{"title":"Modeling of hydropower plant in islanded mode for different operating conditions","authors":"Sachin Mishra, Suresh Kumar Sudabattula, Nagaraju Dharavat, Naveen Kumar Sharma and Vinay Kumar Jadoun","doi":"10.1088/2631-8695/ad68c5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad68c5","url":null,"abstract":"Most countries have access to abundant water resources through rivers and canals. Utilizing this renewable resource, electricity can be generated in an environmentally friendly manner without causing pollution. In rapidly developing countries like India with the abundance of natural resources and diversities, the development of Hydropower is gaining in importance to meet the country’s demand. This work discusses the different operating conditions that may occur in real time of the standalone hydro power generation system. In this work, various operating conditions are considered in terms of faults and disturbances that occur on the load side. These effects of faults and disturbances may be caused in the generating side. It takes into consideration some major events from the load side i.e. small disturbance, load addition, load rejection, large disturbance. In this work, the above-mentioned objectives are achieved by creating a model of a hydro power plant in MATLAB Simulink and keeping its operating environment same, simulate different scenarios related to load side, and study its effect on the generator and generating system. This is achieved by changing the load side for different conditions like introducing a small fault into the system, changing the load on a larger scale, etc The conditions that are introduced are simulated in a period of 10 s time frame. The reaction of the generating side from these conditions is recorded and plotted on parameters that can show the effect directly on the generator.","PeriodicalId":11753,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Express","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Object slip detection sensor based on triboelectric nanogenerator","authors":"Yongqiang Zhu, Guangyao Zhou and Pingxia Zhang","doi":"10.1088/2631-8695/ad68c4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad68c4","url":null,"abstract":"Existing gripping devices limit the way of gripping the object, and the object may slide due to insufficient friction, when the manipulator grips the object, the object may slip phenomenon, which leads to the manipulator can not complete the gripping work normally. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a robotic slipping sensor to detect the slipping state of the object and its slipping distance, the sensor through the friction of two different materials and electrostatic induction phenomenon of triboelectricity and the peak voltage signal to determine whether the contact object produces the phenomenon of slipping and its slipping distance. This design integrates two rectangular copper foils and two polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films together to form a triboelectricity nanogenerator in independent layer mode, which judges the slip distance of an object by the peak voltage signal generated by the object’s slip, which is flexible and can be combined with a robot to make the robot more flexible and convenient in its work. In order to verify the performance of this sensor, horizontal slip test and vertical slip test were conducted. In the horizontal slip test and vertical slip test, the peak voltage signal output from the TENG sensor has a linear relationship with the slip distance of the object. The sensor and the object contact slip process ends after 100 ms, the oscilloscope will output the peak voltage signal, so that according to the size of the peak voltage signal to determine the object in the range of 0–10 cm slip distance, for judging whether the object appears to slip phenomenon and the occurrence of the phenomenon of the slip distance it produces provides a flexible program.","PeriodicalId":11753,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Express","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating fault detection strategies for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles","authors":"Hethu Avinash Dasari and Rammohan A","doi":"10.1088/2631-8695/ad68c7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad68c7","url":null,"abstract":"Electric Vehicles (EVs) are a rapidly growing segment in India’s automotive sector, with an expected 70% growth by 2030. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) rechargeable batteries are favoured because of their high efficiency in power and energy delivery, along with fast charging, long lifespan, low self-discharge, and environmental friendliness. However, as a crucial subsystem in EVs, batteries are susceptible to faults arising from various factors. Li-ion battery faults can be categorized as internal or external. Internal faults stem from over-charging, over-discharging, overheating, acceleration and degradation processes, short circuits, and thermal runaway. External faults are caused by sensor malfunctions, cooling system failures, and cell connection problems. A Battery Management System (BMS) plays an essential role in regulating battery operation, monitoring its health status, and implementing fault diagnostic techniques. Fault diagnostic algorithms running on the BMS enable early or post-fault detection and control measures to minimize the consequences of faults, thereby ensuring battery safety and reliability. This paper reviews various internal and external battery fault diagnosis methods. In addition to battery fault detection, this work conducts a comparative analysis of optimization techniques for fault diagnosis, including Fuzzy Clustering, Long Short-Term Memory, Support Vector Machines, and Particle Swarm Optimization.","PeriodicalId":11753,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Express","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed Njianga Yende, Clement Mbinack, Ghanshyam Singh, Guy Ayissi Eyebe and Joseph Mebara Mbida
{"title":"Dual-band dual-truncated R-slot loaded monopole patch antenna using a single-layer bandstop FSS reflector for gain enhancement","authors":"Mohamed Njianga Yende, Clement Mbinack, Ghanshyam Singh, Guy Ayissi Eyebe and Joseph Mebara Mbida","doi":"10.1088/2631-8695/ad68cb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad68cb","url":null,"abstract":"New reflector structure (RS) based on ultra-wide stopband single-layer frequency selective structure (FSS) for mid-band sub-6 GHz 5G applications is designed. The proposed RS is arranged into array of 7 × 7-unit cell of FSS elements for antenna gain and front-to-back ratio enhancement. The single antenna element of volume 30 × 20 × 1.6 (in mm3) consists of a dual-quarter-circular truncated edge-fed rectangular slot (R-slot) loaded rectangular patch (R-patch) antenna with degraded ground structure (DGS) to operate at 3.6 GHz mid-band sub-6 GHz 5G and 5.8 GHz WBAN band. The proposed unit cell FSS element, the RS of volume 55.5 × 55.5 × 13.2 (in mm3) and the associated antenna are designed on lossy thin FR-4 substrate material and investigated numerically using commercial computer simulation technology microwave studio (CST-MS) software. The studied dual-structure based RS made with array of single-layer FSS and monopole R-patch antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured impedance bandwidth (IBW) of 48.28% (3.06–4.85 GHz) and 86.20% (5–10 GHz), peak gain of 5.36 and 7.45 dBi, radiation efficiency of 67.11% and 80.16%, and front-to-back ratio of 12.23 dB and 22.84 dB are achieved at the resonant frequencies 3.5 and 5.8 GHz respectively. The FSS reflector associated with the dual-band monopole R-patch antenna performances are in good agreement with the portable wireless applications requirements.","PeriodicalId":11753,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Express","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Semi-active control implementation in aircraft landing gear systems using hardware-in-the-loop test bench","authors":"Ali Suat Yıldız and Sefa Burhan Eker","doi":"10.1088/2631-8695/ad68c3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad68c3","url":null,"abstract":"In small-sized aircraft landing gear systems, magnetorheological (MR) dampers offer an innovative approach to adjusting damping levels under wide range of operating situations in order to achieve competing control objectives such as ride comfort, suspension travel, and energy consumption. Also, MR dampers have nonlinear dynamics and exhibit hysteresis. In this context, this paper aims to present a Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) technique for the implementation of backstepping control and linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control. Experimental results highlight that, compared to passive suspension (Passive Off), backstepping control and LQR control approaches reduce the fuselage vertical acceleration by 29.13% and 24.95%, respectively. Moreover, the ISO 2631 standard was adopted to evaluate ride comfort. LQR control can able to minimize the fuselage roll acceleration under a random road profile. Also, LQR control provides the highest performance in terms of fuselage roll acceleration, achieving a 6.2% improvement with lower energy consumption. By utilizing HIL, semi-active control methods can be tested and developed without the need for the aircraft, while keeping the characteristics that the physical aircraft would bring.","PeriodicalId":11753,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Express","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Verlin W Joseph, David I K Moniz-Lewis, Dylan K Richards, Matthew R Pearson, Jason B Luoma, Katie Witkiewitz
{"title":"Internalized Shame Among Justice-Involved Women in Substance Use Disorder Treatment: Measurement Invariance and Changes During Treatment.","authors":"Verlin W Joseph, David I K Moniz-Lewis, Dylan K Richards, Matthew R Pearson, Jason B Luoma, Katie Witkiewitz","doi":"10.1037/sah0000427","DOIUrl":"10.1037/sah0000427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shame is one of the leading barriers to successful recovery in substance use treatment settings. This secondary analysis study examined measurement invariance of the Internalized Shame Scale (ISS) and explored changes in shame during treatment. Participants (N=105) in the parent study were recruited from a nonprofit residential treatment center for justice-involved women and were randomized to receive mindfulness-based relapse prevention or relapse prevention treatment. A series of confirmatory factor analyses were used to assess measurement invariance in a one-factor measurement model of the ISS. Latent growth curve modeling was used to examine change in shame over time. Our findings support the assumption of measurement invariance across multiple time points and across treatment conditions, supporting comparisons of stigma scores across groups and over time. Although we observed significant reductions in shame from pre- to post-treatment, there were no differences across treatment conditions. Additional research is needed to determine how distinct treatment components relate to reductions in shame among individuals receiving treatment for a substance use disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":11753,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Express","volume":"3 1","pages":"303-310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11293465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83229029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Piyush Mishra, Bhupendra Pratap Singh, Ved Varun Agrawal
{"title":"Deciphering split ring resonators: understanding theoretical validation and simulation implications","authors":"Piyush Mishra, Bhupendra Pratap Singh, Ved Varun Agrawal","doi":"10.1088/2631-8695/ad5a62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad5a62","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a comparative analysis of analytical calculations and simulation results of a single-ring split ring resonator (SRR). A simulated SRR made of aluminum, designed in high frequency structure simulator (HFSS), with the resonant frequency of 3.97 GHz with transmission loss of −47.7 dB. The initial gap, width, and thickness of the ring are set at 1 mm, 1 mm, and 3 mm, respectively. These geometrical parameters are subsequently varied in simulations, and theoretical calculations are conducted for each variation using Python 3.10 code to facilitate comparative analysis. The analytical calculations reveal certain limitations in accurately modeling the impact of fringing and radiation, particularly when dealing with smaller dimensions. Although there exist slight disparities between the simulated and calculated outcomes, it is evident that the theoretically derived results exhibit a close correspondence with simulated responses, particularly for dimensions that are not excessively small. This observation underscores the confirmation that an augmentation in the gap of the Split Ring Resonator (SRR) leads to an elevation in the resonant frequency. Furthermore, by maintaining a constant inner radius and adjusting the outer radius to modulate the width of the SRR, a decrease in the resonant frequency is noted with an increase in the width of the metallic ring. Similarly, an increase in the thickness of the ring contributes to a reduction in the resonant frequency This comprehensive investigation provides a valuable methodology for corroborating theoretically derived results with simulation data. Additionally, the research underscores the diverse resonances that can be achieved by fine-tuning the gap, width, and thickness of the split ring resonator, highlighting the significance of selecting these dimensions carefully to attain specific resonant frequencies.","PeriodicalId":11753,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Express","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141871411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samrat Hazra, Subhajit Chattopadhyay, Soumyabrata Chakravarty and Nirmal kumar Mandal
{"title":"Tribology of Mg-B4C nanocomposites fabricated following powder metallurgy route","authors":"Samrat Hazra, Subhajit Chattopadhyay, Soumyabrata Chakravarty and Nirmal kumar Mandal","doi":"10.1088/2631-8695/ad652f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad652f","url":null,"abstract":"In this experimental work, magnesium nanocomposite reinforced with various percentage of boron carbide (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% by volume) is fabricated using conventional powder metallurgy technique. Characterisation and wear test of the fabricated composite have been performed using scanning electron microscopy, tribology test monitor respectively. It is observed that addition of B4C increases the hardness and wear resistance linearly. Addition of 2% B4C produces the hardness of the nanocomposites as high as 57.93 ± 4.9 Hv. Furthermore, the nanocomposites displayed improved wear resistance and lower friction coefficient compared to the base magnesium. The influence of sliding speed on these properties has been systematically presented. The paper provides an in-depth exploration of wear mechanisms through a meticulous analysis of SEM micrographs of worn surfaces. This work offers valuable insights into the microstructural characteristics and tribological behaviour of Mg-B4C nanocomposites. These findings underscore the potential application of Mg-B4C nanocomposites in the development of lightweight wear-resistant materials. The impact of incorporating minute amounts of nano-sized boron carbide into Mg, on its behaviour under small loads and repeated scratching has been investigated in this study. Moreover, introspection of the wear mechanisms and the effectiveness of the powder metallurgy technique in fabricating composite materials is presented.","PeriodicalId":11753,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Express","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuan Tan, Shui Zhao, Xiaorong Lv, Shifen Shao, Bingyan Chen and Xiyan Fan
{"title":"Graph constrained empirical wavelet transform and its application in bearing fault diagnosis","authors":"Yuan Tan, Shui Zhao, Xiaorong Lv, Shifen Shao, Bingyan Chen and Xiyan Fan","doi":"10.1088/2631-8695/ad612e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad612e","url":null,"abstract":"The signal decomposition based on frequency domain distribution is a fundamental methodology for mechanical component fault diagnosis. However, existing methods face challenges such as susceptibility to noise interference and limited adaptability. Therefore, this paper proposes the graph constrained empirical wavelet transform (GCEWT) method. This method introduces structured information, such as the interrelationships among different parts of the frequency domain distribution of vibration signals, into the boundary detection process of empirical wavelet transform. The high-dimensional connectivity among different parts of the time-frequency distribution is utilized to construct an adjacency matrix. By constructing an adjacent graph, the proposed method encodes the adjacency relationships among frequency bands to constrain the low-dimensional spatial relationships between them. In conjunction with spectral clustering algorithms, the GCEWT method determines the boundaries for empirical wavelet transformation in the frequency domain. This approach achieves structured and adaptive decomposition of vibration signals from components of critical equipment, facilitating the structured and adaptive extraction of fault features. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using vibration data from both wind turbine drivetrain systems and aircraft engines. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method yields more reasonable signal decomposition results compared to traditional algorithms. Additionally, the proposed method proves to be more effective in extracting weak fault features of bearings in the presence of noise.","PeriodicalId":11753,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Express","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141740488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V M Revathi, K Subramani, S Krishnakumar, Ahmed Hussein Alawadi, R Senthil Kumar and Siva Ganesh Malla
{"title":"A modified invasive weed optimization for MPPT of PV based water pumping system driven by induction motor","authors":"V M Revathi, K Subramani, S Krishnakumar, Ahmed Hussein Alawadi, R Senthil Kumar and Siva Ganesh Malla","doi":"10.1088/2631-8695/ad5cd3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad5cd3","url":null,"abstract":"A novel approach called Modified Invasive Weed Optimization (MIWO) technique has been developed and combined with the Perturb and Observes (P&O) algorithm to enhance the extraction of maximum power from photovoltaic (PV) panels in the presence of partial shading conditions. The conventional P&O algorithm falls short in extracting the maximum power from PV systems under partial shading conditions due to the existence of multiple maximum points. In such scenarios, optimization techniques can be employed to search for the global maximum point. The proposed MIWO-based P&O algorithm updates the reference voltage to ensure that the PV system operates at the Maximum Power Point (MPP) based on the prevailing weather conditions. This MIWO based PV system is further fed to water pumping system. A PV-based water pumping system is utilized for both irrigation and domestic purposes. Additionally, a sensorless vector control-based induction motor is employed in this study to drive the pump. The objective of this research is to demonstrate the achievement of an efficient PV-based water pumping system without the need for battery storage. Various results based on MIWO are compared with PSO and GWO. The results are presented based on various water pumping applications and the availability of solar irradiance during rapid climate changes. MATLAB/Simulink simulations, along with hardware-based experiments, are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method under both transient and steady-state conditions.","PeriodicalId":11753,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Express","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141740479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}