Journal of Environmental Geography最新文献_第9页

Spatiotemporal Assessment of Vegetation Indices and Land Cover for Erbil City and Its Surrounding Using Modis Imageries 基于Modis影像的埃尔比勒市及其周边地区植被指数与土地覆盖时空评价

Journal of Environmental Geography Pub Date : 2017-04-25 DOI: 10.1515/jengeo-2017-0004

S. Hussein, F. Kovács, Zalán Tobak

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Assessment of Vegetation Indices and Land Cover for Erbil City and Its Surrounding Using Modis Imageries","authors":"S. Hussein, F. Kovács, Zalán Tobak","doi":"10.1515/jengeo-2017-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jengeo-2017-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The rate of global urbanization is exponentially increasing and reducing areas of natural vegetation. Remote sensing can determine spatiotemporal changes in vegetation and urban land cover. The aim of this work is to assess spatiotemporal variations of two vegetation indices (VI), the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), in addition land cover in and around Erbil city area between the years 2000 and 2015. MODIS satellite imagery and GIS techniques were used to determine the impact of urbanization on the surrounding quasi-natural vegetation cover. Annual mean vegetation indices were used to determine the presence of a spatiotemporal trend, including a visual interpretation of time-series MODIS VI imagery. Dynamics of vegetation gain or loss were also evaluated through the study of land cover type changes, to determine the impact of increasing urbanization on the surrounding areas of the city. Monthly rainfall, humidity and temperature changes over the 15-year-period were also considered to enhance the understanding of vegetation change dynamics. There was no evidence of correlation between any climate variable compared to the vegetation indices. Based on NDVI and EVI MODIS imagery the spatial distribution of urban areas in Erbil and the bare around it has expanded. Consequently, the vegetation area has been cleared and replaced over the past 15 years by urban growth.","PeriodicalId":115431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Geography","volume":"461 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116184190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Risk Management as a Basis for Integrated Water Cycle Management in Kazakhstan 风险管理作为哈萨克斯坦水循环综合管理的基础

Journal of Environmental Geography Pub Date : 2016-12-30 DOI: 10.1515/jengeo-2016-0010

B. Meyer, L. Lundy, J. Watt, I. Abdullaev, J. E. Capilla Romá

{"title":"Risk Management as a Basis for Integrated Water Cycle Management in Kazakhstan","authors":"B. Meyer, L. Lundy, J. Watt, I. Abdullaev, J. E. Capilla Romá","doi":"10.1515/jengeo-2016-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jengeo-2016-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Integrated Water Cycle Management (IWCM) aims to bring together a diversity of social, environmental, technological and economic aspects to implement sustainable water and land management systems. This paper investigates the challenges and opportunities facing Kazakhstan as it its efforts to move towards a more sustainable approach to managing its finite and highly stressed water resources. The use of a strategic-level risk governance framework to support a multi-disciplinary Kazakh-EU consortium in working collaboratively towards enhancing capacity and capability to address identified challenges is described. With a clear focus on addressing capacity building needs, a strong emphasis is placed on developing taught integrated water cycle management programmes through communication, stakeholder engagement and policy development including appropriate tools for managing the water issues including hydraulic models, GIS-based systems and scenario developments. Conclusions on the benefits of implementing an EU-style Water Framework Directive for Central Asia based on a risk management approach in Kazakhstan are formulated.","PeriodicalId":115431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Geography","volume":"1081 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122897760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Water Quality Survey of Streams from Retezat Mountains (Romania) 罗马尼亚Retezat山区溪流水质调查

Journal of Environmental Geography Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/jengeo-2016-0009

M. Pascariu, Tiberiu Tulucan, M. Niculescu, I. Sebarchievici, M. Stefanut

{"title":"Water Quality Survey of Streams from Retezat Mountains (Romania)","authors":"M. Pascariu, Tiberiu Tulucan, M. Niculescu, I. Sebarchievici, M. Stefanut","doi":"10.1515/jengeo-2016-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jengeo-2016-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Retezat Mountains, located in the Southern Carpathians, are one of the highest massifs in Romania and home of the Retezat National Park, which possesses an important biological value. This study aimed at the investigation of water quality in creeks of the Southern Retezat (Piule-Iorgovanul Mountains) in order to provide information on pollutants of both natural and anthropogenic origin, which could pose a threat for the human health. Heavy metal and other inorganic ion contents of samples were analyzed with on-site and laboratory measurements to estimate water quality. The samples were investigated using microwave plasma - atomic emission spectrometry to quantify specific elements, namely aluminium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead and zinc. The results were compared with the European Union and Romanian standards regarding drinking water and surface water quality. The studied heavy metals have been found to be in very low concentrations or under the method’s detection limit. Thus, in the microbasin corresponding to the sampling points, there seems to be no heavy metal pollution and, from this point of view, the samples comply as drinking water according to the European Union and Romanian recommendations. Our findings confirm that the Retezat Mountains are still among the least contaminated regions in Europe and that the ecosystem and the human health is not negatively influenced by water quality problems.","PeriodicalId":115431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Geography","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131212980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Identification and Spectral Evaluation of Agricultural Crops on Hyperspectral Airborne Data 基于航空高光谱数据的农作物识别与光谱评价

Journal of Environmental Geography Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/jengeo-2016-0012

B. Csendes, L. Mucsi

{"title":"Identification and Spectral Evaluation of Agricultural Crops on Hyperspectral Airborne Data","authors":"B. Csendes, L. Mucsi","doi":"10.1515/jengeo-2016-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jengeo-2016-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hyperspectral remote sensing combined with advanced image processing techniques is an efficient tool for the identification of agricultural crops. In our study we pursued spectral analysis on a relatively small sample area using low number of training points to examine the potential of high resolution imagery. Spectral separability measurements were applied to reveal spectral overlapping between 4 crop species and for the discrimination we also used statistical comparisons such as plotting the PC values and calculating standard deviation of single band reflectance values on our classes. These statistical results were proven to be good indicators of spectral similarity and potential confusion of data samples. The classification of Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) had an overall accuracy of 72% for the four species where the poorest results were obtained from the test points of garlic and sugar beet. Comparing the statistical analyses we concluded that spectral homogeneity does not necessarily have influence on the accuracy of mapping, whereas separability scores strongly correlate with classification results, implying also that preliminary statistical assessments can improve the efficiency of training site selection and provide useful information to specify some technical requirements of airborne hyperspectral surveys.","PeriodicalId":115431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Geography","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134158860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Image Based Surface Temperature Extraction and Trend Detection in an Urban Area of West Bengal, India 印度西孟加拉邦市区基于图像的地表温度提取与趋势检测

Journal of Environmental Geography Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/jengeo-2016-0008

Sk. Ziaul, Swades Pal

{"title":"Image Based Surface Temperature Extraction and Trend Detection in an Urban Area of West Bengal, India","authors":"Sk. Ziaul, Swades Pal","doi":"10.1515/jengeo-2016-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jengeo-2016-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rapid urbanization and change of landuse/landcover results in changes of the thermal spectrum of a city even in small cities like English Bazaar Municipality (EBM) of Malda district. Monitoring the spatio-temporal surface temperature patterns is important, therefore, the present paper attempts to extract spatio-temporal surface temperature from thermal band of Landsat imageries and tries to validate it with factor based Land Surface Temperature (LST) models constructed based on six proxy temperature variables for selected time periods (1991, 2010 and 2014). Seasonal variation of temperature is also analyzed from the LST models over different time phases. Landsat TIRS based LST shows that in winter season, the minimum and maximum LST have raised up 2.32°C and 3.09°C in last 25 years. In pre monsoon season, the increase is much higher (2.80°C and 6.74°C) than in the winter period during the same time frame. In post monsoon season, exceptional situation happened due to high moisture availability caused by previous monsoon rainfall spell. Trend analysis revealed that the LST has been rising over time. Expansion and intensification of built up land as well as changing thermal properties of the urban heartland and rimland strongly control LST. Factor based surface temperature models have been prepared for the same period of times as done in case of LST modeling. In all seasons and selected time phases, correlation coefficient values between the extracted spatial LST model and factor based surface temperature model varies from 0.575 to 0.713 and these values are significant at 99% confidence level. So, thinking over ecological growth of urban is highly required for making the environment ambient for living.","PeriodicalId":115431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Geography","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133481292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Flood Risk in Szeged before River Engineering Works: A Historical Reconstruction 河流工程之前塞格德的洪水风险:历史重建

Journal of Environmental Geography Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/jengeo-2016-0007

Csaba Szalontai

{"title":"Flood Risk in Szeged before River Engineering Works: A Historical Reconstruction","authors":"Csaba Szalontai","doi":"10.1515/jengeo-2016-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jengeo-2016-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Szeged situated at the confluence of the Tisza and the Maros Rivers has been exposed to significant flood risk for centuries due to its low elevation and its location on the low floodplain level. After the Ottoman (Turkish) occupation of Hungary (ended in 1686), secondary sources often reported that the town was affected by devastating floods which entered the area from north, and a great part of the town or its whole area was inundated. Natural and artificial infill reduced the flood risk to some extent after the town had been founded, but in the 19th century flood risk was mitigated by river engineering and the reconstruction of the town. The town relief was raised by a huge amount of sediment, which makes it difficult to determine the elevation of the original relief as well as the exact flood risk of the study area. However, some engineering surveys originating from the 19th century contain hundreds of levelling data in a dense control point network making possible to model the relief of the whole town preceding its reconstruction and ground infill. Based on these data, we prepared a relief model which was compared with the known data of the 1772 flood peak, from which we deduced that 60% of the town must have been inundated before it was filled up. As there could have been 50-100 cm thick natural or artificial ground infill since the 11th century, the original natural relief can be gained by deducting these data. Based on this deduction, the extent of inundation centuries ago could reach 85%, which means almost total flooding.","PeriodicalId":115431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Geography","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126905847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Estimation of the Changes in the Rainfall Erosivity in Hungary 匈牙利降雨侵蚀力变化的估计

Journal of Environmental Geography Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/jengeo-2016-0011

G. Mezősi, Teodóra Bata

{"title":"Estimation of the Changes in the Rainfall Erosivity in Hungary","authors":"G. Mezősi, Teodóra Bata","doi":"10.1515/jengeo-2016-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jengeo-2016-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract According to the forecasts of numerous regional models (eg. REMO, ALADIN, PREGIS), the number of predicted rainfall events decreases, but they are not accompanied by considerably less precipitation. It represents an increase in rainfall intensity. It is logical to ask (if the limitations of the models make it possible) to what extent rainfall intensity is likely to change and where these changes are likely to occur in the long run. Rain intensity is considered to be one of the key causes of soil erosion. If we know which areas are affected by more intense rain erosion, we can identify the areas that are likely to be affected by stronger soil erosion, and we can also choose effective measures to reduce erosion. This information is necessary to achieve the neutral erosion effect as targeted by the EU. We collected the precipitation data of four stations every 30 minute between 2000 and 2013, and we calculated the estimated level of intensity characterizing the Carpathian Basin. Based on these data, we calculated the correlation of the measured data of intensity with the values of the MFI index (the correlation was 0.75). According to a combination of regional climate models, precipitation data could be estimated until 2100, and by calculating the statistical relationship between the previous correlation and this data sequence, we could estimate the spatial and temporal changes of rainfall intensity.","PeriodicalId":115431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Geography","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128164298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Hydrological and Morphological Changes of the Lower Danube Near Mohács, Hungary 匈牙利Mohács附近多瑙河下游的水文和形态变化

Journal of Environmental Geography Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/jengeo-2016-0001

J. Nagy, T. Kiss

{"title":"Hydrological and Morphological Changes of the Lower Danube Near Mohács, Hungary","authors":"J. Nagy, T. Kiss","doi":"10.1515/jengeo-2016-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jengeo-2016-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Various direct human impacts changed the hydro-morphology of the Danube during the last centuries. The aims of the present study are (1) to analyze the water regime of the Danube River using the data of Mohács gauging station (1900-2013), and (2) to study the channel development (1952-2014) in connection with water regime changes and human impacts at a section near Bogyiszló (upstream of Mohács). According to the results the height of low water stages decreased by approx. 136 cm (1.2 cm/year), and new, high record flood stages were measured too. The discharge values appertaining to the same low water stages doubled, thus nowadays almost twice as much water flows through the cross-section of the channel at a given stage as at the beginning of the studied period. As the duration of low stages increased, the sandbar development intensified, thus the channel became narrower (by 48% at some places) and deeper thalweg evolved. Therefore, a smaller cross-section for flood-waves evolved, affecting the height of flood. These changes affect shipping, as due to riverbed incision and decrease of low water stages, the lowest shipping water level has to be set repeatedly at lower stages. Besides water extraction from the channel will have difficulties, thus irrigation and industrial cooling water supply will be limited in the future.","PeriodicalId":115431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Geography","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124848809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Open Source Web GIS Solutions in Disaster Management – with Special Emphasis on Inland Excess Water Modeling 灾害管理中的开源Web GIS解决方案-特别强调内陆过量水建模

Journal of Environmental Geography Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/jengeo-2016-0003

L. Juhász, Ádám Podolcsák, János Doleschall

{"title":"Open Source Web GIS Solutions in Disaster Management – with Special Emphasis on Inland Excess Water Modeling","authors":"L. Juhász, Ádám Podolcsák, János Doleschall","doi":"10.1515/jengeo-2016-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jengeo-2016-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In recent years, the increased frequency of inland excess water in the Carpathian Basin gets more and more attention. The authors developed a web based pilot application for disaster management, with special emphasis on inland excess water hazard management. Free and open source software was used to generate a model, and our work was based on Web GIS standards (OGC), which makes further development possible. The developed Web GIS application provides functions to support the data collection regarding channels and ditches, and on-line hydrological analysis based on OGC Web Processing Services (WPS). Hydrological analysis aims to visualize the areas potentially at risk, depending on different precipitation quantities and various values of influencing factors. In order to run the prototype a sample data set was gathered including reference maps, technical parameters and current condition of canals and ditches. The methodology of crowdsourcing can produce valuable Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) that can fulfill the data requirements of disaster management applications. The prototype supports Crowdsourcing in the following aspects: free user access to the system’s analysis functionality, stakeholders may digitize the position of ditches, modify the status of the existing ditch system according to current conditions and add or modify parameters relevant for the analysis. The application demonstrated the usability of stakeholder generated geographic information and web processing for disaster management. The idea of integrating user-generated data into the various tasks of a disaster management agency is promising. However, maintaining data quality and standards compliance remain important issues.","PeriodicalId":115431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Geography","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123243673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Environmental Monitoring Supported by Aerial Photography – a Case Study of the Burnt Down Bugac Juniper Forest, Hungary 航空摄影支持的环境监测——以匈牙利烧毁的布加克杜松林为例

Journal of Environmental Geography Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/jengeo-2016-0005

József Szatmári, Zalán Tobak, Z. Novák

{"title":"Environmental Monitoring Supported by Aerial Photography – a Case Study of the Burnt Down Bugac Juniper Forest, Hungary","authors":"József Szatmári, Zalán Tobak, Z. Novák","doi":"10.1515/jengeo-2016-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jengeo-2016-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wildfire poses a serious risk in several regions of the world threatening urban, agricultural areas and natural ecosystems as well. Nature conservation has important role to be prepared for the management of postfire environmental degradation and restoration for protected areas preserving valuable ecosystems. The improving temporal and spatial resolution of remote sensing and GIS methods significantly contributes to map the changes for accelerating management steps of restoration. In this study a severe wildfire and its impacts were assessed in case of a protected area of the Kiskunság National Park in Hungary, which was partly burnt down in 2012. The aim of this research was to efficiently and accurately assess the damages and to plan and execute the restoration works using remote sensing tools. Aerial data collection was performed one month, and one year after the fire. In 2014 the regenerated vegetation was surveyed and mapped in the field. Using the aerial photographs and the field data, the degree and extent of the fire damages, the types and the state of the vegetation and the presence and proportion of the invasive species were determined. Semi-automatic methods were used for the classification of completely, partially damaged and undamaged areas. Based on the results, the reforestation of the burnt area is suggested to prevent the overspreading of white poplar against common junipers and to clean the area from the most frequent invasive species. To monitor the regeneration of the vegetation and the spreading of the invasive species, further aerial photography and field campaigns are planned.","PeriodicalId":115431,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Geography","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127078108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10