Applied Science and Biotechnology Journal for Advanced Research最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Fasciola Infection in Cattle- Ready- for -Slaughtering at some Abattoirs in Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Alaba, Praise O. Oluwalana, John O. Olayiwola","doi":"10.31033/abjar.2.6.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31033/abjar.2.6.2","url":null,"abstract":"Fascioliasis is one of the most prevalent and economically significant parasitic illnesses of domestic animals, particularly cattle, sheep, goats, and man. It is particularly widespread in countries with heavy cattle production especially places with low interest in vector-related diseases. Therefore, the study was designed to investigate the prevalence of this parasitic disease among the cattle slaughtered in the selected abattoirs in Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria. Two hundred and fifty (250) faecal samples were collected from the rectum of the slaughtered cattle. The samples were analyzed using the Formol-ether Concentration technique. Also, post mortem examination of the liver and other organs of the slaughtered cattle (250) at the abbattior were also examined for Fasciola infestation. The data were were analyzed with Chi-square at 5% level of significance using SPSS. It was observed that 77 (30.8%) were positive to fascioliasis out of the 250 slaughtered cattle examined. The prevalence of the infection based on the sex of the cattle was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.001).The percentage of fascioliasis depending on the breed of the cattle was observed to be lowest (25%) in Sokoto Gudali and highest (33.33%) in White Fulani. The analysis implied that there was a strong association between infection and cattle breeds. Prevalence of fascioliasis based on the estimated age of animals was not statistically significant however; animals aged 3 years and 6 months had the highest percentage (54.1%) while those within 2 years and 6 months had no cases of fascioliasis. Fascioliasis is an endemic illness in the study area among cattle slaughtered for consumption. This suggests the possibility of human infestation through consumption especially when it is under-processed. The need for health policy to ensure slaughtering of healthy cattle become important to ensure safe public health especially through consumption of meat. Also, public health intervention through mass vaccination of cattle, education of cattle farmers and introduction of veterinary inspectors at the point of slaughter is important in controlling Fascioliasis.","PeriodicalId":118097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Biotechnology Journal for Advanced Research","volume":"808 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139203029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Invasions of Begomoviruses: A Case Study of TYLCV and Bemisia tabaci in Oman","authors":"Q. M. I. Haq, Fatma H. Alrasbi, Alzahra A. A. Alnaabi, Marwa S. M. Alsaadi","doi":"10.31033/abjar.2.6.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31033/abjar.2.6.1","url":null,"abstract":"This review article provides an in-depth analysis of the biological invasions of begomoviruses, focusing on a prominent case study involving the Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) and its vector, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, in the unique agricultural landscape of Oman. Begomoviruses, known for their global impact on crop yields, have become a significant concern in Oman, posing a serious threat to the cultivation of various crops, particularly tomatoes. The review begins by exploring the molecular characteristics and ecological dynamics of TYLCV and Bemisia tabaci, shedding light on the intricate interactions between the virus, the vector, and the host plants. Through a comprehensive analysis of historical data and recent research findings, the article examines the patterns and pathways of invasion, elucidating the factors contributing to the successful establishment and spread of TYLCV in Oman. The impacts of TYLCV invasion on agricultural productivity and crop quality are critically evaluated, providing insights into the specific challenges faced by Omani farmers. Special attention is given to the socio-economic repercussions of TYLCV-induced crop losses, emphasizing the need for adaptive management strategies to mitigate the negative consequences on food security and rural livelihoods. Furthermore, the review assesses the current state of knowledge regarding the management and control of TYLCV and Bemisia tabaci in Oman. It discusses the successes and limitations of existing strategies, ranging from conventional practices to innovative biotechnological approaches, providing a foundation for future research directions and the development of sustainable management practices in the context of biological invasions of begomoviruses in Oman. Overall, this review contributes to a nuanced understanding of the complex interplay between invasive begomoviruses, their vectors, and local agricultural systems, offering valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners engaged in crop protection and biosecurity in Oman and beyond.","PeriodicalId":118097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Biotechnology Journal for Advanced Research","volume":"22 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139207898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dilemma to Dominance: Decoding the Evolution of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry - A Case Study","authors":"A. Bose, Dr. Rajesh K. Pandey","doi":"10.31033/abjar.2.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31033/abjar.2.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"The Indian pharmaceutical industry has undergone a significant evolution, transitioning from a domestically-focused sector to a global powerhouse. Initially, Indian pharmaceutical companies primarily catered to domestic healthcare needs. However, with the implementation of economic reforms in the 1990s, the industry witnessed rapid growth and expanded into international markets. The Indian pharmaceutical industry has experienced a remarkable transformation, establishing itself as a global leader in the production and export of generic drugs. The industry has demonstrated superior growth performance, making it one of the fastest-growing sectors worldwide. Productivity levels and innovation play a significant role in determining competitiveness, and the Indian pharmaceutical industry has shown impressive capabilities in these areas. Government policies have been instrumental in driving the industry's self-sufficiency and internationalization. The establishment of public sector pharmaceutical enterprises and the introduction of intellectual property regulations, pricing control, and research and development (R&D) support have propelled the industry's growth. \u0000This case study aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the journey of the Indian pharmaceutical industry, exploring its growth, challenges, and the dilemma it faces in balancing innovation and affordability. By examining the sector's perspective, challenges, and identified dilemmas, this case study aims to equip readers with a comprehensive understanding of the industry. The case delves into the journey and challenges faced by the Indian pharmaceutical industry. It investigates the industry's growth, the perspective of Indian pharmaceutical companies, the challenges they encounter, and the identified dilemmas. The case also provides teaching notes and objectives to enhance the readers' knowledge and decision-making skills within the pharmaceutical industry.","PeriodicalId":118097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Biotechnology Journal for Advanced Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126564958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiological Diagnosis and Correlation of Chromoblastomycosis with Climatic Variables of Weather Stations in Villa Clara, Cuba","authors":"Dianiley García Gómez, Ricardo Osés Rodríguez, Daniel Artiles Martínez, M. Teresa, Illnait Zaragozí, David del Valle Laveaga, H. G. Garces, R. F. Duarte","doi":"10.31033/abjar.2.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31033/abjar.2.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"In Villa Clara province, Cuba, microorganisms and climatic conditions coexist for the development of the infectious entity chromoblastomycosis. Besides, there is a high percentage of agricultural and handicraft workers exposed to acquiring this infection. The objective of the research consisted in describing the etiological diagnosis and correlating chromoblastomycosis with average climatic variables of the meteorological stations located in Villa Clara. Between 2018-2022, a descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of 25 patients diagnosed with chromoblastomycosis by anatomopathological and microbiological studies. Absolute frequencies were used as a summary measure, and for correlation with climatic data from the five meteorological stations, inferential statistics. Of the total number of patients, 92% were diagnosed by anatomopathological studies and only 2/8% had mycological studies, in which the species Fonsecaea pedrosoi was isolated. There was a significant correlation between mean temperature (p=0.045) and mean predicted wind (p=0.028) and the number of cases. This was not the case with relative air humidity (p>0.05). It is concluded that in Villa Clara province, only the etiological agent F. pedrosoi was the cause of the disease during the period studied, with a significant relationship between the disease and the average climatic variables mean temperature and mean predicted wind.","PeriodicalId":118097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Biotechnology Journal for Advanced Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133407043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Framework for the Development of an Enhanced Machine Learning Algorithm for Non-Cognitive Variables Influencing Students’ Performance using Feature Extraction","authors":"Ogunsakin O. Yetunde, Ayeni Joshua Ayobami, Ganiyu Aminat Abidemi","doi":"10.31033/abjar.2.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31033/abjar.2.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"Machine learning is a powerful tool for creating computational models in scientific analysis in areas where there is need to extract hidden data such as educational data. In order to make planning easier and identify at-risk students who may be in danger of failing or dropping out of school due to their academic performance, Educational Data Mining (EDM) uses computational tools. In this paper, a framework using machine learning approach was proposed to develop an enhanced algorithm for non-cognitive variables influencing students’ performance using feature extraction. In the framework, the Decision Tree (DT) and Linear Support  Vector Machine (SVM) are proposed as base classifiers, and Random Forest (RF) and Gradient Boosting (GB) as ensemble classifiers. The DT classifier allows the classification process to be modelled as a series of hierarchical decisions on the features, forming a tree-like structure. Using this technique, planning and predicting students who might be at-risk of dropping out would have been made easier.","PeriodicalId":118097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Biotechnology Journal for Advanced Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126841172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}