Biological Invasions of Begomoviruses: A Case Study of TYLCV and Bemisia tabaci in Oman

Abstract

This review article provides an in-depth analysis of the biological invasions of begomoviruses, focusing on a prominent case study involving the Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) and its vector, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, in the unique agricultural landscape of Oman. Begomoviruses, known for their global impact on crop yields, have become a significant concern in Oman, posing a serious threat to the cultivation of various crops, particularly tomatoes. The review begins by exploring the molecular characteristics and ecological dynamics of TYLCV and Bemisia tabaci, shedding light on the intricate interactions between the virus, the vector, and the host plants. Through a comprehensive analysis of historical data and recent research findings, the article examines the patterns and pathways of invasion, elucidating the factors contributing to the successful establishment and spread of TYLCV in Oman. The impacts of TYLCV invasion on agricultural productivity and crop quality are critically evaluated, providing insights into the specific challenges faced by Omani farmers. Special attention is given to the socio-economic repercussions of TYLCV-induced crop losses, emphasizing the need for adaptive management strategies to mitigate the negative consequences on food security and rural livelihoods. Furthermore, the review assesses the current state of knowledge regarding the management and control of TYLCV and Bemisia tabaci in Oman. It discusses the successes and limitations of existing strategies, ranging from conventional practices to innovative biotechnological approaches, providing a foundation for future research directions and the development of sustainable management practices in the context of biological invasions of begomoviruses in Oman. Overall, this review contributes to a nuanced understanding of the complex interplay between invasive begomoviruses, their vectors, and local agricultural systems, offering valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners engaged in crop protection and biosecurity in Oman and beyond.