Eukaryotic Cell最新文献_第2页

Characterization of a Novel Prevacuolar Compartment in Neurospora crassa. 粗神经孢子虫一种新的孔前腔室的特征。

Eukaryotic Cell Pub Date : 2015-12-01 Epub Date: 2015-10-09 DOI: 10.1128/EC.00128-15

Barry J Bowman, Marija Draskovic, Robert R Schnittker, Tarik El-Mellouki, Michael D Plamann, Eddy Sánchez-León, Meritxell Riquelme, Emma Jean Bowman

{"title":"Characterization of a Novel Prevacuolar Compartment in Neurospora crassa.","authors":"Barry J Bowman, Marija Draskovic, Robert R Schnittker, Tarik El-Mellouki, Michael D Plamann, Eddy Sánchez-León, Meritxell Riquelme, Emma Jean Bowman","doi":"10.1128/EC.00128-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.00128-15","url":null,"abstract":"Using confocal microscopy, we observed ring-like organelles, similar in size to nuclei, in the hyphal tip of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. These organelles contained a subset of vacuolar proteins. We hypothesize that they are novel prevacuolar compartments (PVCs). We examined the locations of several vacuolar enzymes and of fluorescent compounds that target the vacuole. Vacuolar membrane proteins, such as the vacuolar ATPase (VMA-1) and the polyphosphate polymerase (VTC-4), were observed in the PVCs. A pigment produced by adenine auxotrophs, used to visualize vacuoles, also accumulated in PVCs. Soluble enzymes of the vacuolar lumen, alkaline phosphatase and carboxypeptidase Y, were not observed in PVCs. The fluorescent molecule Oregon Green 488 carboxylic acid diacetate, succinimidyl ester (carboxy-DFFDA) accumulated in vacuoles and in a subset of PVCs, suggesting maturation of PVCs from the tip to distal regions. Three of the nine Rab GTPases in N. crassa, RAB-2, RAB-4, and RAB-7, localized to the PVCs. RAB-2 and RAB-4, which have similar amino acid sequences, are present in filamentous fungi but not in yeasts, and no function has previously been reported for these Rab GTPases in fungi. PVCs are highly pleomorphic, producing tubular projections that subsequently become detached. Dynein and dynactin formed globular clusters enclosed inside the lumen of PVCs. The size, structure, dynamic behavior, and protein composition of the PVCs appear to be significantly different from those of the well-studied prevacuolar compartment of yeasts. ","PeriodicalId":11891,"journal":{"name":"Eukaryotic Cell","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1128/EC.00128-15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34077161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Comparison of Switching and Biofilm Formation between MTL-Homozygous Strains of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis. 白色念珠菌与都柏林念珠菌mtl纯合菌株的切换和生物膜形成比较。

Eukaryotic Cell Pub Date : 2015-12-01 Epub Date: 2015-10-02 DOI: 10.1128/EC.00146-15

Claude Pujol, Karla J Daniels, David R Soll

{"title":"Comparison of Switching and Biofilm Formation between MTL-Homozygous Strains of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis.","authors":"Claude Pujol, Karla J Daniels, David R Soll","doi":"10.1128/EC.00146-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.00146-15","url":null,"abstract":"Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis are highly related species that share the same main developmental programs. In C. albicans, it has been demonstrated that the biofilms formed by strains heterozygous and homozygous at the mating type locus (MTL) differ functionally, but studies rarely identify the MTL configuration. This becomes a particular problem in studies of C. dubliniensis, given that one-third of natural strains are MTL homozygous. For that reason, we have analyzed MTL-homozygous strains of C. dubliniensis for their capacity to switch from white to opaque, the stability of the opaque phenotype, CO2 induction of switching, pheromone induction of adhesion, the effects of minority opaque cells on biofilm thickness and dry weight, and biofilm architecture in comparison with C. albicans. Our results reveal that C. dubliniensis strains switch to opaque at lower average frequencies, exhibit a far lower level of opaque phase stability, are not stimulated to switch by high CO2, exhibit more variability in biofilm architecture, and most notably, form mature biofilms composed predominately of pseudohyphae rather than true hyphae. Therefore, while several traits of MTL-homozygous strains of C. dubliniensis appear to be degenerating or have been lost, others, most notably several related to biofilm formation, have been conserved. Within this context, the possibility is considered that C. dubliniensis is transitioning from a hypha-dominated to a pseudohypha-dominated biofilm and that aspects of C. dubliniensis colonization may provide insights into the selective pressures that are involved. ","PeriodicalId":11891,"journal":{"name":"Eukaryotic Cell","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1128/EC.00146-15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34056644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Is Dependent on Vesicular Traffic between the Golgi Apparatus and the Vacuole When Inositolphosphorylceramide Synthase Aur1 Is Inactivated. 当肌醇磷酸化神经酰胺合成酶Aur1失活时，酿酒酵母依赖高尔基体和液泡之间的囊泡运输。

Eukaryotic Cell Pub Date : 2015-12-01 Epub Date: 2015-10-02 DOI: 10.1128/EC.00117-15

Natalia S Voynova, Carole Roubaty, Hector M Vazquez, Shamroop K Mallela, Christer S Ejsing, Andreas Conzelmann

{"title":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae Is Dependent on Vesicular Traffic between the Golgi Apparatus and the Vacuole When Inositolphosphorylceramide Synthase Aur1 Is Inactivated.","authors":"Natalia S Voynova, Carole Roubaty, Hector M Vazquez, Shamroop K Mallela, Christer S Ejsing, Andreas Conzelmann","doi":"10.1128/EC.00117-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.00117-15","url":null,"abstract":"Inositolphosphorylceramide (IPC) and its mannosylated derivatives are the only complex sphingolipids of yeast. Their synthesis can be reduced by aureobasidin A (AbA), which specifically inhibits the IPC synthase Aur1. AbA reportedly, by diminishing IPC levels, causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, an increase in cytosolic calcium, reactive oxygen production, and mitochondrial damage leading to apoptosis. We found that when Aur1 is gradually depleted by transcriptional downregulation, the accumulation of ceramides becomes a major hindrance to cell survival. Overexpression of the alkaline ceramidase YPC1 rescues cells under this condition. We established hydroxylated C26 fatty acids as a reliable hallmark of ceramide hydrolysis. Such hydrolysis occurs only when YPC1 is overexpressed. In contrast, overexpression of YPC1 has no beneficial effect when Aur1 is acutely repressed by AbA. A high-throughput genetic screen revealed that vesicle-mediated transport between Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and vacuole becomes crucial for survival when Aur1 is repressed, irrespective of the mode of repression. In addition, vacuolar acidification becomes essential when cells are acutely stressed by AbA, and quinacrine uptake into vacuoles shows that AbA activates vacuolar acidification. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine does not improve cell growth on AbA, indicating that reactive oxygen radicals induced by AbA play a minor role in its toxicity. AbA strongly induces the cell wall integrity pathway, but osmotic support does not improve the viability of wild-type cells on AbA. Altogether, the data support and refine current models of AbA-mediated cell death and add vacuolar protein transport and acidification as novel critical elements of stress resistance. ","PeriodicalId":11891,"journal":{"name":"Eukaryotic Cell","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1128/EC.00117-15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34056645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Functional Analysis of the Exocyst Subunit Sec15 in Candida albicans. 白色念珠菌胞囊Sec15亚基的功能分析。

Eukaryotic Cell Pub Date : 2015-12-01 Epub Date: 2015-10-09 DOI: 10.1128/EC.00147-15

Alba A Chavez-Dozal, Stella M Bernardo, Hallie S Rane, Samuel A Lee

{"title":"Functional Analysis of the Exocyst Subunit Sec15 in Candida albicans.","authors":"Alba A Chavez-Dozal, Stella M Bernardo, Hallie S Rane, Samuel A Lee","doi":"10.1128/EC.00147-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.00147-15","url":null,"abstract":"In prior studies of exocyst-mediated late secretion in Candida albicans, we have determined that Sec6 contributes to cell wall integrity, secretion, and filamentation. A conditional mutant lacking SEC6 expression exhibits markedly reduced lateral hyphal branching. In addition, lack of the related t-SNAREs Sso2 and Sec9 also leads to defects in secretion and filamentation. To further understand the role of the exocyst in the fundamental processes of polarized secretion and filamentation in C. albicans, we studied the exocyst subunit Sec15. Since Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEC15 is essential for viability, we generated a C. albicans conditional mutant strain in which SEC15 was placed under the control of a tetracycline-regulated promoter. In the repressed state, cell death occurred after 5 h in the tetR-SEC15 strain. Prior to this time point, the tetR-SEC15 mutant was markedly defective in Sap and lipase secretion and demonstrated increased sensitivity to Zymolyase and chitinase. Notably, tetR-SEC15 mutant hyphae were characterized by a hyperbranching phenotype, in direct contrast to strain tetR-SEC6, which had minimal lateral branching. We further studied the localization of the Spitzenkörper, polarisomes, and exocysts in the tetR-SEC15 and tetR-SEC6 mutants during filamentation. Mlc1-GFP (marking the Spitzenkörper), Spa2-GFP (the polarisome), and Exo70-GFP (exocyst) localizations were normal in the tetR-SEC6 mutant, whereas these structures were mislocalized in the tetR-SEC15 mutant. Following alleviation of gene repression by removing doxycycline, first Spitzenkörper, then polarisome, and finally exocyst localizations were recovered sequentially. These results indicate that the exocyst subunits Sec15 and Sec6 have distinct roles in mediating polarized secretion and filamentation in C. albicans. ","PeriodicalId":11891,"journal":{"name":"Eukaryotic Cell","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1128/EC.00147-15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34142899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

The New Shape of EC 电子商务的新形态

Eukaryotic Cell Pub Date : 2015-11-30 DOI: 10.1128/EC.00139-15

A. Mitchell

引用次数: 0

The Cch1-Mid1 High-Affinity Calcium Channel Contributes to the Virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans by Mitigating Oxidative Stress. Cch1-Mid1高亲和力钙通道通过减轻氧化应激参与新生隐球菌的毒力

Eukaryotic Cell Pub Date : 2015-11-01 Epub Date: 2015-09-18 DOI: 10.1128/EC.00100-15

Kiem Vu, Jennifer M Bautos, Angie Gelli

{"title":"The Cch1-Mid1 High-Affinity Calcium Channel Contributes to the Virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans by Mitigating Oxidative Stress.","authors":"Kiem Vu, Jennifer M Bautos, Angie Gelli","doi":"10.1128/EC.00100-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.00100-15","url":null,"abstract":"Pathogenic fungi have developed mechanisms to cope with stresses imposed by hosts. For Cryptococcus spp., this implies active defense mechanisms that attenuate and ultimately overcome the onslaught of oxidative stresses in macrophages. Among cellular pathways within Cryptococcus neoformans' arsenal is the plasma membrane high-affinity Cch1-Mid1 calcium (Ca(2+)) channel (CMC). Here we show that CMC has an unexpectedly complex and disparate role in mitigating oxidative stress. Upon inhibiting the Ccp1-mediated oxidative response pathway with antimycin, strains of C. neoformans expressing only Mid1 displayed enhanced growth, but this was significantly attenuated upon H2O2 exposure in the absence of Mid1, suggesting a regulatory role for Mid1 acting through the Ccp1-mediated oxidative stress response. This notion is further supported by the interaction detected between Mid1 and Ccp1 (cytochrome c peroxidase). In contrast, Cch1 appears to have a more general role in promoting cryptococci survival during oxidative stress. A strain lacking Cch1 displayed a growth defect in the presence of H2O2 without BAPTA [(1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, cesium salt] or additional stressors such as antimycin. Consistent with a greater contribution of Cch1 to oxidative stress tolerance, an intracellular growth defect was observed for the cch1Δ strain in the macrophage cell line J774A.1. Interestingly, while the absence of either Mid1 or Cch1 significantly compromises the ability of C. neoformans to tolerate oxidative stress, the absence of both Mid1 and Cch1 has a negligible effect on C. neoformans growth during H2O2 stress, suggesting the existence of a compensatory mechanism that becomes active in the absence of CMC. ","PeriodicalId":11891,"journal":{"name":"Eukaryotic Cell","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1128/EC.00100-15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34019099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Function and Regulation of Cph2 in Candida albicans. Cph2在白色念珠菌中的作用及调控。

Eukaryotic Cell Pub Date : 2015-11-01 Epub Date: 2015-09-04 DOI: 10.1128/EC.00102-15

Shelley Lane, Pietro Di Lena, Kati Tormanen, Pierre Baldi, Haoping Liu

{"title":"Function and Regulation of Cph2 in Candida albicans.","authors":"Shelley Lane, Pietro Di Lena, Kati Tormanen, Pierre Baldi, Haoping Liu","doi":"10.1128/EC.00102-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.00102-15","url":null,"abstract":"Candida albicans is associated with humans as both a harmless commensal organism and a pathogen. Cph2 is a transcription factor whose DNA binding domain is similar to that of mammalian sterol response element binding proteins (SREBPs). SREBPs are master regulators of cellular cholesterol levels and are highly conserved from fungi to mammals. However, ergosterol biosynthesis is regulated by the zinc finger transcription factor Upc2 in C. albicans and several other yeasts. Cph2 is not necessary for ergosterol biosynthesis but is important for colonization in the murine gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Here we demonstrate that Cph2 is a membrane-associated transcription factor that is processed to release the N-terminal DNA binding domain like SREBPs, but its cleavage is not regulated by cellular levels of ergosterol or oxygen. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) shows that Cph2 binds to the promoters of HMS1 and other components of the regulatory circuit for GI tract colonization. In addition, 50% of Cph2 targets are also bound by Hms1 and other factors of the regulatory circuit. Several common targets function at the head of the glycolysis pathway. Thus, Cph2 is an integral part of the regulatory circuit for GI colonization that regulates glycolytic flux. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) shows a significant overlap in genes differentially regulated by Cph2 and hypoxia, and Cph2 is important for optimal expression of some hypoxia-responsive genes in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. We suggest that Cph2 and Upc2 regulate hypoxia-responsive expression in different pathways, consistent with a synthetic lethal defect of the cph2 upc2 double mutant in hypoxia. ","PeriodicalId":11891,"journal":{"name":"Eukaryotic Cell","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1128/EC.00102-15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34046927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

A Novel Type Pathway-Specific Regulator and Dynamic Genome Environments of a Solanapyrone Biosynthesis Gene Cluster in the Fungus Ascochyta rabiei. 一种新型途径特异性调控因子和茄碱酮生物合成基因簇的动态基因组环境

Eukaryotic Cell Pub Date : 2015-11-01 DOI: 10.1128/EC.00084-15

Wonyong Kim, Jeong-Jin Park, David R Gang, Tobin L Peever, Weidong Chen

{"title":"A Novel Type Pathway-Specific Regulator and Dynamic Genome Environments of a Solanapyrone Biosynthesis Gene Cluster in the Fungus Ascochyta rabiei.","authors":"Wonyong Kim, Jeong-Jin Park, David R Gang, Tobin L Peever, Weidong Chen","doi":"10.1128/EC.00084-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.00084-15","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Secondary metabolite genes are often clustered together and situated in particular genomic regions, like the subtelomere, that can facilitate niche adaptation in fungi. Solanapyrones are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi occupying different ecological niches. Full-genome sequencing of the ascomycete Ascochyta rabiei revealed a solanapyrone biosynthesis gene cluster embedded in an AT-rich region proximal to a telomere end and surrounded by Tc1/Mariner-type transposable elements. The highly AT-rich environment of the solanapyrone cluster is likely the product of repeat-induced point mutations. Several secondary metabolism-related genes were found in the flanking regions of the solanapyrone cluster. Although the solanapyrone cluster appears to be resistant to repeat-induced point mutations, a P450 monooxygenase gene adjacent to the cluster has been degraded by such mutations. Among the six solanapyrone cluster genes (sol1 to sol6), sol4 encodes a novel type of Zn(II)2Cys6 zinc cluster transcription factor. Deletion of sol4 resulted in the complete loss of solanapyrone production but did not compromise growth, sporulation, or virulence. Gene expression studies with the sol4 deletion and sol4-overexpressing mutants delimited the boundaries of the solanapyrone gene cluster and revealed that sol4 is likely a specific regulator of solanapyrone biosynthesis and appears to be necessary and sufficient for induction of the solanapyrone cluster genes. Despite the dynamic surrounding genomic regions, the solanapyrone gene cluster has maintained its integrity, suggesting important roles of solanapyrones in fungal biology.","PeriodicalId":11891,"journal":{"name":"Eukaryotic Cell","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1128/EC.00084-15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10538600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

A MORN Repeat Protein Facilitates Protein Entry into the Flagellar Pocket of Trypanosoma brucei. 一个MORN重复蛋白促进蛋白质进入布鲁氏锥虫鞭毛袋。

Eukaryotic Cell Pub Date : 2015-11-01 Epub Date: 2015-08-28 DOI: 10.1128/EC.00094-15

Brooke Morriswood, Katy Schmidt

引用次数: 31

pH Regulates White-Opaque Switching and Sexual Mating in Candida albicans. pH值调节白色念珠菌的白色-不透明转换和性交配。

Eukaryotic Cell Pub Date : 2015-11-01 Epub Date: 2015-09-04 DOI: 10.1128/EC.00123-15

Yuan Sun, Chengjun Cao, Wei Jia, Li Tao, Guobo Guan, Guanghua Huang

{"title":"pH Regulates White-Opaque Switching and Sexual Mating in Candida albicans.","authors":"Yuan Sun, Chengjun Cao, Wei Jia, Li Tao, Guobo Guan, Guanghua Huang","doi":"10.1128/EC.00123-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.00123-15","url":null,"abstract":"As a successful commensal and pathogen of humans, Candida albicans encounters a wide range of environmental conditions. Among them, ambient pH, which changes frequently and affects many biological processes in this species, is an important factor, and the ability to adapt to pH changes is tightly linked with pathogenesis and morphogenesis. In this study, we report that pH has a profound effect on white-opaque switching and sexual mating in C. albicans. Acidic pH promotes white-to-opaque switching under certain culture conditions but represses sexual mating. The Rim101-mediated pH-sensing pathway is involved in the control of pH-regulated white-opaque switching and the mating response. Phr2 and Rim101 could play a major role in acidic pH-induced opaque cell formation. Despite the fact that the cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling pathway does not play a major role in pH-regulated white-opaque switching and mating, white and opaque cells of the cyr1/cyr1 mutant, which is defective in the production of cAMP, showed distinct growth defects under acidic and alkaline conditions. We further discovered that acidic pH conditions repressed sexual mating due to the failure of activation of the Ste2-mediated α-pheromone response pathway in opaque A: cells. The effects of pH changes on phenotypic switching and sexual mating could involve a balance of host adaptation and sexual reproduction in C. albicans. ","PeriodicalId":11891,"journal":{"name":"Eukaryotic Cell","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1128/EC.00123-15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34046928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37