Endocrine regulations最新文献

{"title":"Estrogens hypersensitivity syndrome in endometriosis.","authors":"Nikolai Nikolaevich Rukhliada, Kristina Andreevna Dudova","doi":"10.2478/enr-2026-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/enr-2026-0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives.</b> The aim of the study was to develop a diagnostic method for estrogen hypersensitivity syndrome in proliferative benign diseases of the female reproductive system. Using the example of endometriosis, changes in the activity of the chaperone protein Hsp90α were determined as a diagnostic biomarker. <b>Methods.</b> The study included 60 women aged 30 to 50 years, thirty of whom had a laparoscopically confirmed diagnosis of endometriosis and 30 were included in the control group. After blood sampling to determine the baseline levels of Hsp90α, the patients were prescribed a single oral dose of estradiol valerate 2 mg tablet. The plasma Hsp90α levels were remeasured 6 h later. <b>Results.</b> No significant change (p>0.05) in baseline Hsp90α concentrations was found between the group of patients with endometriosis and the control group. Six hours after estradiol valerate administration, a significant difference (p<0.001) in Hsp90α levels was observed between the group of patients with endometriosis and the control group. The increase in Hsp90α concentration following the test-load was also more pronounced in women with confirmed endometriosis compared to controls (27.29±15.62 ng/ml and 3.16±4.36 ng/ml, respectively) (p<0.001). ROC analysis indicated that the absolute increase in Hsp90α level of more than 8.6 ng/ml in patients with endometriosis has a sensitivity of 0.93 and a specificity of 0.97 (compared to the control group). This change in relative concentration corresponded to an increase of over 28.7%. <b>Conclusion.</b> The increase in Hsp90α plasma level of more than 30% within 6 h after the test-load is a specific criterion for estrogen hypersensitivity syndrome in endometriosis. Further investigation including other nosological forms (myoma, adenomyosis, endometrial hyperplasia) is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":11650,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine regulations","volume":"60 1","pages":"207-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149007764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescription pattern of oral hydrocortisone by Indian healthcare professionals: An online questionnaire-based survey.","authors":"Rama Valia, Ashish Kumar Jangir, Danendra Sahu, Jayakrishnan C Menon, Johann Varghese, Shyam Sundar, Anjana Yadav, Sanjay Kamble","doi":"10.2478/enr-2026-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/enr-2026-0022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective.</b> Adrenal insufficiency is predominantly managed by glucocorticoids, from which hydrocortisone is most frequently prescribed. However, limited data are available on prescription patterns among Indian healthcare professionals (HCPs). This study assessed the prescription practices of hydrocortisone among Indian HCPs and evaluated their awareness of tapering protocols and necessity for modified-release formulations of hydrocortisone. <b>Methods.</b> This online questionnaire-based survey involved 300 HCPs across India who prescribe oral hydrocortisone for various endocrinological and non-endocrinological indications. Google Forms were used and survey was carried out over a period of two months. Only fully accomplished responses were included in the analysis and the response rate was calculated. <b>Results.</b> The survey response rate was 84.27%. Among HCPs, 94.7% prescribed oral hydrocortisone with 47.5% using it often and 28.9% very often. Prescription frequency varied from 29.9% (prescribed once weekly) to 25.7% (two or more times weekly). Awareness of approved indications was high (96.8%). Tapering protocols were widely practiced (95.4%) often or very often by 82.7% HCPs. Hydrocortisone was mainly prescribed for primary adrenal insufficiency (77.5%), secondary adrenal insufficiency (63.0%), and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (55.6%). Frequent adverse events included hyperglycemia (43.3%) and weight gain (43.0%). Most HCPs (89.8%) felt need for sustained-release hydrocortisone, particularly for primary adrenal insufficiency (81.7%). Alternatives of hydrocortisone mainly included prednisolone (65.8%), prednisone (37.3%), and dexamethasone (21.8%). <b>Conclusion.</b> Indian HCPs frequently prescribe oral hydrocortisone and are well-versed in tapering protocols. However, frequent adverse events and unmet needs emphasize strong demand for modified-release formulations, particularly for management of adrenal insufficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":11650,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine regulations","volume":"60 1","pages":"213-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149007928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical course and management of adrenal endocrine hypertension: A single-center experience.","authors":"Ines Bayar, Hanene Sayadi, Farah Ayachi, Bilel Ben Amor, Sana Abid, Ekram Hajji, Hela Marmouch, Ines Khochtali","doi":"10.2478/enr-2026-0023","DOIUrl":"10.2478/enr-2026-0023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives.</b> Endocrine etiologies of secondary hypertension (HTN) are frequent and increasingly diagnosed according to the learned societies. Adrenal causes as primary aldosteronism (PA), pheochromocytomas (PHEO), and ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome (CS) are widely described separately regarding their clinical, biochemical, and morphological aspects and only a few studies have developed the particular aspect of associated HTN. For this reason, we conducted a retrospective observational descriptive study at a tertiary referral center. <b>Subjects.</b> Fifty-five subjects were included (PA: 52.8%, PHEO: 29.1%, and CS: 18.1%). We found a slight female preponderance (60%). The average age of participants was 47.0±14.9 years. First-degree family history of HTN was described in up to two thirds of cases. Regarding HTN characteristics, subjects with PA presented significantly younger age at diagnosis and had more severe and resistant profile and required higher number of antihypertensive drugs. HTN-mediated organ damage (HMOD) was mainly cardiovascular and ocular. Patients with PHEO were significantly older at diagnosis and had more severe and paroxysmal HTN. Patients with CS had less severe HTN and less HMOD. Specific treatments were indicated in all cases aiming complete remission of HTN. Subjects with PA were treated medically with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in 72.4% of cases and HTN remission was achieved in only 21.8% after surgical treatment. All subjects with PHEO were operated with adrenalectomy and the remission was observed in 37.5% of cases, while patients with CS were surgically managed in 50% of cases with 40% of HTN remission. <b>Conclusions.</b> Diagnosis and management of adrenal endocrine HTN diseases are challenging for healthcare professionals and early screening is crucial for prevention of cardiovascular morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11650,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine regulations","volume":"60 1","pages":"221-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of whole-body vibration on hormonal responses in individuals with hormonal disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ahmed Fekry Salman, Hossam Mortada, Hosny Elkhawaga, Yosra Mohammed Hathoot, Mazen Mohamed Sayed, Shorouk Elshennawy","doi":"10.2478/enr-2026-0020","DOIUrl":"10.2478/enr-2026-0020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective.</b> This systematic review aims to examine the current literature on the effects of whole-body vibration on hormonal levels in individuals with hormonal disorders. <b>Methods.</b> A systematic search was performed on six electronic databases to retrieve studies examining the effects of whole-body vibration on hormonal levels in individuals with hormonal disorders. The retrieved studies were assessed against predetermined eligibility criteria in two stages: title and abstract filtration and full-text filtration. The quality of the studies included was assessed using the physiotherapy evidence based (PEDro) scale and their data were summarized in a data extraction sheet. A pooled statistical analysis was conducted in studies that showed homogeneity. <b>Results.</b> The included studies assessed hormonal level in individuals with hormonal disorders across various pathological conditions including fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, obese hypothyroid females, diabetes mellitus, and individuals with renal diseases. The effect of whole-body vibration was statistically significant on thyroid hormones, prolactin, cortisol, and irisin, while other studies showed no effect for whole-body vibration on insulin, gonadal hormones, ghrelin and leptin, adiponectin, parathyroid hormone, and insulin-like growth factor 1 in women with fibromyalgia. <b>Conclusion.</b> The whole-body vibration training may have an action in endocrine system as observed by the alteration of plasma concentration of thyroid hormones, prolactin, cortisol and irisin. It is possible that long-term, repeated mechanical vibration could directly or indirectly affect the levels of other hormones.</p>","PeriodicalId":11650,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine regulations","volume":"60 1","pages":"196-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of genetic polymorphisms in patients with arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease.","authors":"Svitlana Pidruchna, Nadiya Yarema, Iryna Kuzmak, Olena Prokopovych, Oksana Kotsiuba, Andrii Sverstuk, Oksana Bahrii-Zaiats, Petro Lykhatskyi, Alla Mudra, Lylya Palytsya, Nataliya Letniak, Oksana Ostrivka, Tetyana Yaroshenko, Nadija Vasylyshyn","doi":"10.2478/enr-2026-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/enr-2026-0024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective.</b> This study was aimed to develop a mathematical model for predicting the presence of pathological alleles of the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AGTR1) (C1166C) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) (T786C) genes in patients with arterial hypertension using readily available clinical and demographic parameters without the need for laboratory genetic analysis. <b>Methods.</b> The study included 86 patients with arterial hypertension, 45 of whom had also clinical signs of ischemic heart disease and 30 healthy controls. Clinical and demographic data, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking and alcohol habits, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, were collected. A predictive model of genetic polymorphism was constructed using a multivariate regression analysis in Statistica 10.0. Model quality was assessed via residual analysis (histogram, normal probability plot, scatter plot), ANOVA, and the Nagelkerke coefficient of determination (R²). <b>Results.</b> Eight significant predictors of pathological gene variants were identified: age, sex, disease duration, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. The regression model explained 98.42% of the variance in gene polymorphism (R²=0.9842). Residuals were normally distributed and randomly scattered confirming the model adequacy. ANOVA analysis demonstrated high statistical significance (p<0.001) indicating that the model performed significantly better than predictions based on the mean values. The model allows inference of the probable presence of C alleles in AGTR1 and eNOS genes using simple clinical information. <b>Conclusions.</b> The proposed mathematical model demonstrates high predictive capability and statistical stability providing a cost-effective tool for preliminary genetic screening in patients with hypertension. It enables identification of individuals at risk for carrying pathological gene variants and supports the implementation of a personalized approach in clinical practice. Further validation on independent datasets is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":11650,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine regulations","volume":"60 1","pages":"231-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149007734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmasking silent atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes: the emerging role of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein.","authors":"Magui Abd Elmonem Shalash, Noha Said Kandil, Omnia Ezz Eldin Alsaadany, Aya Fathy Radwan, Reem Mahmoud Fathalla","doi":"10.2478/enr-2026-0019","DOIUrl":"10.2478/enr-2026-0019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives.</b> Atherosclerosis contributes to higher mortality and morbidity in people with diabetes. Preventing future complications largely depends on the early detection of imminent atherosclerosis. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the subclinical atherosclerosis measured by carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), ankle-brachial index (ABI), and circulating levels of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). <b>Methods.</b> A total of 80 participants evenly divided into two groups: 40 newly diagnosed patients with T2DM and 40 healthy controls. Patients with T2DM had no prior history or clinical signs of macrovascular complications, such as coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular stroke or peripheral artery disease. Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured. Plasma AFABP levels were determined using a human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. ABI was assessed using a sphygmomanometer with a cuff that fits the limb's circumference and a portable Doppler device. Doppler ultrasound of the carotid artery was used to measure CIMT. <b>Results.</b> In patients with T2DM, circulating AFABP levels were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects (p=0.007). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that AFABP is the only independent factor influencing the maximum CIMT (β=0.004, 95% CI: 0.001-0.007, p=0.017). <b>Conclusion.</b> Plasma AFABP level could serve as a biomarker for early diagnosis of atherosclerosis in patients with T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":11650,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine regulations","volume":"60 1","pages":"190-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ERN1 inhibition modifies hypoxic regulation of EGLN1 expression in U87MG glioblastoma cells.","authors":"Oleh V Halkin, Dmytro O Minchenko, Yuliia M Viletska, Myroslava Y Sliusar, Olena O Khita, Taia V Feldman, Oleksandr H Minchenko","doi":"10.2478/enr-2026-0018","DOIUrl":"10.2478/enr-2026-0018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective.</b> Glioblastomas are the most common and highly aggressive malignant brain tumors that are difficult to treat. Hypoxia is a significant factor in glioblastoma growth. Previous studies have shown that the inhibition of ERN1 (endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1) significantly suppresses the glioblastoma cell proliferation and modifies the hypoxic regulation. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of hypoxia on the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent genes including <i>EGLN1</i> in U87MG glioblastoma cells in relation to ERN1 inhibition to reveal a possible role of the ERN1 signaling pathway in the hypoxic regulation of these genes' expression. <b>Methods.</b> The control U87MG glioblastoma cells (transfected by an empty vector) and ERN1 knockdown cells with inhibited ERN1 endoribonuclease and protein kinase (dnERN1) were used. Hypoxia was induced at normoxic conditions with dimethyloxalylglycine (0.5 mM for 4 h). RNA was extracted and reverse transcribed. The expression levels of <i>EGLN1</i>, <i>HSPA5</i>, <i>DDIT4</i>, <i>PA2G4</i>, <i>XIAP</i>, and <i>MTOR</i> genes were studied by real-time qPCR and normalized to ACTB mRNA. <b>Results.</b> It was established that hypoxia increases the expression level of <i>EGLN1</i>, <i>HSPA5</i>, <i>DDIT4</i>, and <i>XIAP</i> in glioblastoma cells with native ERN1. However, the expression levels of two other stress-dependent genes (<i>PA2G4</i> and <i>MTOR</i>) were reduced in these glioblastoma cells under hypoxia. Furthermore, inhibition of ERN1 enzymatic activity attenuated the effects of hypoxia on the expression of most of the genes studied in glioblastoma cells, while XIAP gene expression was dramatically increased. <b>Conclusion.</b> The results of this study showed that hypoxia differentially affects the expression of genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress in glioblastoma cells and is dependent on ERN1 activity. This reflected the ERN1-mediated reprogramming of hypoxic regulation of gene expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":11650,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine regulations","volume":"60 1","pages":"179-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergent transcriptional responses to pancreatic transcription factors are dictated by the cellular context.","authors":"Eiji Yamato","doi":"10.2478/enr-2026-0017","DOIUrl":"10.2478/enr-2026-0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective.</b> The outcome of directed differentiation for cell-based therapies is profoundly influenced by the starting cell's intrinsic state, or cellular context. How pluripotent versus lineage-primed cells interpret the same developmental cues remains unclear. To address this, we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis using two mouse cell lines engineered for episomal expression: a pluripotent embryonic stem cell line (PLT-ES) and a multipotent pancreatic stem cell line (PLT-PPPD). <b>Methods.</b> We introduced a core set of pancreatic transcription factors - PMN: Pdx1 (pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1), MafA (MAF BZIP transcription factor A), and NeuroD1 (neurogenic differentiation 1) - into both cell types and analyzed global gene expression and insulin promoter activity. <b>Results.</b> The two cell types exhibited strikingly divergent fates. In lineage-primed PLT-PPPD cells, PMN expression induced a mixed pancreatic/hepatic phenotype. In stark contrast, PMN expression in pluripotent PLT-ES cells failed to initiate an endodermal program, instead robustly driving differentiation towards mesodermal lineages. Intriguingly, reporter assays revealed that the PMN factors could activate the insulin promoter in both PLT-ES and PLT-PPPD cells, regardless of the overall differentiation outcome. <b>Conclusions.</b> Our findings demonstrate that cellular context is a paramount determinant of cell fate. The activation of a single promoter is insufficient to orchestrate a complete differentiation program. While pancreatic stem cells exhibit plasticity within the endodermal lineage, pluripotent cells are misdirected towards entirely different germ layers if not appropriately primed. This study underscores the critical importance of using lineage-committed cells for predictable therapeutic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11650,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine regulations","volume":"60 1","pages":"172-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tributyltin chloride and triphenyltin chloride inhibit steroid hormone secretion by mouse Leydig cells TM3 and human adrenocortical cells H295R.","authors":"Dana Macejova, Alzbeta Berenikova, Julius Brtko, Lucia Toporova, Alzbeta Bujnakova Mlynarcikova, Sona Scsukova","doi":"10.2478/enr-2026-0016","DOIUrl":"10.2478/enr-2026-0016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective.</b> To find a possible balance between toxicity and potential anticancer activity of novel triorganotin compounds, retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonists, investigation the relationship between the structure, physicochemical properties, and biological activity of these compounds in non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic cells is required. This study aimed to investigate the effects of selected triorganotin compounds, tributyltin chloride (TBT-Cl) and triphenyltin chloride (TPTCl), on viability and steroidogenic function of non-tumorigenic mouse Leydig cell line TM3 and human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line H295R. <b>Methods.</b> Gene and protein expression of RXR subtypes (RXRα, RXRβ, RXRγ) in TM3 Leydig cells was identified by qualitative PCR and immunofluorescence. The potency of TBT-Cl and TPTCl to induce mRNA expression of RXR subtypes in TM3 cells was analyzed by semi-quantitative real-time PCR. After exposure of TM3 and H295R cells to different concentration of TBT-Cl and TPT-Cl (0.1 nM-1 µM) for different time periods (24, 48, 72 h), cell viability was evaluated by detection of mitochondrial activity (MTT assay) and membrane integrity (LDH assay), and steroid hormone (testosterone, cortisol) levels in culture media were measured by radioimmunoassay. <b>Results.</b> Qualitative PCR and immunofluorescence examination revealed that all RXR subtypes, RXRα, RXRβ, RXRγ, are expressed in TM3 Leydig cells. TBT-Cl (500 nM) activated the expression of RXRα and RXRβ and at a concentration of 100 nM, RXRγ expression. TPT-Cl (10 and 100 nM) activated the expression of all three RXR subtypes and at a concentration of 500 nM, reduced RXRα expression similar to 9cRA (100 nM). Both compounds, TBT-Cl and TPT-Cl, induced a dose- and time-dependent significant decrease in the viability of TM3 Leydig cells and, in addition, TBT-Cl (500 nM and 1 µM) significantly inhibited androstenedione-induced testosterone secretion by these cells. Similarly, both tested triorganotin compounds (1 µM) significantly decreased viability of adrenocortical H295R cells and basal as well as forskolin-stimulated testosterone and cortisol secretions by these cells. <b>Conclusion.</b> TBT-Cl and TPT-Cl compromised cell viability and induced important functional alteration in Leydig cells probably through RXR activation with potential implications for male reproductive function. Endocrine-disrupting properties of TBT-Cl and TPT-Cl were demonstrated in adrenocortical H295R cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":11650,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine regulations","volume":"60 1","pages":"159-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148390141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac myocyte contractility, calcium dynamics, and morphology in Zucker diabetic fatty female and male rats - lacking data in this model of obesity and diabetes: A review.","authors":"Alexandra Zahradnikova, Hira Ijaz, Michal Cagalinec","doi":"10.2478/enr-2026-0012","DOIUrl":"10.2478/enr-2026-0012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents an increasing global health burden with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounting for most cases. T2DM is associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications including myocardial ischemia and contributes to the development of a distinct form of cardiac dysfunction referred to as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Importantly, DCM contributes to 50-80% of mortality in patients with diabetes independent of other vascular comorbidities and is characterized by structural and functional alterations of the myocardium. Notably, these outcomes exhibit sex-specific differences in patients with T2DM. Despite this, most preclinical rodent studies fail to incorporate female subjects. This is truly the case of the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model, where the left ventricular contractile and morphological properties have been investigated almost exclusively in males. This review aims to: a) synthesize existing data on myocyte shortening and morphology in ZDF male and female rats; b) identify critical gaps in current knowledge and define priorities for future experiments; and c) emphasize the urgent need for longitudinal studies assessing cardiomyocyte contractility and structural remodeling in both sexes. Cardiac myocyte contractility and calcium dynamics data are entirely lacking in ZDF female rats, while findings in males remain limited and, in some cases, inconsistent. For morphological and ultrastructural alterations in cardiac myocytes information is scarce for both ZDF males and females. Overall, this review highlights the need for comprehensive longitudinal investigations spanning the early and advanced stages of DCM including progression to heart failure in both male and female ZDF rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":11650,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine regulations","volume":"60 1","pages":"111-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148390153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}