International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Cashew Nuts Production and Marketing among Farmers in Ugwolawo District, Kogi State, Nigeria","authors":"Agada, Mary Ojotule, Sule, Etemayi Mustapha","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0605001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0605001","url":null,"abstract":"Cashew is reportedly ranked third in world production of edible nuts that are traded globally [2]. The annual world production of cashew nuts was about 3,186,039 tons and Nigeria was rated the second among the top ten producers with 660,000 tons after Vietnam as the highest producer with 961,000 tons [3]. The introduction of Brazilian cashew biotype with improved and desirable nuts and quality characteristics by the Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN) has further increased the popularity of the crop and the spread in Nigeria [4].The contribution of Kogi State to the nation’s production is about 30% annually, while the Eastern part of the State accounted for about 60% of the State’s production [5]. The average yield of the nuts of a mature cashew tree ranges from 7-11kg per annum [5]. In Nigeria, cashew nuts exports represent 78% of non-oil export earnings. The estimated export value varies from US$ 2535 million annually, and supplements the income of about 50,000 farmers and an additional 55,000 people who are employed down its value chain [6, 7]. Nigeria tops the countries that produce the best cashew nuts, followed by India, Cote d Ivoire and Philippines [8].","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126529986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coffee Thrips, Diarthrothrips Coffeae Williams (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) a Threatening Pest to Coffee ( Coffeaarabica L.) Production in Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Negasu Guteta, Ano Wariyo, GizachewAtinafu, H. Gebreselassie","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0308005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0308005","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia is the origin of coffee (Coffeaarabica L.) and coffee is one of the most valuable crop in the country. However, its production is constrained by various factors both biotic and abiotic such as insect pests, diseases, weeds, poor management practices, soil infertility and poor pricing. Among insect pests, coffee thrips (Diarthrothripscoffeae) is becoming potentially important insect pest of coffee production in Southern Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence, incidence and distribution of coffee thrips in the major coffee growing of southern Ethiopia. Following the outbreak of a coffee thrips infestation on coffee trials at Awada Agricultural Research Sub-center in March 2017, field surveys were conducted at different coffee testing site and farmers’ fields. During surveys, coffee plants were examined visually as well as aided with magnifying glasses at different growth stages of the crop. The infestation of the coffee thrips was carefully examined by randomly taking ten to fifty plants from each field using a 10x hand lens for the presence or absence of coffee thrips. Result indicated that the pest was heavily infested and widely distributed in survey areas of coffee plantation field. High infestation level and damage level occur at Awada Agricultural Research Sub-center station and followed by Amarokelle sub-station site, Dale Woreda (farmers’ fields) and Lekutesting site. Low infestation and damage level occour at Wonago sub-station site, Kumatotesting site, Dillatesting site, Shakiso Woreda (farmers’ fields) and Adola Woreda (farmers’ fields). A large mass of coffee thrips were visible on upper and lower leaves coffee and observed at surveys areas regardless age and varieties coffee plants. Coffee thrips was found to feed on upper and lower leaves of coffee and green shoots makes irregular grey or silvery patches covered by numerous tiny black spots as a result of the sucking of the plant fluids and removal of the chlorophyll and other plant pigments. Attacked of the plant by the pest gradually drying of the leaves and ultimately leading to the death of the whole plant. Highest infestation and damage level were occurred in March and become lower and lower in April and May and disappear in June of 2017.This may due to high drought and high temperatures occur in the March. This study important for farmers, researchers, agricultural extension experts and development agentsto aware the problem coffee thrips need to be alerted, trained on the identify and damage symptoms so that they can detect the infestation by the coffee thrips as early as possible.","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122168288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of the Wood Industry in Kenya; Technology Development, Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"G. Muthike, J. Githiomi","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.03010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.03010005","url":null,"abstract":"Forest sector continues to support livelihoods in Kenyan, providing forest-related goods and services. The Kenya Green Economy Strategy Implementation Plan 2015 (GoK, 2015) STATES THAT NATURAL RESOURSE-BASED SECTORS CONTRIBUTE ABOUT 42% OF THE COUNTRY‟S GDP. It‟s most significant contributions are in energy for industrial processes and domestic use. Other major uses include timber for building and construction as well as environmental services such as regulation of water flows, local climate conditions and provision of carbon reservoirs and sinks (Githiomiet al., 2012). The forest cover in Kenya declined during the period 1990–2000 from 7.98 to about 2.3%, but has now taken an upwad trend, due to improved afforestation activities and is projected to reach about 7.5% in 2018 (KFS, 2013).","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125542026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study the Indicators of Germination and Growth of Some Species of Weeds under Different Thermal Conditions.","authors":"Muhammad Al Sakran, K. Almhemed, T. Ustuner","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0609001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0609001","url":null,"abstract":"Germination of seeds is affected by many internal and external factors. The main external factors affecting seed's germination are oxygen, water, light, and temperature (Manoto et al., 2004). The temperature is one of the most important external factors that effect on seed's germination. Whereas, at low temperatures, the germination rate decreases, and with rising temperatures, this rate increases until it reaches the optimum level, but with the high temperature above this limit, the germination rate decreases as a result of the damage in the seeds (Fu et al., 2017). The appropriate temperature for most seeds to germinate is between 15 and 30 ‏°C. The effect of temperature depends on several factors, including the species, varieties, growth areas, seed's quality, and the period after the harvest (Shaban, 2013). It was noted that there was no germination of P. oleracea seeds at temperature 5 C° and the germination rate was very low at temperature 10 C° and the best temperature for germination was at 30 C°( Ustuner, 2002). A study conducted on the seeds of P. oleracea to determine the influence of temperatures on seed's germination in the lab conditions reported that the germination percentage in the dark/dark system was 81% at (25/15°C), while in the light/dark system, the germination was 70% at (25/15°C) ( Chauhan and Johnson, 2009). In other study to determine the effect of temperatures on seed germination in A. retroflexus, the results showed that the minimum temperature for seed germination was > 5 C; maximum germination occurred between 35 and 40 C (Ghorbani et al, 2017). The effects of temperature on seed's germination of nine Amaranthus species were tested under constant and rotating temperature regimens at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35° C. It has been reported that the constant and rotating temperatures regimens increased total germination of all Amaranthus species (Lawrence et al, 2004). A search was conducted to assess the influence of temperature on seed germination of E. immaculate. Where it was found that seeds germinated over a constant temperature estimated of 25 to 45°C with a 14-h photoperiod and at 30 to 50°C in continuous darkness with higher germination value reached 80% (Rayhaneh et al, 2015). In laboratory conditions, Abstract: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of temperature on the germination and growth indices of some species of weeds in laboratory conditions. The tested species were Amaranthusretroflexus L., Amaranthusblitoides S., Euphorbia maculata L., Portulacaoleracea L. and CuscutacampestrisYunck. To achieve this goal, the germination rate (GR), speed of germination (SG), Mean germination time (MGT), and the daily growth rate of seedlings (DGR) were calculated. The results showed that increasing temperatures to 35 ° C increases the value of the studied indicators. There was no significant difference between thermal treatments for A. retroflexus, the percentage of germination in all treatment was high, ","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131821268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of vineyard variaability: a simple and effective alternative to the precision viticulture","authors":"Alexey Sapsay, José Luis Aleixandre Tudó, J. L. Pérez, J. Benavent","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0203004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0203004","url":null,"abstract":"Each vine within a parcel has a specific growing force and depends on several factors such as type of rootstock, soil properties, water and nutritional status of the plant. The quality of grapes produced by the vines of different vigor is heterogeneous (if treated conventionally) which creates a general loss of quality of the harvest. Thus, the management of the heterogeneity of the vigor within a plot represents a particular interest in increasing the quality of the harvest and maximizing the qualitative potential of the parcel. The first year the plot is left without trimming so that each vine could express 100% of its vigor. In winter, the vine is pruned and the wood is then weighted for each plant. This weight is divided by 50 g (the weight of a stem of 1 m. 20 cm) to avoid trimming during the growing period and to have a possibility to repeat the procedure the following year. The number obtained is the load that must be left for the vine for the current year. The load is then corrected by green pruning for each vine. All plants are divided into four groups of different vigor in order to compare the quality of grapes and wine from each group. After two years of using the technique of dividing vegetative mass on a specific number of shoots per vine, it was found that the wines made of grapes from vines of four groups studied are only slightly different at the analytical and organoleptic level. The average length of stems has been brought to the same level for all the 4 groups of vigor. Keyword: vineyard variability, precision viticulture, vigor management, pruning, vine balance.","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130434609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on Impact of Plant Breeding in Crop Improvement,Ethiopia","authors":"Desalegn Alemayehu","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0309005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0309005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130520998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Major Red Beans Marketing Channels in Halaba Special District, Ethiopia","authors":"A. Kabeto","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0312002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0312002","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia is among the top pulse producing countries in the world. Pulse occupies 11 percent of the total grain production of the country and second most important in the national diet next to cereals. The crop occupies the third position in Ethiopian export earnings next to coffee and oil crops (Mulugeta, 2010). Production volume of pulse crop is increasing in the country while only 13 percent of the total produces joining market in the presence of increasing demands both at local and international markets (ibid). In Ethiopia common beans (red and white) production is increasing due to its increased domestic and international demands. In the country common beans solely produced by smallholder farmers and the production was increased from 138 thousand tons to 463 thousand tons in 2012. The country earned 19 million USD and 95.3million USD in 2005 and 2012 respectively from common beans export market. In the country the value chain of beans remains underdeveloped and hence smallholder farmers and traders earn a low share from the commodity (FAO, 2015).","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123365419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Production Efficiency, Productivity Variances and Resource Allocation among Smallholder Farmers of Soybean Producers: Evidence from Benishangul-Gumuz Region Ethiopia","authors":"R. D. Wake, Mesay Yami, A. Bekele","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0507003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0507003","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean is among the important pulse crops grown in different parts of Ethiopia as stable food and income generation source. The country has immense potentials for soybean production and popularized in different parts of the country with multiple food and economic advantages for smallscale farmers. It is used as food for home consumption, raw materials for local factories and feed for animal as indicated by Abebe (2017) and Sisay (2017). According to Tinsley (2009) and Adelodun (2011) soybean crop has relatively high protein content (about 40%) with a good balance of the essential amino acids, unsaturated and non-cholesterol fatty acid (approximately 20%) and contains vitamins such as thiamine, niacin, riboflavin, choline, vitamins E and K, which are necessary for normal body growth and development.","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130009594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Hymenoptera on Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.) Moench, 1794 (Malvaceae) Seed Yields at Bilone (Obala, Cameroon)","authors":"Pharaon Mbianda Auguste, Douka Chantale, Dounia, Fernand-Nestor Tchuenguem, Fohouo","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0708001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0708001","url":null,"abstract":"In Bilone (Obala, Cameroon), during the mild raining season (March-June) in 2019 and 2020, the flowers of Abelmoschus esculentus (Malvaceae) were observed for the study of the activities of Hymenoptera and the determination of the impact of these insects on the yields seedlings of this Malvaceae. Treatments included unlimited floral access by all visitors and bagged flowers to avoid all insect pollinators. The results show that on flowers of A. esculentus, 9 species of insects were recorded. The Hymenoptera occupied the first rank with 84.76 % of the visits. These bees prey on the flowers in the morning and evening, with a peak between 09 10 am. His visits correspond to a very good harvest of the nectar and a weak harvest of the pollen. Comparing the yields of free flowers to those of isolated insects, there is an increase in the number of seeds per pod of 20.59 % in 2019 and 20.87 in 2020 and the percentage of normal seeds of 02.38 % in 2019 and 5.28% in 2020 due to Hymenoptera. This improvement in yields is justified by the positive action of these arthropods on the pollination of the flowers they visit. Therefore, conservation of nests and colonies of Hymenoptera close to A. esculentus crop fields should be recommended to improve pod and seed production in the locality.","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128293199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariate Analysis of Genetic Divergent of Ethiopian Mustard ( Brasica carinata A. Braun) Landraces in Relation to Leafy Vegetative Agro morphological Traits","authors":"F. Amsalu, S. Alamerew, B. Woyessa","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0307002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0307002","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was carried out to assess the extent and patterns of genetic variability of Ethiopian mustard land races in relation to topped plant seed yield and its related leafy vegetative traits at Holetta Agricultural research Center, Ethiopia. Information on the leaves of morphological traits of Ethiopian mustards as a leaf vegetable crop is lacking specifically that of time of defoliation to get dual purpose of the crop (leaf and seed). Therefore forty nine genotypes of Ethiopian mustard land races collected from different agro ecologies were evaluated for agro morphological traits in order to assess the genetic diversity that exists among these materials. The experiment was carried out in a simple lattice design. Univariate analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among genotypes for leaf length, Length of Petiole, leaf width and leaf area traits but seed yield per plant leaf topped at 40, 50th and 60 growth stages of days of topping, leaf weight per plant topped to these similar days of topping and number of intact leaves at flowering showed non-significant differences. The significant difference indicates the existence of genetic variability among the accessions which is important for improvement of these traits. Average weight of 2.7g of seed yield per plant of defoliated could be attained by utilization of leaves in the 50 th day of growth stage of topping. Multivariate analyses resulted in the formation of four clusters and have shown the presence of substantial genetic diversity among the genotypes. The present study revealed the presence of considerable variability among genotypes for leaf length, Length of Petiole, leaf width and leaf area traits except seed yield per plant, leaf biomass per plant topped at 40 , 50 and 60 growth stage days of topping and number of intact leaves at flowering. The significant difference of results indicates that the presence of good opportunity to improve these characters using the tested genotypes.","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130701110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}