ESC Heart Failure最新文献

{"title":"Geographic region variation in patient characteristics, clinical outcomes and treatment of HFrEF in the VICTORIA trial.","authors":"Cynthia M Westerhout, Wendimagegn Alemayehu, Alain Cohen-Solal, Carolyn S P Lam, Justin A Ezekowitz, Stefano Corda, Ciaran J McMullan, Christopher M O'Connor, Paul W Armstrong","doi":"10.1002/ehf2.15416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.15416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Heterogeneity in demographics, aetiology, healthcare access and guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT), and survival bias of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is evident from international trials and registries. The current study examines conventional geographic variation in participants' phenotypes, standard of care, clinical outcomes and treatment effects of vericiguat versus placebo within the VICTORIA trial. We then evaluate an alternative approach to assessing the relationship between geographic variation in the efficacy of new therapeutics.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Characteristics, standard of care and outcomes (time to first HF hospitalization (HFH) or cardiovascular death (CVD), time to first HFH and to CVD) of the 5050 participants from 42 countries and the effect of vericiguat versus placebo were analysed according to five prespecified geographic regions. Further examination of the study treatment effect according to country-level human development index (HDI) was undertaken to evaluate intra-regional variation. Notable inter-region differences existed in participant characteristics, standard of care at randomization and clinical outcomes. There was no modification of vericiguat's treatment benefit across geographic regions for the primary composite endpoint or its components. When examined by HDI, vericiguat's benefit on HFH and the primary composite was retained overall but attenuated as HDI rose (P_interaction = 0.009, 0.088, respectively). There was no apparent treatment effect modification due to HDI on cardiovascular death (P_interaction = 0.623).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Geographic variation in the phenotype of patients with HFrEF, standard of care, and clinical outcomes was observed, while there was no intra-regional heterogeneity in vericiguat's treatment effect. However, when considering contextual/systemic measures via country-level HDI, further insights into treatment effect were revealed. Country-level measures may be helpful in the planning of future trials and in the translation of evidence into practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":11864,"journal":{"name":"ESC Heart Failure","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SGLT2 inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of heart failure: A scientific statement of the HFA and the HFAI.","authors":"Marco Metra, Daniela Tomasoni, Marianna Adamo, Offer Amir, Stefan D Anker, Antoni Bayes-Genis, Michael Boehm, Javed Butler, Ovidiu Chioncel, Gerasimos Filippatos, Finn Gustafsson, Ewa A Jankowska, Juan Carlos Kaski, Brenda Moura, Mark C Petrie, Piotr Ponikowski, Amina Rakisheva, Arsen Ristic, Francois Roubille, Gianluigi Savarese, Petar Seferovic, Peter van der Meer, Maurizio Volterrani, Andrew J Coats, Vijay K Chopra, Giuseppe Rosano","doi":"10.1002/ehf2.15408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.15408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) heart failure (HF) guidelines, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were recommended for the prevention of HF in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and for the treatment of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Further trials showed efficacy of empagliflozin and dapagliflozin in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). These results prompted a broadened recommendation for the SGLT2 inhibitors dapagliflozin or empagliflozin across the whole left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) spectrum in the 2023 Focused Update of the ESC HF guidelines and in other international guidelines. In SOLOIST-WHF and EMPULSE, sotagliflozin (enrolling only patients with T2DM) and empagliflozin, respectively, were beneficial when initiated at the end or soon after an episode of decompensated HF. Based on these results and on the early appearance of their beneficial effects, the administration of SGLT2 inhibitors should start early in patients hospitalized for acute HF. Analyses after study drug withdrawal in randomized clinical trials have shown that their benefits may decline rapidly after discontinuation, and thus, persistence of treatment is advised. In EMPACT-MI, empagliflozin did not reduce the primary outcome of cardiovascular (CV) death/HF hospitalization but reduced first/recurrent HF hospitalizations. Potential benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in further specific conditions (i.e., cardiac amyloidosis, grown-up congenital heart disease and paediatric patients with HF) have been reported in observational studies but need confirmation from prospective trials. This scientific statement summarizes current evidence regarding the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of HF.</p>","PeriodicalId":11864,"journal":{"name":"ESC Heart Failure","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early diagnostic value of novel biomarkers for breast cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction.","authors":"Zhengwei Wang, Yujuan Wu, Jingyi He, Diansa Gao, Zhong Zuo","doi":"10.1002/ehf2.15363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.15363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aims to (1) evaluate the diagnostic utility of myeloperoxidase (MPO), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), C-reactive protein (CRP), placental growth factor (PLGF) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) for cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) in breast cancer patients through meta-analysis and (2) investigate causal roles using Mendelian randomization (MR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a dual-phase analysis. First, a PRISMA-compliant (ID: CRD42023453369) meta-analysis of 12 studies (11 prospective cohorts, 1 RCT; 917 patients; age 50.4 ± 16.0 years; median follow-up 12 months) from five databases (PubMed/Web of Science/Embase/Cochrane/ClinicalTrials.gov) quantified post-treatment biomarker changes using weighted/standardized mean differences (WMD/SMD) and CTRCD risk via hazard ratios (HRs). Second, two-sample MR analysis leveraged MPO-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to assess causality with heart failure (HF) and cardiomyopathy, employing IVW, MR-Egger, weighted median and simple mode methods with heterogeneity testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis demonstrated significant post-treatment elevations in: MPO [US patients: SMD = 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45-1.12; I² = 72%; P < 0.00001], GDF-15 (SMD = 0.64, 95% CI 0.24-1.05; I² = 77%; P = 0.002), PLGF (SMD = 0.87, 95% CI 0.10-1.63; I² = 95%; P = 0.03), and CRP (WMD = 0.83, 95% CI 0.46-1.20; I² = 18%; P < 0.0001). Subgroup analyses eliminated heterogeneity for GDF-15 (I² = 0%) and PLGF (I² = 0%), while partially reducing heterogeneity for MPO (I² = 72%). Elevated MPO levels predicted increased CTRCD risk in patients receiving cancer treatment (HR = 1.30, 1.10-1.54; I² = 0%; P = 0.002). MR analysis suggested causal relationships between MPO and both HF [odds ratio (OR) = 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.09; P = 0.001] and cardiomyopathy (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.17; P = 0.02), with significant heterogeneity detected in heart failure SNPs (Cochran's Q = 61.63, P = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study suggested that MPO was associated with both diagnostic biomarker profiles and mechanistic pathways in CTRCD pathogenesis. These preliminary findings highlighted MPO as a possible target for further investigation of early CTRCD detection in breast cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11864,"journal":{"name":"ESC Heart Failure","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor and outcomes in HFpEF: A TOPCAT ancillary study.","authors":"Christina G Hutten, Annika Tekumulla, Anis Ismail, Alexi Vasbinder, Theresa Farhat, Pennelope Kunkle, Sascha N Goonewardena, Ahmed Abdel-Latif, Bertram Pitt, Salim S Hayek","doi":"10.1002/ehf2.15423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.15423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Inflammation is postulated to be a key pathogenic mechanism in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), a regulator of innate immune activity, is associated with incident heart failure; however, its role in HFpEF remains unclear. We aimed to elucidate the role of suPAR in HFpEF outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this secondary analysis of the TOPCAT trial's North American cohort, suPAR was measured at baseline and 1 year in a subset of patients with HFpEF (n = 406) treated with either spironolactone or placebo. We assessed the association between suPAR levels and adverse outcomes, whether spironolactone influenced suPAR levels and whether the association between spironolactone and outcomes is dependent on suPAR levels. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest or hospitalization for heart failure management.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of participants was 69.5 years, and 46.6% were female. After a median follow-up of 2.9 years, 19.9% experienced the primary outcome event. The 5-year cumulative incidence of the primary outcome in the highest tertile of suPAR (>3.93 ng/mL) was 44%, compared with 14% in the lowest tertile (≤2.94 ng/mL) (P = 0.001). Spironolactone did not significantly change suPAR levels at 1 year, nor was its effect on outcomes modified by baseline suPAR (P for interaction = 0.6). In multivariable analysis, each doubling of baseline suPAR levels was associated with nearly twofold increased risk of the primary outcome, independent of traditional risk factors and natriuretic peptide (NP) levels (HR 1.94 [95% CI 1.33-2.83]). suPAR's risk discrimination ability was superior and additive to that of NP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While suPAR levels independently predict poor outcomes in HFpEF patients, spironolactone does not modulate this inflammatory pathway. The findings suggest that suPAR represents a stable inflammatory biomarker in HFpEF, highlighting the need for further evaluation of targeted anti-inflammatory strategies in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":11864,"journal":{"name":"ESC Heart Failure","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Raising the Bar: Age-adjust NT-proBNP to improve specificity and reduce delay.","authors":"Lisa J Anderson","doi":"10.1002/ehf2.15427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.15427","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11864,"journal":{"name":"ESC Heart Failure","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel mutation associated with non-compaction ventricular myocardium: A case report.","authors":"Yan Li, Xi Wang, Saiyong Chen, Chun Wu, Fushi Piao","doi":"10.1002/ehf2.15403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.15403","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11864,"journal":{"name":"ESC Heart Failure","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to 'Frailty determinants in heart failure: inflammatory markers, cognitive impairment and psychosocial interaction'.","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ehf2.15428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.15428","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11864,"journal":{"name":"ESC Heart Failure","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiometabolic outcomes with dapagliflozin after myocardial infarction by baseline ejection fraction: DAPA-MI.","authors":"David Erlinge, Stefan James, John Deanfield, Niclas Eriksson, Mark de Belder, Monér Alchay, David Austin, Daniel A Jones, Annica Ravn-Fischer, Sofia Sederholm Lawesson, Nikunj Shah, Julian W Strange, Karolina Szummer, Wilhelm Ridderstråle, Ehsan Parvaresh Rizi, Anna Maria Langkilde, Peter A Johansson, Darren K McGuire, Jonas Oldgren, Robert F Storey","doi":"10.1002/ehf2.15420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.15420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>In the randomized DAPA-MI clinical trial, 10 mg of dapagliflozin once daily improved cardiometabolic outcomes versus placebo after acute myocardial infarction (MI) in patients without established diabetes or heart failure (HF). We assessed associations between baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and cardiometabolic outcomes in DAPA-MI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The primary outcome, assessed using the win ratio method, was the hierarchical composite of death, hospitalization for HF, non-fatal MI, atrial fibrillation/flutter, Type 2 diabetes, New York Heart Association classification at last visit and body weight decrease of ≥5% from baseline to last visit. For the present analysis, patients were categorized using LVEF at randomization (<50% or ≥50%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the DAPA-MI participants with available LVEF data who received ≥1 dose of study drug (n = 3751), 2913 (77.7%) had LVEF <50% and 838 (22.3%) had LVEF ≥50%. The primary hierarchical composite outcome resulted in a win ratio favouring dapagliflozin of 1.38 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.57; P < 0.001) in patients with LVEF <50% and 1.32 (1.00, 1.73; P = 0.048) in patients with LVEF ≥ 50% (P interaction = 0.76). In a sensitivity analysis excluding patients with LVEF <30%, the primary hierarchical composite outcome resulted in a win ratio favouring dapagliflozin of 1.40 (95% CI: 1.22, 1.61; P < 0.001). There were no significant interactions between baseline LVEF and any secondary outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Regardless of baseline LVEF, dapagliflozin resulted in significant cardiometabolic benefits versus placebo, although there was no impact on the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF.</p>","PeriodicalId":11864,"journal":{"name":"ESC Heart Failure","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Galectin-3 and kidney function in type 2 diabetes treated with dapagliflozin: Analysis from DECLARE-TIMI 58.","authors":"Paul M Haller, Stephen D Wiviott, David D Berg, Petr Jarolim, Erica L Goodrich, Deepak L Bhatt, Ingrid Gause-Nilsson, Lawrence A Leiter, Darren K McGuire, John P H Wilding, Itamar Raz, Marc S Sabatine, David A Morrow","doi":"10.1002/ehf2.15415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.15415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a circulating biomarker of fibrosis, with higher levels being associated with an increased risk of progression of heart failure and kidney disease. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk of both.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DECLARE-TIMI 58 was a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of dapagliflozin in patients with T2DM with or at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and creatinine clearance ≥60 mL/min. In a nested biomarker substudy, Gal-3 was measured at baseline and in adjusted analyses associated with the prespecified kidney-specific composite endpoint [Kidney-EP; sustained ≥40% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to <60 mL/min, new end-stage kidney disease or adjudicated kidney-related death].</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 14 530 pts, median Gal-3 was 14.9 ng/mL [interquartile range (IQR), 11.9, 18.4]. Gal-3 was weakly associated with urine albumin creatinine ratio (r = 0.098, P < 0.0001) and eGFR (r = -0.27, P < 0.001) at baseline and independently associated with the Kidney-EP:adj hazard ratio (HR) 1.15 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 1.28] per 1-SD log (Gal-3), P = 0.013. Dapagliflozin significantly reduced the relative risk of the Kidney-EP across quartiles of baseline Gal-3 [overall HR 0.45 (95% CI 0.23, 0.85), P < 0.0001; P interaction = 0.87]. A greater risk difference was observed with dapagliflozin in patients with higher Gal-3, in whom a higher absolute risk at baseline was observed [absolute risk reduction (ARR) Q4 1.9 (95% CI 0.6, 3.2) vs. Q1 0.6% (-0.1, 1.3), ARR P trend 0.048].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Plasma Gal-3 is independently associated with the progression of kidney dysfunction in patients with T2DM and normal kidney function. There was a gradient of greater absolute benefit for reducing kidney disease progression in patients treated with dapagliflozin and with higher Gal-3 concentrations at baseline, in whom a higher absolute risk was observed.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01730534).</p>","PeriodicalId":11864,"journal":{"name":"ESC Heart Failure","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empagliflozin after myocardial infarction with or without diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from EMPACT-MI.","authors":"Francesco Fioretti, Javed Butler, Jacob A Udell, W Schuyler Jones, Mark C Petrie, Josephine Harrington, Michaela Mattheus, Johann Bauersachs, Antoni Bayes-Genis, Shaun G Goodman, Tomasz Gasior, James L Januzzi, Renato D Lopes, Piotr Ponikowski, Xavier Rossello, Morten Schou, Peter van der Meer, Dragos Vinereanu, Shelley Zieroth, Martina Brueckmann, Mikhail Sumin, Deepak L Bhatt, Adrian F Hernandez, Stefan D Anker","doi":"10.1002/ehf2.15393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.15393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the EMPACT-MI trial, empagliflozin did not reduce the primary endpoint of all-cause mortality or hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) but was associated with a risk reduction for HF events.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate whether the effect of empagliflozin on HF events is consistent in patients with and without type 2 diabetes and/or chronic kidney disease enrolled in the EMPACT-MI trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Post hoc analysis assessing the effect of empagliflozin on the primary endpoint and on HF events in AMI patients with and without an established recommendation for a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) (type 2 diabetes or chronic kidney disease).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 6522 participants, 3489 (53%) did not have type 2 diabetes and/or chronic kidney disease. Those without these conditions were younger and with fewer comorbidities. No differences were observed for the primary endpoint. Empagliflozin reduced time to first HHF, total HHF, time to adverse event (AE) of HF (including outpatient HF events) and total AEs of HF similarly in patients with and without type 2 diabetes or chronic kidney disease. Total HHFs were 50 and 63 [adjusted event rate 1.74 and 2.31 events per 100 patient-years; rate ratio (RR) 0.75; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48, 1.18] in patients without and 98 and 144 (adjusted event rate 3.91 and 6.04 events per 100 patient-years; RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.45, 0.94; P for interaction = 0.61) in those with type 2 diabetes or chronic kidney disease in the empagliflozin and placebo arms, respectively. Any AEs, serious AEs and AEs leading to permanent study drug discontinuation were similar between treatment groups in both subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Empagliflozin improved HF outcomes similarly in patients after AMI with or without type 2 diabetes or chronic kidney disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":11864,"journal":{"name":"ESC Heart Failure","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}