{"title":"The role of vitamin D in women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.","authors":"Marcin Gierach, Roman Junik","doi":"10.5603/EP.a2022.0095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/EP.a2022.0095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), including Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), are the most common organ specific autoimmune disorders. Vitamin D (vit-D) is a steroid molecule, mainly produced in the skin, which regulates the expression of many genes. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is found in most tissues and cells in the body. Many studies suggests that vit-D deficiency, which is common worldwide, could also play an important role in autoimmune diseases, including HT. The aim of our study was to show the potential differences in vit-D levels between healthy women and individuals with hypothyroidism and HT. Additionally, we assessed the correlation between vit-D concentration and the level of TSH and anti-thyroid antibodies in females diagnosed with HT.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study group included 370 subjects. The group was divided into 3 subgroups: (125 - healthy individuals, 111 - hypothyreosis, 134 - HT). Anthropometric measurements including height and weight were obtained in all participants. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as body weight (in kilograms) divided by the square of body height (in metres). The measurement of the thyroid gland was performed using an ultrasound scan with a 10-MHz linear probe by one endocrinologist (Vivid S60N).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We noticed that a lower level of vit-D was connected with a higher level of TSH in each subgroup. There was also strong, negative correlation between TSH and vit-D levels in all the study groups. Moreover, there was a weak, negative correlation between antithyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) and antithyroglobulin antibody (anti-TG) and vit-D levels in females with HT regardless of vit-D status: < 20 ng/mL, 20-30 ng/mL, and > 30 ng/mL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To our knowledge, the current study is the first in Poland to compare vit-D status in healthy patients and patients with hypothyroidism, taking into account the level of antibodies (anti-TPO and anti-TG). The results of our study suggest that vit-D supplementation in patients with hypothyroidism, especially in the course of AITD, although determining its optimal, safe dose requires further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":11551,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":"74 2","pages":"176-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9490825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vânia Benido Silva, Catarina Chaves, José Carlos Oliveira, Isabel Palma
{"title":"Comparison of the accuracy of the Friedewald, Martin, and Sampson formulas to estimate very low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.","authors":"Vânia Benido Silva, Catarina Chaves, José Carlos Oliveira, Isabel Palma","doi":"10.5603/EP.a2023.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/EP.a2023.0025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Martin (MF) and Sampson (SF) formulas have shown greater accuracy for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) < 70 mg/dL compared to the Friedewald formula (FF); however, some disagreement is maintained. Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) are alternatives to assessing cardiovascular risk in patients with very low LDL-C. The objective was to evaluate the accuracy of FF, MF, and SF formulas to estimate LDL-C < 70 mg/dL vs. directly measured LDL-C (LDLd-C) and to compare non-HDL-C and Apo-B levels between the groups of patients with concordant vs. discordant LDL-C.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This was a prospective clinical study with measurements of lipid profile and LDLd-C in 214 patients with triglycerides < 400 mg/dL. For each formula, the estimated LDL-C was compared with the LDLd-C, and the correlation, the median difference, and the discordance rate were evaluated. Non-HDL-C and Apo-B levels were compared between the groups with concordant and discordant LDL-C.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The estimated LDL-C was < 70 mg/dL in 130 (60.7%) patients by FF, 109 (50.9%) by MF, and 113 (52.8%) by SF. The strongest correlation was found between LDLd-C and Sampson estimated LDL-C (LDLs-C) (R2 = 0.778), followed by Friedewald-estimated LDL-C (LDLf-C) (R2 = 0.680) and Martin estimated LDL-C (LDLm-C) (R2 = 0.652). Estimated LDL-C < 70 mg/dL was lower than LDLd-C, with the largest median absolute difference (25-75th) of -15 (-19 to -10) with FF. For estimated LDL-C < 70 mg/dL, the discordant rate was 43.8%, 38.1%, and 35.1%, reaching for 62.3%, 50.9%, and 50% when LDL-C < 55 mg/dL by FF, SF, and MF, respectively. Patients in the discordant group presented significantly higher levels of non-HDL-C and ApoB for all 3 formulas (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FF was the most inaccurate formula to estimate very low LDL-C. Despite MF and SF showing better results, their frequency in underestimating LDL-C was still considerable. In patients with falsely low estimated LDL-C, apoB and non-HDL-C were significantly higher, reflecting its true high atherogenic burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":11551,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":"74 2","pages":"203-210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9439444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dong-Ming Zhao, Cheng-Qiang Li, Yu-Man Sun, Jin-Yang Fan, Nan Wu, Ya-Nan Sun, Xin-Yi Sun
{"title":"Sodium glucose cotransporter-2-inhibitor dapagliflozin improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by ameliorating dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 protein expression in diabetic mice.","authors":"Dong-Ming Zhao, Cheng-Qiang Li, Yu-Man Sun, Jin-Yang Fan, Nan Wu, Ya-Nan Sun, Xin-Yi Sun","doi":"10.5603/EP.a2023.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/EP.a2023.0018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. It can progress from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and may even develop into liver fibrosis, hepatocirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma, but there is no effective treatment.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Wild-type (wt) and diabetic (db/db) mouse NAFLD-induced models were used to investigate the hepatoprotective effects and potential mechanisms of dapagliflozin (a new oral hypoglycaemic drug) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with NAFLD, and to establish wt and db/db mouse NAFLD-induced and dapagliflozin treatment models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dapagliflozin reduces blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, blood lipids, and serum transaminase levels in db/db mice and improves T2DM-related liver injury accompanied by NAFLD; the mechanism may be related to the decrease in dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP4) protein expression and improvement in liver enzymes. Further mechanism-related studies by our team revealed that dapagliflozin can also downregulate the expression of DPP4 proteins in the liver and reduce serum soluble DPP4 enzyme levels, thereby improving the hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance of NAFLD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dapagliflozin may be an effective drug for the treatment of T2DM-induced NAFLD and NAFLD, providing a reliable laboratory basis and new treatment methods for the clinical treatment of NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11551,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":"74 2","pages":"190-196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9491374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grzegorz Sokołowski, Marcin Motyka, Aleksandra Gilis-Januszewska, Agnieszka Stefańska, Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk
{"title":"Liquid levothyroxine in the treatment of myxoedema coma.","authors":"Grzegorz Sokołowski, Marcin Motyka, Aleksandra Gilis-Januszewska, Agnieszka Stefańska, Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk","doi":"10.5603/EP.a2023.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/EP.a2023.0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Not required for Clinical Vignette.</p>","PeriodicalId":11551,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":"74 2","pages":"215-216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10038452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Irisin attenuates pyroptosis in high glucose-induced pancreatic beta cells via the miR-133a-3p/FOXO1 axis.","authors":"Anjun Tan, Tianrong Li, Jingjing Yang, Jinwen Yu, Hewen Chen","doi":"10.5603/EP.a2023.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/EP.a2023.0035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Irisin is closely related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other metabolic diseases. It can improve the homeostasis of T2DM. MiR-133a-3p is decreased in the peripheral blood of patients with T2DM. Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) is widely expressed in beta-cells and affects the occurrence of diabetes through transcriptional regulation and signalling pathway regulation.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The miR-133a-3p inhibitor was constructed to verify the effect of irisin on pyroptosis through miR-133a-3p. Next, we predicted the presence of targeted binding sequences between FOXO1 and miR-133a-3p by bioinformatics software, which was then confirmed with a double fluorescence assay. Finally, the FOXO1 overexpression vector was used to further verify the effect of irisin through the miR-133a-3p/FOXO1 axis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We first observed that irisin inhibited the protein levels of N-terminal gasdermin D (GSDMD-N) and cleaved caspase-1 and the secretion of interleukins (IL): IL-1beta and IL-18 in Min6 cells treated with high glucoes (HG). Irisin inhibited pyroptosis of Min6 cells treated with HG by reinforcing miR-133a-3p. Then, FOXO1 was validated to be the target gene of miR-133a. Both miR-133a-3p inhibitor and overexpression of FOXO1 restrained the force of irisin on pyroptosis in HG-induced Min6 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We explored the protective effect of irisin on HG-induced pyroptosis of islet b-cells in vitro and explained its mechanism of inhibiting pyroptosis through the miR-133a-3p/FOXO1 axis, to provide a theoretical basis for finding new molecular targets to delay beta-cell failure and the treatment of T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":11551,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":"74 3","pages":"277-284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10204802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tongmin Huang, Yujing He, Chiyuan Yu, Feiyan Mao, Yuexiu Si
{"title":"The effect and safety of CDK4/6 inhibitors combined endocrine therapy on HR+, HER2-breast cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Tongmin Huang, Yujing He, Chiyuan Yu, Feiyan Mao, Yuexiu Si","doi":"10.5603/EP.a2023.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/EP.a2023.0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cyclin-dependent kinase4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) combined with endocrine therapy (ET) on hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer (BC).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases before July 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 19 studies comprising 19,004 patients were eligible for this meta-analysis. This meta-analysis found that for unresectable locally advanced or metastatic HR+, HER2- BC, CDK4/6i combined with ET can significantly improve the progression-free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio = 0.59, p < 0.001), overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio = 0.77, p < 0.001), objective response rate (ORR) [risk ratio (RR) = 1.32, p = 0.001)], disease control rate (DCR) (RR = 1.10, p < 0.001), and clinical benefit response (CBR) (RR = 1.15, p = 0.001). For early HR+, HER2- BC, CDK4/6i combined with ET improved ORR (RR = 1.14, p = 0.05) and invasive disease free survival (iDFS) (hazard ratio = 0.87, p = 0.045) but had no effect on pathologic complete response (pCR) (RR = 1.75, p = 0.33), distant recurrence free survival (DRFS) (hazard ratio = 0.83, p = 0.311), and OS (hazard ratio = 1.08, p = 0.705).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CDK4/6i combined with ET can improve the prognosis of patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic HR+, HER2- BC, but it has no obvious effect on patients with early HR+, HER2- BC. It is generally safe and manageable.</p>","PeriodicalId":11551,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":"74 1","pages":"89-105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10821739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inês Lemos Damásio, Inês Patrocínio Carvalho, Sara de Miranda Lemos Donato Bento, Valeriano Alberto Pais Horta Leite
{"title":"Ectopic parathyroid adenoma in a patient with multiple endocrine tumours.","authors":"Inês Lemos Damásio, Inês Patrocínio Carvalho, Sara de Miranda Lemos Donato Bento, Valeriano Alberto Pais Horta Leite","doi":"10.5603/EP.a2023.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/EP.a2023.0033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Not required for Clinical Vignette.</p>","PeriodicalId":11551,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":"74 3","pages":"344-345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10209225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Історія створення, минулі та сучасні основні напрямки досліджень та досягнення відділу діабетології ДУ «Інститут ендокринології та обміну речовин ім. В.П. Комісаренка НАМН України»","authors":"L. Sokolova, S. Tkach","doi":"10.31793/1680-1466.2022.27-4.359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31793/1680-1466.2022.27-4.359","url":null,"abstract":"У статті надано основні напрямки наукових досліджень, які були виконані у відділі діабетології (ВД) ДУ «Інститут ендокринології та обміну речовин ім. В.П. Комісаренка НАМН України» (Інститут) з моменту його створення. Особлива увага приділяється вивченню патогенезу, діагностиці, лікуванню та профілактиці судинних і неврологічних ускладнень цукрового діабету (ЦД). Продовжується тісна співпраця співробітників ВД з іншими медичними державними установами з вивчення особливостей перебігу серцево-судинної патології у хворих на ЦД. Численні клінічні дослідження дозволили науково обґрунтувати та впровадити нові методи патогенетичного лікування ЦД та його ускладнень. Майже за 60 років роботи ВД його фахівці надали допомогу більше ніж 40 000 пацієнтам стаціонару та більше ніж 100 000 амбулаторним хворим. Щорічно у ВД отримують високоспеціалізовану медичну допомогу понад 1000 пацієнтів із ЦД з м. Києва та всіх регіонів України. Співробітники ВД є співавторами Українських протоколів надання медичної допомоги хворим на ЦД 1-го типу (ЦД1) та ЦД 2-го типу (ЦД2). Останні 5 років наукова робота ВД в тісній співпрації з відділом фундаментальної та прикладної ендокринології сконцентрована на вивченні молекулярних механізмів формування ускладнень ЦД. Активно вивчаються механізми інсулінорезистентності як ключової ланки патогенезу ЦД2, особливий акцент зроблено на участi АМРК i mTORС1 у розвитку хвороб обміну речовин, супроводжуваних ожирiнням. Вивчається вплив сучасної цукрознижувальної терапії на молекулярні механізми розвитку та прогресування судинних ускладнень ЦД. Значна увага приділяється коморбідним захворюванням. Узагальнено та проаналізовано матеріал щодо запальних процесів, які супроводжують серцево-судинні ускладнення при ЦД. Показана роль ендотеліальної дисфункції в розвитку ускладнень ЦД. Починаючи з 2020 р. у зв’язку з епідемією COVID-19 наукові дослідження ВД доповнилися вивченням патогенетичних ланок між COVID-19 та ЦД. Вивчаються перспективні напрямки лікування ЦД з використанням стовбурових клітин.","PeriodicalId":11551,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":"425 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76487837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Наш півстолітній пошук розуміння етіології та патогенезу порушень розвитку нейроендокринної регуляції репродукції та ендокринної реакції на стрес (міні-огляд)","authors":"A. Reznikov","doi":"10.31793/1680-1466.2022.27-4.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31793/1680-1466.2022.27-4.319","url":null,"abstract":"В оглядовій статті підсумовані основні результати півсторічних експериментальних досліджень Відділу ендокринології репродукції та адаптації в галузі вроджених вад нейроендокринної системи, зумовлених патогенними впливами на материнський організм під час критичних періодів індивідуального розвитку. Досліджено патогенез перинатальних порушень формування нейроендокринних систем репродукції та адаптації, ендокринних та поведінкових наслідків цих порушень у віковому аспекті. Запропоновано нейрохімічну концепцію андрогензалежних розладів статевої диференціації мозку, які стосуються регуляції оваріальних циклів, статевої поведінки, функції гіпоталамо-гіпофізарно-адреналової системи та її реакції на стрес. Показана роль кортикостероїдів у ранньому програмуванні гіпоталамо-гіпофізарно-адреналової системи внутрішньоутробного плоду та виявлено аномалії її реакції на стресогенні чинники в дорослому житті експериментальних тварин. Розкрито нейрогормональні механізми патогенезу синдрому пренатального стресу, зокрема роль гаммааміно-масляної кислоти і катехоламінергічної системи гіпоталамуса, і накреслено шляхи фармакологічної профілактики його негативних віддалених наслідків. Досліджено віддалені ефекти пренатальної експозиції до дибутилфталату, бісфенолу А та ібупрофену в якості ендокринних дизрапторів. Описано новий синдром гіперсексуальності та гіперандрогенії в самців щурів після експозиції материнського організму до низьких доз дибутилфталату протягом критичного періоду статевої диференціації мозку плоду. Висновки. Результати досліджень свідчать про важливість подальших пошуків у галузі так званої функціональної тератології. Вони є патогенетичною основою для профілактики низки розладів нейроендокринної регуляції та поведінки.","PeriodicalId":11551,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90812296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}