Caves and karst of southeastern New Mexico最新文献

{"title":"Geological walking tour of Washington Ranch","authors":"Lewis Land, D. Love","doi":"10.56577/ffc-.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":115438,"journal":{"name":"Caves and karst of southeastern New Mexico","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114498945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaporite karst features and processes at Nash Draw, Eddy County, New Mexico","authors":"D. W. Powers, R. Beauheim, R. Holt, D. Hughes","doi":"10.56577/ffc-57.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-57.253","url":null,"abstract":"—Nash Draw, about 30 km east of Carlsbad, NM, is a karst valley developed on Upper Permian evaporite rocks of the Rustler and Salado Formations. Early studies found sodium chloride brine along the draw axis above halite of the Salado Formation, with the brine flowing toward and into the Pecos River. The draw was interpreted as the consequence of erosion, solution, and fill. Later studies report solution of sulfate units of the Rustler, yielding more complicated surficial structures. More drillhole logs are now available, showing that the eastern margin of Nash Draw (Livingston Ridge) overlies the position where the elevation of upper Salado halite changes, as deos the thickness across the upper Salado and the elevation of overlying units. These elevation changes reflect dissolution of Salado halite. Depressions along Livingston Ridge result from subsidence that has caused recent regrading of arroyos. At Laguna Grande de la Sal, elevations of the top of Salado halite indicate a depression under the lake, and lower halite south of the lake is associated with elongate valley-like depressions as well as rounded basins. The movement of brine at depth may be directed along this surface. Surface karst features in the southeastern arm of Nash Draw develop on and within sulfate beds of the Rustler Formation and surficial gypsite. Collapse sinks and coalescing collapse in small karst valleys appear to show some evolutionary trends based on period since erosion exposed sulfate beds. Vertical-walled collapse sinks without fill are young, while karst valleys are older. These features are developed along stratigraphic trends. Some of the recharge in this sulfate-dominated environment discharges year-round in local springs, indicating fluid storage within the system. Alluvium in sinks and karst valleys are proposed as part of the storage system. FIGURE 1. General location map of Nash Draw with identified features. Numbers refer to brine lakes informally named Laguna Uno (1) through Cinco (5). The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) site outline does not include the entire WIPP area. The area shown in Figure 3 is outlined here. 254 POWERS, BEAUHEIM, HOLT, AND HUGHES","PeriodicalId":115438,"journal":{"name":"Caves and karst of southeastern New Mexico","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131813371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Third-day road log, from Living Desert State Park turnoff at US 285, north to Brantley Dam and Lake McMillan, through Artesia, Lake Arthur, Hagerman, Dexter and ending at Bottomless Lakes State Park","authors":"L. Land, D. Love","doi":"10.56577/ffc-57.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-57.85","url":null,"abstract":"Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico.","PeriodicalId":115438,"journal":{"name":"Caves and karst of southeastern New Mexico","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124601975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pangean monsoon cycles in NM-Texas State-Line outcrop","authors":"R. Y. Anderson","doi":"10.56577/ffc-.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-.80","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":115438,"journal":{"name":"Caves and karst of southeastern New Mexico","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116749739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geological studies of the Guadalupe Mountains area, New Mexico and West Texas, to 1928","authors":"B. Kues","doi":"10.56577/ffc-57.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-57.127","url":null,"abstract":"A BSTRACT .— This paper traces observations and studies of the classic Permian sequence of the Guadalupe Mountains area through 1928. Early American expeditions in 1849 and 1850 provided the first descriptions of the southern Guadalupes, including a sketch of the southern end of the range by John R. Bartlett. Pope’s 1854 32 nd parallel Pacific Railroad expedition passed through Guadalupe Pass; geological reports by Blake (1856) and Hall (1857) included simple geological maps of the Guadalupe region. George Shumard, the first geologist to visit the range (1855), reported four stratigraphic units, including an “upper white limestone” that yielded fossils identified as Permian by B. F. Shumard (1858). Opinion shifted to a Carboniferous age based on reconnaissance surveys in the 1890s by Tarr, Cummins, and Hill. George Girty collected and studied Guadalupian fossils, which he originally considered Late Permian (1902), but by the time of publication of his monograph (1908) he had retreated from that view and by 1909 thought they were of late Carboniferous age. G. B. Richardson (1904) provided a moderately detailed geologic map, considered the Guadalupe Mountains an eastward dipping monocline with little faulting, and named the Capitan and Delaware Mountain formations, as well as the probably younger Castile and Rustler formations to the east. Later work by Girty and Richardson ascertained that Guadalupian strata passed northward into red beds and evaporites but precise correlations were not possible. Beede (1910) thought it likely that Guadalupian strata were an isolated equivalent of Lower Permian strata in the Midcontinent, but gave an age","PeriodicalId":115438,"journal":{"name":"Caves and karst of southeastern New Mexico","volume":"488 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122552552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three Permian series","authors":"S. Lucas","doi":"10.56577/ffc-.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-.60","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":115438,"journal":{"name":"Caves and karst of southeastern New Mexico","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123073474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Firstday road log, trip 2, from Washington Ranch to Lower Slaughter Canyon, Slaughter Canyon Cave, and Black River valley","authors":"D. Love, L. Land, V. Polyak","doi":"10.56577/ffc-.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-.17","url":null,"abstract":"Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico.","PeriodicalId":115438,"journal":{"name":"Caves and karst of southeastern New Mexico","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132406721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ferromanganese deposits in the caves of the Guadalupe Mountains","authors":"M. Spilde, D. E. Northrup, P. Boston","doi":"10.56577/ffc-57.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-57.161","url":null,"abstract":"—Cave ferromanganese deposits are an unusual type of mineral deposit present in some caves of the Guadalupe Mountains, NM. These deposits consist of several horizons: a layer of soft, altered “punk rock” underneath a highly colored layer, composed predominantly of Fe, Mn, and Al oxides and hydroxides. The deposits contain a diverse microbial community, and DNA analyses indicate that some identified organisms are closely related to known manganese and iron oxidizers. Originally thought to be derived from chemical corrosion of the cave bedrock, the enrichment of Fe and Mn in these deposits cannot be explained solely by the dissolution of carbonate; Fe and Mn are likely transported from the punk rock zone and enriched in the oxide layer. The accumulation of oxides in one horizon, the breakdown of bedrock in another horizon, and the presence of a microbial community suggests that the deposits are similar to soils and may undergo similar processes. FIGURE 1. Collecting a sample of chocolate-brown ferromanganese from the ceiling of Snowing Passage in Lechuguilla Cave. Photo by Val Hildreth-Werker. See Plate 13B for a color image of a FMD. 162 SPILDE, NORTHUP, AND BOSTON able MnO, whereas the FMD are strongly enriched in Feand Mn oxides (Spilde et al., 2005). Cunningham et al. (1994) observed evidence of microbial products in these deposits using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and postulated that there may be a biotic process involved in the creation of the cave FMD (Cunningham et al., 1995). Northup at al. (2000, 2003), Boston et al. (2001), and Spilde et al. (2005) developed a model in which FMDs are the result of microbial activity. In this model, shown in Figure 2, microbes release organic acids, which break down the carbonate bedrock in the punk rock layer releasing Fe(II) and Mn(II) present in trace amounts in the carbonate minerals. Ironand manganese-oxidizing microbes utilize the reduced Fe and Mn, oxidizing the elements as an energy source. The microbes may transport the released Fe and Mn from the punk rock zone with chelating ligands or through networks of exopolysaccharides. The oxidized respiration products build up in the oxide layer as Fe(III) and Mn(IV) oxides. CHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY OF CAVE FMD The cave FMDs are chemically and mineralogically distinct from the underlying bedrock, which consists of dolomite or calcite. In general, backreef bedrock is predominantly dolostone and the reef bedrock is predominantly calcite; detailed stratigraphy of the Guadalupe Mountains can be found in Hill (1996). Spider Cave is located entirely within the backreef, and Lechuguilla Cave spans both backreef and reef rocks. Table 1 lists the minerals that have been identified in the bedrock and FMD and their approximate abundances. Although calcite or dolomite are present in the FMD, their abundances are diminished, and new minerals, such as Al-hydroxides and Fe/Mn oxy-hydroxides have appeared. Lithiophorite [(Al,Li)MnO(OH)2], nordstrandite and gibbsi","PeriodicalId":115438,"journal":{"name":"Caves and karst of southeastern New Mexico","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115271061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First-day road-log, Trip 3, from Washington Ranch to Whites City, Walnut Canyon and Carlsbad Cavern","authors":"P. Scholle, D. Ulmer-Scholle","doi":"10.56577/ffc-57.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-57.25","url":null,"abstract":"Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico.","PeriodicalId":115438,"journal":{"name":"Caves and karst of southeastern New Mexico","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125604330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tectonic influences on speleogenesis in the Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico and Texas","authors":"H. Duchene, K. I. Cunningham","doi":"10.56577/ffc-57.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-57.211","url":null,"abstract":"A BSTRACT .— Sulfuric acid speleogenesis in the Guadalupe Mountains of New Mexico and Texas is a consequence of the rise of the Alvarado Ridge and subsequent opening of the Rio Grande Rift during Cenozoic time. Uplands of the late Laramide (~38-35Ma) Alvarado Ridge provided an immense recharge area that supplied water to aquifers draining eastward to the Permian basin. Prior to, or during the early stages of the opening of the Rio Grande Rift, hydrostatic head in the Capitan aquifer caused water to flow upward along fractures to artesian springs. This resulted in solutional enlargement of fractures and development of early stage caves that may not have involved H 2 S. Extensional faulting since 29 Ma fragmented the east flank of the ridge, progressively reducing the size of the upland recharge area and reducing hydrostatic head. Fresh water influx also introduced microbes into Artesia Group (","PeriodicalId":115438,"journal":{"name":"Caves and karst of southeastern New Mexico","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127256796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}