties toward densification","authors":"Ehsan Sarlaki, M. Kianmehr, Marzieh Ghorbani","doi":"10.52547/envs.2021.1003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/envs.2021.1003","url":null,"abstract":"Analytical methods for assessing the quality of sugarcane bagasse compost and improving the physicomechanical properties toward densification. demonstrated by XRD analysis, so that with increasing the crystallinity index (from 62 up to 75), the crystalline regions of cellulose in SBCs remained unchanged, but the amorphous regions, which includes hemicellulose and lignin, was slightly decomposed. Changes in functional groups from FT-IR spectra demonstrated that the microbial-biological degradation of lipids and carbohydrates, as well as dissociation of lignin and polyphenols occurred in SBCs. From the DSC thermal curves, a glass transition temperature of 89.7 °C was obtained for SBCs, which due to the peak intensity at this point, the improved maturation and humification of SBCs are guaranteed. For both responses of specific energy consumption and bulk density of SBCs, a two-factor interaction (2FI) model with the highest correlation coefficient and the lowest standard deviation was proposed. The mesh opening size had the greatest effect among the parameters on the specific energy consumption and the bulk density. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the use of comprehensive analytical analyses for an accurate and comparative study between the final composted biomasses and the raw materials in terms of stability and maturity indicators, is practical and reliable. Optimization results from D-optimal design showed that under optimum conditions of moisture content of 8 %w.b, 1-mm mesh opening size and rotational speed 1400 rpm of hammer-attrition mill, a minimum amount of SEC (141.38 KJ/Kg), and the maximum amount of bulk density (209.62 kg/m 3 ) were introduced as optimum responses with the desirability function of 0.88.","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72949928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of desertification intensity based on quantitative and qualitative changes in groundwater and soil criteria using Madalus model and geostatistical methods","authors":"Abdalhossein Boali, Hamidreza Asgri, Ali Mohammadian Behbahani, A. Salmanmahiny, B. Naimi","doi":"10.52547/envs.2021.37277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/envs.2021.37277","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of desertification intensity based on quantitative and qualitative changes in groundwater and soil criteria using Madalus model and geostatistical methods. Environmental Sciences. 19(4): 85-106. of the officials and experts of the executive departments.Accordingly, it is proposed in order to control the process of desertification and achieve sustainable development in the region.treatment of industrial and domestic effluents for reuse for various purposes, Use of modern irrigation systems for agricultural lands, Placing low-yield crops in terms of water consumption in the region's crop rotation and As well as the necessary training to justify farmers to use pesticides and chemical fertilizers in the area.","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87820465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth Analysis of New Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Cultivars Affected by Planting Data and Nitrogen Fertilizer in Golestan","authors":"L. Saberpour, S. Soufizadeh, A. Mahdavi Damghani, J. Kambouzia, Ghorban Ghorbani Nasrabad","doi":"10.52547/envs.2021.23861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/envs.2021.23861","url":null,"abstract":". Growth analysis of new cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars affected by planting date and nitrogen fertilizer in Golestan. Environmental 19(4): 1-14. 160 kg ha -1 in first planting date. Among the cultivars, Golestan cultivar showed a better response to Latif cultivar at zero fertilizer level and 160 kg ha -1 nitrogen fertilizer. Conclusion: In general, first planting date (29 June) in comparison with the second planting date (12 July) caused higher DM production, LAI, RGR and vegetative growth and Golestan cultivar had better performance than Latif cultivar at 0 and 160 khNha -1 . The maximum RGR at these two-fertilizer level in Golestan cultivar was recorded at the first planting date which caused a significant difference for the time reaching maximum LAI.","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84443965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A system approach toward comprehensive analysis of the vulnerability of Yazd-Ardakan plain environment; challenges and solutions","authors":"V. Moosavi, M. Hayatzadeh, A. Karami, Nayereh Poormolaee","doi":"10.52547/envs.2021.1015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/envs.2021.1015","url":null,"abstract":"A system approach toward comprehensive analysis of the vulnerability of Yazd-Ardakan plain environment; challenges and solutions. Environmental 19 a holistic approach and tools such as DPSIR. It will lead to better finding the roots of the problems and offering appropriate policy strategies.","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84876336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}