Volume 2: Mechanics and Behavior of Active Materials; Structural Health Monitoring; Bioinspired Smart Materials and Systems; Energy Harvesting; Emerging Technologies最新文献

{"title":"Optimum Study of Power Efficiency of a THUNDER Harvester","authors":"Nahid Hasan, Shang Wang, A. Arab, Fengxia Wang","doi":"10.1115/SMASIS2018-8031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/SMASIS2018-8031","url":null,"abstract":"A piezoelectric-coupled finite element model for a THUNDER harvester (THin layer UNimorph DrivER) is developed and studied in this work. THUNDER is a curved piezoelectric energy generator developed by NASA Langley Research Center, which has better vibration absorption and higher energy recovery efficiency at low-frequency vibration compared to a flat PZT harvester. To apprehend the piezoelectric effect of the THUNDER harvester, finite element method was used to perform the piezoelectric coupled field analysis. Piezoelectric THUNDER harvester was studied under cantilever boundary condition. In the model, the excitation forces are distribution force allied on the top of the dome line. An electric circuit element was used to create load resistance across the electrodes to obtain the generated voltage and power. The effect of the geometric parameter was investigated via the varying radius of curvature, which affects the resonance frequency, voltage, and power output of the THUNDER. Good agreement between finite element analysis and experimental results were also observed. In finite element analysis: Modal analysis was carried out to find the resonance frequency at which maximum performance characteristics of the THUNDER can be achieved. Then, the harmonic analysis was performed to distinguish the voltage and power output variation as the load resistance changes. The effects of the varying radius of curvature on the power efficiency of the THUNDER were summarized.","PeriodicalId":117187,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Mechanics and Behavior of Active Materials; Structural Health Monitoring; Bioinspired Smart Materials and Systems; Energy Harvesting; Emerging Technologies","volume":"209 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133840311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Color Changing Actuators: A Review Towards Designing Cyanosis in a Baby Manikin Simulator","authors":"N. Azmi, F. Delbressine, L. Feijs, P. Andriessen, T. Pols","doi":"10.1115/SMASIS2018-8248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/SMASIS2018-8248","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on the realistic color generation and color change due to cyanosis which refers to the blue coloration around the lips’ area. The design requirements for the manikin were identified based on the color measurement and corrections of cyanosis in images of real babies. The classification of the literature study is according to physics working principles based on energy. A reversible color changing mechanism is achievable by stimuli of external energy such as electric, heat, mechanical, light and magnetic energy. Here, the overview of cyanosis coloration is presented to serve as a basis for a new design of a physiologically-inspired color change actuator for cyanosis in a baby manikin. A state-of-the-art review of color change actuators in the desired color ranges, switching time, dimensions and shape, including the safety issues of each actuating working principle, is presented. Employing a simplified version of the Weighted Objectives method, the practical value of the actuator types was evaluated by assigning scores to each actuator’s type, which indicates their criteria. This work highlights the design’s specifications which aim to design a cyanosis color change actuator in the near future. Ultimately, the envisioned system will increase the efficiency of the visual evaluation and assessment of cyanosis coloration in medical training.","PeriodicalId":117187,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Mechanics and Behavior of Active Materials; Structural Health Monitoring; Bioinspired Smart Materials and Systems; Energy Harvesting; Emerging Technologies","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122327271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Chemo-Mechatronic Origami Device for Chemical Sensing","authors":"Chang Liu, Conor M. Gomes, Kevin McDonald, L. Deravi, Samuel M. Felton","doi":"10.1115/SMASIS2018-8005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/SMASIS2018-8005","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design, fabrication, and operation of a chemo-mechatronic system that changes its geometry and electrical functionality in the presence of specific chemical signals. To accomplish this, we integrated a protein hydrogel with an aluminum substrate and flexible circuit in a low-profile laminate. To demonstrate the concept, we have built and tested a sensor that lights an LED when actuated in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG).","PeriodicalId":117187,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Mechanics and Behavior of Active Materials; Structural Health Monitoring; Bioinspired Smart Materials and Systems; Energy Harvesting; Emerging Technologies","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127111196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guided Munition Adaptive Trim Actuation System for Aerial Gunnery","authors":"Lauren Schumacher, R. Barrett","doi":"10.1115/SMASIS2018-8032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/SMASIS2018-8032","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty-two years ago, adaptive munitions using piezoelectric actuators were conceived. The Barrel-Launched Adaptive Munition (BLAM) program used piezoelectric elements to articulate a 10 deg. half-angle conical section on the nose of a 73 mm caliber supersonic wind tunnel model. The test article was designed to pivot the forward portion of the round about the aerodynamic center (which was collocated with the forward section center of gravity). While effective in trim articulation, the majority of actuator power was expended resisting nose inertia rather than manipulating air loads. Adaptive actuators for guided munitions have progressed greatly since that time. In 2001, major advances canard articulation for guided bullets were achieved. These were followed by the Shipborne Countermeasure Range-Extended Adaptive Munition (SCREAM) program. While the piezoelectric effectors designed for these historic programs would allow for respectable deflections, the invention of post-buckled piezoelectric (PBP) actuation would dramatically boost total deflection levels while maintaining full blocked force capabilities. These PBP actuators would be used in a variety of flight control mechanisms for different classes of UAVs. In addition to these applications, the high bandwidth of piezoelectric actuators are particularly well suited to guided munitions. This paper describes the structural mechanics and dynamics of the PBP-class actuator as integrated in guided munitions. As a critical element in ultra-high bandwidth flight control actuation, PBP actuators have been shown to possess pseudo-corner frequencies in excess of 1 kHz. Additionally, PBP actuators have been integrated into tight packing volumes in guided cannon shells while demonstrating setback acceleration tolerances of tens of thousands of g’s. Previous work illustrates several different actuation configurations as well as integration methods with canards and fins. This study links the structural mechanics of previous authors with aeromechanics to arrive at performance predictions in aerial combat. The paper lays out a guided aerial round based on the PBP concept, then uses circular error probable (CEP) predictions in a standard atmosphere quantify the required deflections for engagement of a variety of targets. The results show one order of magnitude fewer rounds being expended per kill in direct air-to-air engagements with peer aircraft. The paper shows that PBP-class actuators could be used for defensive engagements as well with the engagement of oncoming hostile missiles. The paper concludes with prediction of engagement improvements for modern aircraft like the F-35 with 25 mm rounds as well as aircraft like the F-15 with 20 mm guided ammunition.","PeriodicalId":117187,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Mechanics and Behavior of Active Materials; Structural Health Monitoring; Bioinspired Smart Materials and Systems; Energy Harvesting; Emerging Technologies","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127281202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piezoelectric Teeth Aligners for Accelerated Orthodontics","authors":"M. Bani-Hani, M. Karami, Nikta Amiri, M. T. Anbarani","doi":"10.1115/SMASIS2018-8199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/SMASIS2018-8199","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new prototype is proposed for accelerated orthodontic tooth treatment. In contrast to conventional methods, where heavy vibration generators are used, the proposed design is light and small and may remain into patient’s mouth without obstructing his daily activities. To do that, a PVDF Piezoelectric actuator layer is incorporated into a bio-compatible flexible structure which is to be excited by an external electric source. Generally, application of cyclic loading (vibration) reverses bone loss, stimulates bone mass, induces cranial growth, and accelerates tooth movement. This reduce the pain experience and discomfort associated with the treatment and also enhances the patient compliance with the treatment. Vibration has the advantage of minimal side effects in comparison to medicinal treatments. This configuration enables the operator to adjust the vibration frequency as well as the orthodontic force exerted on the tooth.","PeriodicalId":117187,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Mechanics and Behavior of Active Materials; Structural Health Monitoring; Bioinspired Smart Materials and Systems; Energy Harvesting; Emerging Technologies","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128683148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of Triboelectric Energy Harvesting and Load Sensing in Total Knee Replacement","authors":"Alwathiqbellah Ibrahim, Manav Jain, E. Salman, R. Willing, Shahrzad Towfighian","doi":"10.1115/SMASIS2018-8212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/SMASIS2018-8212","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of a triboelectric mechanism to harvest electrical energy for powering a knee implant load measurement sensor under walking activity of daily living. A triboelectric energy harvester is proposed to be placed in between the tibial tray and the UHMWPE bearing of the TKR. To characterize the triboelectric generator, the walking tibiofemoral axial load is approximated as a 1 Hz sine wave signal. An MTS 858 II servo-hydraulic load frame setup is used to transfer the axial load to the triboelectric generator. The optimal resistance is extracted experimentally and found to be 58MΩ. With an applied cyclic load of 2.3 kN at 1 Hz, which is equivalent to the load from normal walking, the generator generated a maximum output of 18 V, and 6 μW of power at the optimal resistance. A power management and digitization circuit is designed based on the harvester output that consumes about 4.74 μW power, which is less than the generated power. Thus, the power harvested from the triboelectric energy harvester can power the load sensing circuitry.","PeriodicalId":117187,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Mechanics and Behavior of Active Materials; Structural Health Monitoring; Bioinspired Smart Materials and Systems; Energy Harvesting; Emerging Technologies","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127150320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Powered Multifunctional Instrumented Knee Implant","authors":"M. Safaei, S. Anton","doi":"10.1115/SMASIS2018-8078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/SMASIS2018-8078","url":null,"abstract":"Computational modeling, instrumented linkages, optical technologies, MRI, and radiographic techniques have been widely used to study knee motion after total knee replacement (TKR) surgery. Information provided by these methods has helped designers to develop implants with better clinical performance and surgeons to obtain an improved understanding of the stability and mobility of the joint. Correspondingly, overall patient satisfaction with respect to the reduction in pain and recovery of normal functioning of the joint has been improving. However, about 20% of patients are still not fully satisfied with their surgical outcomes. The main obstacle in the current state-of-the-art is that a comprehensive post-operative understanding of knee balance is still unavailable, mostly due to a lack of in vivo data collected from the joint after surgery. This work presents an attempt to develop a self-powered instrumented knee implant for in vivo data acquisition. The knee sensory system in this study utilizes several embedded piezoelectric transducers in the tibial bearing of the knee replacement in order to provide sensing and energy harvesting capabilities. Through a series of analytical modeling, finite element simulation, and experimental testing, the performance of the suggested system is evaluated and a dimensionally optimized design of an instrumented TKR is achieved. More specifically, a comprehensive platform is established in order to combine the knowledge of embedded piezoelectric sensors and energy harvesters, musculoskeletal modeling of the knee joint, multiphysics finite element modeling, additive manufacturing techniques, image processing, and experimental knee loading simulation in order to achieve the experimentally validated and optimized instrumented knee implant design. The cumulative work presented in this article encompasses three main studies performed on the sensing performance of the proposed design: first, preliminary parametric studies of the effect of local dimensional and material parameters on the electromechanical behavior of the embedded sensory system; second, investigation of the ability to sense total force and center of pressure location; and third, evaluation of an enhanced system with the ability to sense compartmental forces and contact locations. Additionally, the energy harvesting capacity of the system is investigated to ensure the achievement of a fully self-powered sensory system. Results obtained from the experimental analysis of the system demonstrate the successful sensing and energy harvesting performance of the designs achieved in this study.","PeriodicalId":117187,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Mechanics and Behavior of Active Materials; Structural Health Monitoring; Bioinspired Smart Materials and Systems; Energy Harvesting; Emerging Technologies","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114912206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage Precursor Assessment in Aerospace Structural Materials","authors":"D. Cole, T. Henry, K. An, Yan Chen, R. Haynes","doi":"10.1115/SMASIS2018-7908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/SMASIS2018-7908","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of this study was to apply a robust inspection technique for monitoring damage nucleation and propagation in 7075 aluminum alloy specimens exposed to cyclic loading. A previously developed specimen, linearly tapered in width along the length, was subjected to a sinusoidal tension-tension load while conductivity and strain were measured in-situ. Ex-situ measurements of modulus, hardness, surface potential, digital image correlation strain field, and neutron diffraction were made as a function of fatigue cycles. It is hypothesized that varying levels of induced stress along the length due to equal-force but varying area along the length will create a record of damage which can be probed to intuit a temporal history for the specimen. Baseline, intermediate, and failure sensor measurements for several specimens were compared and analyzed as a function of applied stress (varied linearly along the length) and fatigue cycles (constant). Mechanisms of damage nucleation and propagation due to fatigue cycling are discussed with an emphasis on which inspection methods are most promising for improving structural durability and state monitoring.","PeriodicalId":117187,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Mechanics and Behavior of Active Materials; Structural Health Monitoring; Bioinspired Smart Materials and Systems; Energy Harvesting; Emerging Technologies","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114885505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}