European Journal of Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"What is the research question? Estimands explained.","authors":"Rolf H H Groenwold, Saskia le Cessie, Olaf M Dekkers","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf048","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although many papers of medical research report on a treatment effect, it is not always clear what is exactly meant by that effect. An estimand is a precise definition of a treatment effect and includes 5 attributes: population, treatment, (outcome) variable, intercurrent events, and summary measure. In this paper, we discuss how the estimand framework helps to align different phases of studies of medical treatments, from research objectives to design, conduct, analysis, and reporting of results.</p>","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"E5-E7"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel recurrent mutations and genetic diversity in Sudanese children with adrenal insufficiency.","authors":"Salwa A Musa, Mohamed A Abdullah, Samar S Hassan, Luqman S Fauzi, Omer O Babiker, Amna I Ahmed, Marwa Mohammedali, Claire Hutchison, Ghassan Mohamadsalih, Charlotte L Hall, Saptarshi Maitra, Areej A Ibrahim, Younus Qamar, Avinaash V Maharaj, Lucia M Marroquin Ramirez, Jordan Read, Li F Chan, Louise A Metherell, Chris J Smith","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf037","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Studies of primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) in African children are rare, but in Sudan, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and triple A syndrome are the most common genetic causes. Differential diagnosis is challenging, especially in resource-limited settings, where presentation can mimic common childhood diseases and facilities for biochemical and genetic testing may be restricted.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Forty-eight patients from 43 families (31 male:17 female) with PAI were included (CAH/triple A excluded). Additional features seen included white matter changes on magnetic resonance imaging, auto-immune features, and/or obesity. Sanger and whole exome sequencing (WES) were employed for diagnosis, confirmation, and segregation with in vitro assays to investigate potential splice defects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 21/43 families, a genetic aetiology consistent with non-autoimmune PAI was discovered, and in 3 families, autoimmune regulator (AIRE) mutations were found, indicating an autoimmune origin. In Sudan, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette subfamily D member 1 (ABCD1)/nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT)/AIRE mutations were commonest, including recurrent NNT splice and AIRE deletion mutations. In 2 families, we identified ARSA mutations fitting a diagnosis of metachromatic leucodystrophy (MLD), in which adrenal insufficiency has not previously been described. In the remaining 17 families, no causative gene mutations were found. Putative causal variants for comorbidities were concomitantly detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this population, WES revealed itself as a useful frontline tool for the differential diagnosis of individuals presenting with adrenal insufficiency, including discrimination between MLD and adrenoleucodystrophy and giving plausible gene defects for additional comorbidities such as obesity. Such genetic diagnoses are crucial to design optimal treatment plans and for genetic counselling in affected individuals and their families.</p>","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"277-289"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetic complications in women with type 2 diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome.","authors":"Meri-Maija Ollila, Ari Hautakoski, Martti Arffman, Laure Morin-Papunen, Minna Koivikko, Tapani Ebeling, Reijo Sund, Terhi Piltonen","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf026","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) translates into increased risk of diabetic complications.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A cohort study based on the nationwide Diabetes in Finland database. The main analysis included 1288 women with PCOS and T2DM and 177 555 women with T2DM without PCOS (controls). Moreover, a sub-analysis that compared each woman with PCOS and T2DM to 5 controls with matching diagnosis date of T2DM and the age at onset of T2DM was conducted.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The risk for diabetic complications (ie, a composite variable including retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular or foot complications, and all-cause death) during the period 1996-2017 was analyzed using Cox regression with PCOS as the time-dependent variable and adjustment for education level, year of T2DM diagnosis, and age at T2DM diagnosis. The unadjusted cumulative incidence of diabetic complications was calculated among women with PCOS and matched controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age at T2DM diagnosis was significantly lower in women with PCOS compared with controls (33 [25th; 75th percentiles: 25; 41] versus 62 [53; 71] years). The 20-year cumulative incidence of diabetic complication after T2DM diagnosis was 35% in women with PCOS and 48% in matched controls. Women with PCOS had a smaller adjusted hazard ratio (0.70, 95% CI, 0.60-0.82) for diabetic complication.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of the present register study suggest that PCOS does not seem to increase the risk of diabetic complications. However, studies with longer follow-up and clinical data, such as body mass index, are needed to verify this.</p>","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"202-209"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Musculoskeletal disease in acromegaly-a population-based registry study.","authors":"Christian Rosendal, Mai Christiansen Arlien-Søborg, Eigil Husted Nielsen, Claus Larsen Feltoft, Åse Krogh Rasmussen, Marianne Skovsager Andersen, Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen, Jakob Dal","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf047","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Acromegaly is associated with multiple musculoskeletal complications that affect the quality of life and work ability. We aimed to examine the risk of osteoarthritis, musculoskeletal surgery (including joint replacement), osteoporosis, fractures, and analgesic consumption in Danish acromegaly patients.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>National, registry-based cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All validated incidents and prevalent cases of acromegaly in the period 1977-2021 (n = 844) were included and matched 1:100 with healthy controls. Outcomes were identified using diagnosis, surgical procedure, and medication codes and analyzed using Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier plots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients were at significantly increased risk of osteoarthritis of the shoulder [hazard ratio (HR): 5.25 (3.05; 9.06)], hip [HR: 3.15 (2.57; 3.87)], and knee [HR: 2.25 (1.85; 2.72)], and medically treated osteoporosis [HR: 2.13 (1.64; 2.78)] even before acromegaly diagnosis. The risk of joint replacement surgery of the shoulder [HR: 4.60 (2.57; 8.25)], hip [HR: 3.32 (2.67; 4.12)], and knee [HR: 2.52 (1.89; 3.36)] was increased in acromegaly patients, as was the risk of being prescribed weak analgesics [HR: 1.22 (1.04; 1.44)] or opioids [HR: 1.58 (1.38; 1.82)]. Surgical complications [HR: 2.19 (1.59; 3.03)] and repeat hip surgery [HR: 3.64 (2.09; 6.34)] also exhibited increased risk in patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In acromegaly, severe osteoarthritis involving multiple joints develops even before acromegaly diagnosis and continues to progress over time after acromegaly treatment. Furthermore, acromegaly imposes an increased risk of medically treated osteoporosis, musculoskeletal surgery-particularly joint replacement surgery-, surgical complications, and the necessity of analgesic medication. Our findings warrant further research into the management of musculoskeletal disease in acromegaly.</p>","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"308-317"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex steroid hormones and subclinical atherosclerosis progression in postmenopausal women.","authors":"Irene J Chen, Frank Z Stanczyk, Intira Sriprasert, Roksana Karim, Donna Shoupe, Naoko Kono, Howard N Hodis, Wendy J Mack","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf032","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Early versus Late Intervention Trial with Estradiol demonstrated that hormone therapy (HT) reduces subclinical atherosclerosis progression in healthy postmenopausal women who initiated HT in proximity to menopause (<6 years) but not in those distant from menopause (≥10 years). This analysis explores the role of serum sex steroid hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in atherosclerosis progression, examining differences based on time since menopause.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Post-trial analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 535 healthy postmenopausal women; nearly half received HT. Serum levels of estradiol, estrone, testosterone, and SHBG were measured at baseline, 12 months, and 36 months. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) was assessed every 6 months. Mixed-effects linear models evaluated the relationship between sex steroid hormones, SHBG, and CIMT progression, with time since menopause included as an interaction term, adjusting for age, hysterectomy, baseline CIMT, systolic blood pressure, and body mass index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Late postmenopausal women were older with higher baseline CIMT. Associations between estradiol, estrone, and SHBG levels with CIMT progression differed significantly by time since menopause (interaction P < .01). In early postmenopause, CIMT progression was significantly inversely associated with SHBG (P = .024) and nonsignificantly inversely with estradiol and estrone. In late postmenopause, CIMT progression was significantly positively associated with estradiol (P = .005), estrone (P < .001), and SHBG (P = .037).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Serum sex steroid hormones and SHBG relate differently to CIMT progression based on time since menopause. Estradiol, estrone, and SHBG levels show opposite associations with CIMT progression in early versus late postmenopause, highlighting the importance of HT timing in cardiovascular disease.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration number: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00114517.</p>","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"248-256"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and main characteristics of primary aldosteronism in bilateral macronodular adrenal disease: a systematic review of the literature.","authors":"Annalisa Panarelli, Júnia Ribeiro de Oliveira Longo Schweizer, Isabel Stüfchen, Denise Brüdgam, Stephanie Zopp, Petra Zimmermann, Paolo Mulatero, Sinan Deniz, Felix Beuschlein, Martin Reincke, Elisabeth Nowak","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf020","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Bilateral macronodular adrenal disease (BMAD) typically presents with bilateral benign adrenocortical macronodules and variable cortisol excess. Anecdotal evidence suggests oversecretion of other adrenal steroids, including mineralocorticoids.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>We hypothesized that primary aldosteronism (PA) can occur in BMAD, resulting in a distinct, more severe phenotype compared to BMAD with isolated cortisol hypersecretion or unilateral PA (uPA).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the prevalence and characteristics of PA in BMAD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically reviewed case reports and series of BMAD patients with PA, following PRISMA guidelines. BMAD was defined by bilateral adrenal nodules ≥10 mm. PA diagnosis followed US or Japanese Endocrine Society guidelines. We compared these findings with 2 cohorts from LMU Hospital Munich: BMAD with isolated cortisol hypersecretion and uPA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1018 articles, 18 representing 68 cases were included. Of these, 66 had BMAD with PA and 2 had BMAD with aldosterone precursor excess. The PA proportion in published BMAD series ranged from 2% to 43%. BMAD patients with PA were predominantly male (75%) and younger (median 51.5 years) than those with isolated cortisol hypersecretion (median 60.5 years, P < .01). Their median blood pressure was higher (170/100 mm Hg) compared to those with isolated cortisol hypersecretion (138/80 mm Hg) or uPA (153/94 mm Hg, P < .01). Treatment was only described in 28 cases, with 93% undergoing adrenalectomy. Clinical outcome was similar across groups post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review highlights the need for increased screening for PA in younger, hypertensive BMAD patients. Larger multicenter studies are needed to determine the association between these conditions, cardiovascular risk, and optimal treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"S15-S25"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discordance between adrenal vein sampling and imaging: the role of unilateral cortisol excess.","authors":"Megan Grundy, Alexander A Leung, Martin Hyrcza, Janice L Pasieka, Denise Chan, Stefan J Przybojewski, Chi-Bun Benny So, Dennis Orton, Adrian Harvey, Gregory A Kline","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf019","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is considered the gold-standard for identifying unilateral primary aldosteronism (PA), but is sensitive to any asymmetry in cortisol production. Subclinical autonomous cortisol production likely contributes to discordance between cross-sectional imaging and AVS.</p><p><strong>Design and methods: </strong>Retrospective chart review was performed of patients in Calgary, Alberta who (1) had a diagnosis of PA with clear adrenal mass, (2) had discordant AVS and cross-sectional imaging, and (3) underwent dexamethasone-suppressed NP59-iodocholesterol adrenal scintigraphy (n = 25). Postoperative biochemical and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Surgical pathology was analyzed with immunohistochemical staining for CYP11B1 and CYP11B2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NP59 scanning demonstrated autonomous steroidogenesis from the same side as the computed tomography (CT)-identified lesion, despite discordant AVS results, in 19/25 cases. Out of the 16 patients who underwent adrenalectomy (guided by NP59), 11 cases had a final diagnosis of cortisol-producing adenoma with bilateral PA, while the final diagnosis in the remaining 5 cases was cortisol-producing adenoma with unilateral PA (defined by a complete biochemical response). All cases preoperatively had low/suppressed adrenocorticotropin hormone that rose postadrenalectomy, in keeping with the resolution of cortisol autonomy. Adrenal vein sampling incorrectly diagnosed the subtype of PA or falsely localized the side of aldosterone excess in 10/16 cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Discordant CT and AVS results in patients with PA and obvious adrenal mass are often explained by subclinical asymmetric cortisol excess. Clinicians should be aware of the limitations of AVS in the presence of subtle autonomous cortisol secretion and must be able to counsel patients regarding the possible outcomes from surgery when discordant lateralization is present.</p>","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"191-201"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-dependent increases in oxytocin levels in response to intravenous kisspeptin in humans.","authors":"Francesca Galbiati, Franziska Plessow, Lacey Plummer, Mark B Campbell, Shawn Nazarloo, C Sue Carter, Rona S Carroll, Han K Kim, Sidney A Pereira, Daria Paulis, John M Davis, Karen K Miller, Ursula B Kaiser, Stephanie B Seminara, Anna Aulinas, Elizabeth A Lawson","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf001","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A clinically significant oxytocin-deficient state (OXT-D) has been established in adults with arginine vasopressin deficiency, and there is a need to develop diagnostic testing. Kisspeptin (KP) is a candidate for such a test, as KP receptors are found on oxytocinergic neurons, and KP administration increases plasma OXT in animals. We hypothesized that intravenous KP administration would increase peripheral OXT levels post-injection in healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Kisspeptin-112-121 (KP analog, 0.24 nmol/kg bolus) was administered to 12 healthy adults (50% female). Serum OXT was measured before and 10, 20, 40, and 60 min after KP administration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Males and females did not differ significantly in age, BMI, or baseline OXT levels. Ten minutes after KP, OXT increased by 18.8% from baseline (FDR-P = .004) with a greater increase in males than females (31.9% vs 5.7%, respectively, FDR-P = .004).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data support KP as a candidate for a provocative test to identify OXT-D in males.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>Our study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00914823).</p>","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"K24-K29"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11886556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Denosumab withdrawal increases vertebral fracture and mortality risk compared with zoledronate.","authors":"Ko-Hsiu Lu, Shiow-Ing Wang, Shun-Fa Yang","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf013","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Rebound vertebral fractures (VFs) after denosumab (Dmab) withdrawal have been documented, highlighting the need for further research into this phenomenon and the importance of a well-planned strategy for discontinuing Dmab.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From the TriNetX US network, we enrolled osteoporosis patients aged 50 years or older who had withdrawn from at least 2 doses of Dmab and compared them with a matched cohort who had received at least 1 dose of zoledronate (ZOL) before discontinuation. We analyzed hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and conducted Kaplan-Meier analyses, along with subgroup analyses, drug discontinuation modification, and sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After matching propensity scores (n = 10 422) between the 2 cohorts (Dmab: 11 104 and ZOL: 15 976), we found that the risks of VFs (HR = 1.479, 95% CI = 1.222-1.789) and its subcategories-thoracic (1.309, 1.023-1.674), lumbar (1.865, 1.425-2.440), and collapsed fractures (1.928, 1.462-2.542)-as well as all-cause mortality (1.588, 1.475-1.710), were significantly higher in the Dmab group compared with the ZOL group. Stratified analyses showed increased VF risks in Dmab patients who were female, aged 50-64, 65 years or older, and white, regardless of fracture history compared with those using ZOL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After adjusting for drug discontinuation, Dmab showed an increased risk of VFs within the first 2 years, contributing to an elevated overall mortality risk. Sensitivity analyses revealed consistent results across different regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"180-190"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical impact of variations in laboratory measurements of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I on the classification of acromegaly disease activity status in the United Kingdom.","authors":"Paul Benjamin Loughrey, John Ayuk, Bilal Bashir, Claire E Higham, Jan Hoong Ho, Phillip J Monaghan, Gwen Wark, Safwaan Adam","doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf034","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"L7-L11"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}