{"title":"Ghana’s Progress on Reaching Out to the Unbanked Through Financial Inclusion","authors":"K. Boateng","doi":"10.18843/IJMS/V5IS2/01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18843/IJMS/V5IS2/01","url":null,"abstract":"Financial inclusion is a measure of the proportions of individuals and firms that use formal financial services. It serves as a vehicle for poverty alleviation and the driving force for the achievement of the global sustainable development goals (SDGs). The purpose of this study was to find out the progress achieved pertaining to financial inclusion in Ghana. The government of Ghana has for the past years consciously put in place policies and programs to facilitate the promotion of financial inclusion. These policies have resulted to rapid expansion of the banking sector thereby making formal financial services accessible to all. The expansion of bank branches, ATM coverage, increment in Debit/Credit cards ownership and mobile money account holders are indications of achievement in the financial inclusion agenda. An estimated 83.1% of Ghanaians have mobile money account, which has taken savings and other forms of financial services to the doorstep of the ordinary citizen. This has also resulted to a rise in the level of making/receiving payment digitally from 22% in 2014 to 44% in 2017 among rural dwellers. Bank branches coverage per 100,000 adults has grown from 4.8 in 2008 to 7.2 in 2016. Because of the branch visibility, account ownership has also seen a surge especially, in the rural areas where it used to be minimal. Although there has been some success, there is the need for the government to continue with the provision of an enabling environment for faster progress since achievement of financial inclusion enhances stability and faster economic growth.","PeriodicalId":118874,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Socially Responsible Investment (Topic)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131397025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Economic Perspective of the Export Potentiality of Aromatic Rice in Bangladesh","authors":"Riffat Ara Zannat Tama, A. R. Dhar, I. A. Begum","doi":"10.3844/AJEBASP.2018.22.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEBASP.2018.22.30","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to assess the export potential of aromatic rice in Bangladesh as well as identify the factors affecting gross return from aromatic rice production. About 45 aromatic rice farms were selected from five villages of Dinajpur district using stratified sampling method for the study. Data were analyzed with a combination of descriptive statistics, mathematical and statistical techniques. Cobb-Douglas production function represented that three out of seven independent variables had significant impact on gross return from aromatic rice production. The significant variables were education, power tiller cost and fertilizer cost. Domestic Resource Cost (DRC) analysis showed that Bangladesh had comparative advantage in aromatic rice production both from the view point of export and import substitution, as DRC was 0.51 and 0.64 for import and export parity prices, respectively. The study suggests that price of fertilizer, seeds and other inputs should be maintained and marketing and trade related costs and barriers should be minimized to amplify the potential of aromatic rice production in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":118874,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Socially Responsible Investment (Topic)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123914250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Labour Intensive Public Works on Youth Employment and Seasonal Migration: Evidence from Ghana","authors":"Suleiman Namara, Felix Larry Essilfie, C. Dadzie","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3201148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3201148","url":null,"abstract":"The study uses a sample of 3,876 youths to estimate the impact of Ghana’s Labour Intensive Public Works (LIPW) program on youth employment and seasonal migration using the ‘doubly-robust’ estimator that models both the treatment assignment and the outcome variable within the same framework. The data was collected in 2015 as part of the program’s impact evaluation agenda. Our results show that the project significantly increased youth employment but was less impactful on seasonal youth migration. Thus, we recommend that the labour intensive public works program should be expanded to capture more youths to increase youth employment in the country.","PeriodicalId":118874,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Socially Responsible Investment (Topic)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117339926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is Socially Responsible Investing (SRI) in Stocks a Competitive Capital Investment? A Comparative Analysis Based on the Performance of Sustainable Stocks","authors":"Ann-Kathrin Blankenberg, Jonas F. A. Gottschalk","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3186094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3186094","url":null,"abstract":"In the last few decades, socially responsible investments (SRI) have growingly become a relevant issue. The market size in the United States grew from less than a trillion US Dollars to 8.72 trillion US Dollars in 2016, in the past 20 years (US SIF 2016). Approximately 11 trillion Euro was invested in sustainable investments in Europe (EuroSIF 2016). Previous research focused on SRI mutual funds but rarely on green stocks for different reasons. Investing directly in stocks can have different advantages than investment in mutual funds. This article focus on the risk-adjusted competitiveness of a sustainable portfolio based on stocks. We show that a sustainable portfolio does not perform significantly different than a conventional one. The consideration of sustainable criteria does not influence the investment result negatively and could be applied by investors without the need to sacrifice returns.","PeriodicalId":118874,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Socially Responsible Investment (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125443049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Foreign Aid to the Pacific: Trends and Developments in the Twenty-First Century","authors":"Matthew Dornan, J. Pryke","doi":"10.1002/APP5.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/APP5.185","url":null,"abstract":"The Pacific islands is one of the most aid-dependent regions in the world. This article examines developments in the delivery of foreign aid to the region since the year 2000, a period in which there has been considerable change in both the amount and way in which aid is delivered internationally. Although Pacific island countries have seen a scale-up in development assistance, it has been modest relative to that enjoyed by other developing countries. Improvement has been mixed in areas identified as a concern by the aid effectiveness agenda, with high levels of volatility and lack of predictability particularly problematic.","PeriodicalId":118874,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Socially Responsible Investment (Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117124630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generating Conflict: Gold, Water and Vulnerable Communities in the Colombian Highlands","authors":"Christiana Ochoa","doi":"10.4337/9781783478385.00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783478385.00014","url":null,"abstract":"Foreign direct investment is commonly believed to have a stabilizing effect in countries receiving investments, and is believed to lead to positive development outcomes. This chapter pushes back on these assumptions. Informed by nearly four years of intermittent ethnographic fieldwork in the towns surrounding the Paramo de Santurban in the rural highlands of Colombia, it provides a grounded account of how investments by foreign mining companies may destabilize populations and cause conflict, rather than perpetuate stability. This empirical study lends support to the argument that the design of the FDI project, and the process by which it is established, may determine whether the project will be beneficial or detrimental to common development goals, including whether it will cause conflict or act as a stabilizing force. This chapter is largely informed by the fieldwork that led to the production of the documentary film directed by the author, There is Nothing Else/Otra Cosa No Hay, in which many of the topics discussed herein are explored in further detail.","PeriodicalId":118874,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Socially Responsible Investment (Topic)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126306617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Future Values As the Basis for Multiple Investments Sharing Costs and Generating Extra Income","authors":"H. Puts, J. V. D. Heijden","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3093206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3093206","url":null,"abstract":"Thinking in terms of future values shows that one investment creates opportunities for a subsequent one. Consecutive investments and the accumulation of future values offer possibilities for multiple financing and can boost the quality of the living environment in an area. This paper shows how in a polder in Gouda, the Netherlands, three separate issues can be integrally resolved. A football pitch is in need of renovation. The pitch must be disconnected from the sewer, and to ensure the area is climate-proof, sufficient water storage and drainage is necessary. Failing to work together now on consecutive investments would be a wasted opportunity. The start of a ‘future values ladder’ is present: investment in the playability of the field, water storage, drainage and disconnecting the sewer. The ladder can extend even higher, as the initial investments also create future value for future investments in climate adaptation, water purification, maintenance and an improved living environment. The biggest challenge is not the technology but integral financing. In this paper, we develop the concept of consecutive investments and the accumulation of future values, as a basis for multiple financing and as an instrument to draw up the shared bill. We feel that demonstrating future values will motivate initiators, financers and investors to agree to multiple projects and financing structures.","PeriodicalId":118874,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Socially Responsible Investment (Topic)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126056706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Institutional Investors, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Stock Price Performance","authors":"E. Motta, Konari Uchida","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2909307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2909307","url":null,"abstract":"In 2006, the United Nations Global Compact launched Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI), and the Japanese Ministry of Environment advocated financial mechanisms for environmental protection. We find that institutional ownership in 2005 is positively related to the probability of subsequent improvements in environment ratings for Japanese firms. The result is especially evident for domestic institutional shareholders who signed up for the PRI. These results suggest that soft laws aimed at institutional investors can enhance responsible business practices and that national government initiatives play an effective role. Finally, improved ratings in the environment category do not harm shareholder wealth.","PeriodicalId":118874,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Socially Responsible Investment (Topic)","volume":"449 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131735342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effect of Publication, Format and Content of Integrated Reports on Analysts’ Earnings Forecasts","authors":"Suhee Kim, K. Maas, P. Perego","doi":"10.4337/9781786432636.00038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786432636.00038","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated Reporting (IR) has recently emerged as an accounting innovation which combines financial and non-financial/sustainability information relevant to corporate value creation into a single report. While prior research on IR examined the supply side (i.e. motivation for and content) of IR, this study focuses on the demand side of IR. We specifically investigate whether IR strengthens financial analysts’ earnings forecasts and what aspects of IR influence better forecasting. For this purpose, we conduct:1) a within-firm analysis from a sample of IR early-adopters to measure the difference between the pre- and post-levels of forecast dispersion following the IR release and 2) a between-firm matching analysis to test whether an IR release is indeed associated with a lower dispersion. We examine 156 IR-adopters from 18 countries in 2014 and 2015, matched with 95 non-IR firms selected as control group. The results show that a single IR (type 3) decreases the post-level of forecast dispersion of IR firms with a smaller pre-forecast dispersion in comparison with the control group. Moreover, IR completeness and detail are associated with the post-level of forecast dispersion of IR firms with smaller pre-forecast dispersion, while IR accountability (reporting more negative issues) and length have no effect on it. Our findings suggest that an IR presenting more content elements and more detail may decrease uncertainty about a firm’s information environment and therefore strengthen analysts’ decisions.","PeriodicalId":118874,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Socially Responsible Investment (Topic)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132807848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Iran – The Chronicles of the Subsidy Reform: Successes, Controversies, and Shortcomings of the 2010-2014 Reforms and Lessons for Future Reformers","authors":"Roman Zytek, Mohammad Reza Farzin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2874906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2874906","url":null,"abstract":"We review the experience of Iran’s Targeted Subsidies Reform, from the early successes that followed its implementation in December 2010 to the challenges encountered in 2012-13. We discuss briefly the key elements of the second phase of the reform launched in March-April 2014. The short interval between the start of the reform in December 2010 and the intensification of international sanctions against Iran in late 2011, in particular the country’s crude oil exports and access to the international financial system, made the reform particularly difficult. The sanctions severely impeded Iran’s access to international technologies, expertise, and investment needed to facilitate more rapid and orderly reduction of the economy’s energy intensity and its re-orientation towards non-oil exports.We address several popular criticisms of the key elements of the reform design, implementation record, and broader economic and social impact. We identify and elaborate on the most critical design and implementation shortcomings. We propose options for the next steps in subsidy reforms, and put them into the context of broader reforms to modernize the economic architecture in Iran and other oil and gas exporting countries.","PeriodicalId":118874,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Socially Responsible Investment (Topic)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116430768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}