{"title":"Revealing Challenges of Teaching Secrecy","authors":"J. Bratich, C. Scott","doi":"10.31979/2377-6188.2021.020203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31979/2377-6188.2021.020203","url":null,"abstract":"All teaching has something to do with transmission of hidden knowledge, secrecy, and revelation. But the teaching of secrecy itself faces particular challenges. Drawing on the authors’ experiences teaching secrecy-themed seminars to first-year university students, this paper pinpoints four such challenges: how to determine the range of phenomena to cover in a short course, how to prevent excessive interpretation of secrets, how to encourage students to take a fun and familiar, and how to engage students in their own practices of secrecy. In laying out these challenges, we aim to contribute to a secrecy literacy: a needed competency so people can better evaluate efforts to keep secrets, and appreciate the need for certain types of secrets while also being able to critique problematic forms. Such experiments in the pedagogies of secrecy aim to provide a foundation for the skills needed to better manage secrecy in our professional and everyday lives.","PeriodicalId":115408,"journal":{"name":"Secrecy and Society","volume":"178 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120875422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Today’s Fake News is Tomorrow’s Fake History: How US History Textbooks Mirror Corporate News Media Narratives","authors":"N. Higdon, Mickey Huff, Jen Lyons","doi":"10.31979/2377-6188.2021.020204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31979/2377-6188.2021.020204","url":null,"abstract":"The main thrust of this study is to assess how the systematic biases found in mass media journalism affect the writing of history textbooks. There has been little attention paid to how the dissemination of select news information regarding the recent past, particularly from the 1990s through the War on Terror, influences the ways in which US history is taught in schools. This study employs a critical-historical lens with a media ecology framework to compare Project Censored’s annual list of censored and under-reported stories to the leading and most adopted high school and college US history textbooks. The findings reveal that historical narratives largely mirror corporate media reporting, while countervailing investigative journalism is often missing from the textbooks. This study demonstrates the need for critical media literacy inside the pedagogy of history education and teacher training programs in the US.","PeriodicalId":115408,"journal":{"name":"Secrecy and Society","volume":"212 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116112961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Giants: The Global Power Elite","authors":"S. Maret","doi":"10.31979/2377-6188.2021.020213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31979/2377-6188.2021.020213","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":115408,"journal":{"name":"Secrecy and Society","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114337865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Questions of Professional Practice and Reporting on State Secrets: Glenn Greenwald and the NSA Leaks","authors":"R. Rice","doi":"10.31979/2377-6188.2021.020207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31979/2377-6188.2021.020207","url":null,"abstract":"In 2013, journalist Glenn Greenwald met with Edward Snowden, who leaked the most documents in the history of the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA). Greenwald reported on these documents and proved that the NSA spied on millions of American citizens. However, Greenwald also provided commentary about the state of journalism and argued that journalists are often complicit in the keeping of state secrets. Using a rhetorical analysis of Greenwald's writings in The Guardian and his later book, this essay argues that journalists function as a technical audience that debates professional standards for leaking secrets. In Greenwald's case, journalists were involved in the \"re-secreting\" of NSA behavior as they focused their coverage on Greenwald. This essay finds that secrets are communicatively revealed and concealed using different rhetorical appeals. In an age of political hostility toward journalists, the success of leak journalism in starting public discussion has significance for democratic deliberation.","PeriodicalId":115408,"journal":{"name":"Secrecy and Society","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117278302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Classified: Secrecy and the State in Modern Britain","authors":"D. Gill","doi":"10.31979/2377-6188.2021.020212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31979/2377-6188.2021.020212","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":115408,"journal":{"name":"Secrecy and Society","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131657604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Matthew Potolsky’s The National Security Sublime: On the Aesthetics of Government Secrecy","authors":"N. Higdon","doi":"10.31979/2377-6188.2021.020211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31979/2377-6188.2021.020211","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":115408,"journal":{"name":"Secrecy and Society","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121170297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Rhetorical Devices of the Keepers of State Secrets","authors":"Stéphane Lefebvre","doi":"10.31979/2377-6188.2021.020206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31979/2377-6188.2021.020206","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines a set of rhetorical devices forming a linguistic practice that are used repeatedly by secret keepers in the United States and the United Kingdom when legally and popularly arguing against the disclosure of state secrets. Each of these devices (using lists, using the future conditional, arguing from ignorance and authority, arguing from consequences, and arguing by analogy) play a role in shaping our social understanding of state secrecy. More importantly, these devices provide secret keepers a means by which to assert their knowledge and expertise, and to legitimize, if judges agree with them, the nondisclosure of state secrets. Once they have been created and have become commonly known to secret keepers, and validated by the judiciary through court precedents, they can be reproduced and passed on from a generation to the next. This article documents the use of these devices and their interrelationships.","PeriodicalId":115408,"journal":{"name":"Secrecy and Society","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128526481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Pick a Card, Any Card”: Learning to Deceive and Conceal – with Care","authors":"B. Rappert","doi":"10.31979/2377-6188.2021.020208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31979/2377-6188.2021.020208","url":null,"abstract":"Because of the asymmetries in knowledge regarding the underlying hidden mechanisms as well as because of the importance of intentional deception, entertainment magic is often presented as an exercise in power, manipulation, and control. This article challenges such portrayals and through doing so common presumptions about how secrets are kept. It does so through recounting the experiences of the author as a beginner learning a craft. Regard for the choices and tensions associated with the accomplishment of mutually recognized deception in entertainment magic are marshalled to consider how it involves \"reciprocal action\" between the audience and the performer. Attending to forms of inter-relation and coordination been all those present will be used to appreciate how intentional concealment and deception can be situationally and jointly accomplished. The stakes and possibilities of that accomplishment will be explored by re-imagining magic as a practice of care.","PeriodicalId":115408,"journal":{"name":"Secrecy and Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128750365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Secrecy in U.S. National Security: Why a Paradigm Shift Is Needed","authors":"S. Aftergood","doi":"10.31979/2377-6188.2021.020210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31979/2377-6188.2021.020210","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":115408,"journal":{"name":"Secrecy and Society","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134270206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"State Secrecy: A Literature Review","authors":"Stéphane Lefebvre","doi":"10.31979/2377-6188.2021.020209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31979/2377-6188.2021.020209","url":null,"abstract":"What is secrecy? What is a state secret? Which state secrets deserve protection from disclosures? How are state secrets protected from disclosure? In this review, I use these questions as an organizing framework to review the richness of a very disparate, largely US-centric, but also multidisciplinary literature. In doing so, I highlight the social nature of secrecy that it is a social construct with social effects and consequences and the need for further research to unveil those rationalities that specific discourses on state secrecy put forward to legitimize the nondisclosure of state secrets.","PeriodicalId":115408,"journal":{"name":"Secrecy and Society","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130920508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}