Environmental Sciences Proceedings最新文献

{"title":"IAQ Improvement by Smart Ventilation Combined with Geothermal Renewable Energy at nZEB","authors":"J. Rey-Hernández, A. Tejero‐González, E. Velasco-Gómez, J. F. S. José-Alonso, F. Rey-Martínez, Paula M. Esquivias","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021009007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009007","url":null,"abstract":"The building sector has the responsibility of being a generator of high carbon emissions, due to inefficient energy consumption in the last decades. For the European Union (EU) and the building sector, this pollution has generated a great impact and concern, establishing objectives in sustainability and energy efficiency in the short term. The EU, committed to energy sustainability, has established several guidelines, aiming at reducing carbon emissions. For this reason, European directives have been published to increase energy efficiency and sustainability in buildings, with EPBD 2018/844/EU being the most up-to-date regulation. This directive mainly focuses on reducing carbon emissions and increasing the efficiency of energy systems in buildings, but it also refers to the importance of establishing indoor air quality indices and smart management of ventilation systems. Before this directive was published, many of the implemented ventilation strategies did not consider the indoor air quality (IAQ) in their scope of established comfort parameters. Therefore, this study analyses the performance of the ventilation system, controlled smartly to cover the demand and the established IAQ rates via CO2 ppm, through renewable geothermal energy systems. This study has been carried out at the LUCIA building, a near Zero Energy Building (nZEB), which belongs to the University of Valladolid, Spain. This building stands out for being one of the most sustainable buildings in the world, according to LEED certification, ranking as the most sustainable building in the northern hemisphere. This building to study is equipped with cutting-edge energy systems, with zero carbon emissions. Several parameters have been analysed (air speed, enthalpy, air flow, temperature, humidity, kWh, climate data, etc.) enabling an energy optimisation of the combined systems. All the monitoring data obtained by the smart management have been analysed, providing favourable outcomes, due to the establishment of IAQ levels, according to the EPBD 2018/844/EU. After this study, the smart management of ventilation combined with removable geothermal energy can be exported as a strategy to reach the established IAQ levels through zero carbon systems.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84312581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compare the Levels of Use of Activated Carbons for Water Treatment and Biogas Purification as Well as Their Reactive Abilities","authors":"Łukasz Winconek, K. Ignatowicz","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021009008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009008","url":null,"abstract":"The conducted research concerned a comparison of the levels of use of activated carbons purifying water and biogas, and their reactivation capacity. The process of reactivation of both activated carbons was carried out using laboratory kiln. Reactivation was carried out in identical conditions for both tested samples. The obtained results proved that both activated carbons can be regenerated although they differ significantly in degree of use. It was proven that the technological process, the degree of contamination, and the contact time of activated carbon with the medium have a significant impact on the quality, speed, and success of the reactivation process.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89573648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic and Conventional Food—Selected Properties","authors":"Kinga Koziak, Paweł Cwalina, E. Bagińska, M. Krasowska","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021009009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009009","url":null,"abstract":"This paper defines the concept of organic and conventional agriculture and presents the differences in the quality of produced food resulting from the farming system. The test materials were the same groups of food products from certified organic and conventional production. As a result, the dry matter content, water activity and the content of potassium, iron, copper, manganese and lead were compared. The obtained results showed that food from organic farming is characterized by higher dry matter content and lower water activity. Conventional products are characterized by higher content of the examined elements, which is due to, among others, geochemical background, the use of mineral fertilizers, and the development of industry and transport. Ecological management influences the increase in the quality of consumed food by limiting the migration of nutrients and other pollutants to the environment.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79445432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface: Proceedings of ArcheoFOSS XIII Workshop—Open Software, Hardware, Processes, Data and Formats in Archaeological Research","authors":"S. Barsanti, S. Malatesta, Augusto Palombini","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021010005","url":null,"abstract":"The meaning of an “open” approach in archaeology today probably implies many different, disconnected and even contrasting activities [...]","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80108459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P.A.S.T. in Coast Project: A Tool for the Research and Enhancement of Prehistoric Archaeology on the Amalfi Coast","authors":"L. Bianco, C. A. Livadie, S. Malatesta","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021010003","url":null,"abstract":"The archaeological complex of the Amalfi Coast represents a sector of great development capacity within an area defined as a UNESCO World Heritage site on the basis of the typical stratified cultural landscape. The project presented in this report acts in a specific field of archaeology, prehistoric and protohistoric, of which there are many examples in the Amalfi Coast, even if they are not always clearly legible, and focuses on the analysis of old data, on the acquisition of new information and on their processing through an open-source GIS database. The project seeks results on two different levels: the purely scientific and the more sociocultural.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89092838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Performance Optimization in a Condensing Boiler","authors":"Diego Fernández-Cheliz, E. Velasco-Gómez, Juan Peral-Andrés, A. Tejero‐González","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021009006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009006","url":null,"abstract":"In Europe, primary energy consumption in buildings accounts for up to 25–40%, depending on the climate conditions. Space heating and Domestic Hot Water (DHW) contribute significantly to this energy consumption. Among the most common sources for heat generation in these appliances is natural gas. Condensing boilers can surpass the 100% energy performance over the lower heating value, if the operating conditions enable the water vapor in the exhaust gases to condensate. Consequently, optimizing the operating parameters of condensing boilers is necessary to decrease fuel consumption without hindering water heating needs. The present work presents an experimental approach to the operating parameters of a condensing boiler that works with natural gas. The aim is to develop a theoretical model that relates the energy performance to the water temperature set by the final user and the excess air set by the maintenance staff.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90454447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Efficiency of Solar Collectors in Terms of the Working Medium—Review of Selected Technical Solutions","authors":"P. Zielinko, D. Krawczyk","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021009005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009005","url":null,"abstract":"In Poland, the most commonly used solar fluid in heating installations with solar collectors are 35–50% water propylene glycol solutions or ethyl. These mixtures (with ennobling additives) effectively protect the solar installation against the effects of freezing of the working medium at low outside temperatures prevailing in winter. These solutions, compared to water, are characterized by higher viscosity and lower values of the specific heat in the range of typical working temperatures of the working fluid in the solar circuit, have a higher price per unit volume, and may cause poisoning due to accidental ingestion. It is possible in solar installations operating also in winter use of water only, without the addition of glycols, but then equipment is necessary the automatic control system controlling the installation with the protection function of anti-freeze. The aim of this study is to review selected examples of solar installations in which water was used as the solar fluid, proving the disadvantage of using glycol.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91399276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geomorphological Analysis in an Open-Source GIS for a Context of Peri-Urban Archaeology: The Medieval Settlement of San Lorenzo in Carmignano (Foggia, Italy)","authors":"Luca d’Altilia, P. Favia","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021010002","url":null,"abstract":"The archaeological investigations conducted at the medieval site of San Lorenzo in Carmignano, just outside the city of Foggia, Italy, fall within a broader context of archaeological research on earthworks in the Middle Ages, in the area of the Tavoliere plain. The settlement is attested as a casale since 1092, in 1166 it was classified as a castrum, until the Late Medieval abandonment. Evident traces of ditches and embankments, over an area of over 25 ha, were already visible in the aerial photos, taken during the Second World War by British military aircrafts and analysed by J. Bradford. Since 2005, stratigraphic excavations have been undertaken by the Department of Humanities of the University of Foggia and, more recently, it has been possible to obtain satellite images and high-resolution digital models of the land from satellite data, orienting research on the analysis of micro-relief, aimed at finding the traces relating to the earth fortifications still perceptible on the site. The integration between the data obtained from modern satellite images and those returned by the pioneering archaeological aerial photography of the 40 s of the last century allowed to shed new light on a relevant settlement in the context of the landscape and medieval population of northern Puglia.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":"90 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91454933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of PAHs from Road Drainage System by Ultrasonication","authors":"Jakub Copik, E. Kudlek, M. Dudziak","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021009004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009004","url":null,"abstract":"The articles reveal the removal effectiveness of 7 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which were recognized in water from a highway drainage system by using the ultrasound treatment process. Results showed that after 45 min of sonication, the average removal of PAHs reached 59%. The reduction of analyzed substances was proportional to treated time and irradiation amplitude. Furthermore, as a consequence of ozone addition to the sonicated samples, the efficiency of the treatment was significantly higher.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79043154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Python Script for Geometric Interval Classification in QGIS: A Useful Tool for Archaeologists","authors":"Denis Francisci","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021010001","url":null,"abstract":"Graduated colour maps, created through the mathematical classification of quantitative variables, are frequently used in archaeology. A Python script for implementing a classification method based on geometric intervals in QGIS is presented here. This method is more suitable than the standard methods in case the quantitative attribute to be classified follows a right-skewed distribution, which is common among archaeological data. After an overview of the main classification methods, this paper focuses on the benefits of the geometric interval subdivision scheme, describes the technical features of the script and demonstrates how it works. A final thought on the advantages of using FLOSS is proposed.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88638434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}