Ecology eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Simultaneous Determination of Seven Bisphenol Analogues in Surface Water by Solid-Phase Extraction and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Qiuxu Wang, Qiyan Feng, Guan-jiu Hu, Zhanqi Gao, Xueqiang Zhu, James Epua Epri","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3934341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3934341","url":null,"abstract":"For the simultaneous measurement of seven types of bisphenol analogues (BPs) in surface water, a method combining solid-phase extraction (SPE) with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed. The extraction efficiency was improved by optimizing the parameters that affect it, including the solid phase extraction cartridge, pH, enrichment factor, flow rate, rinsing and elution volumes. On the basis of a single factor experiment, an attempt to obtain the result of optimizing by response surface method was made, and the optimal parameters were as follows: at a flow rate of 8 mL/min, 1000 mL of water sample was run through the hydrophilic-lipophilic balancing cartridge, rinsed with 10% methanol, eluted with 9 mL methanol, and concentrated with nitrogen using an automatic solid-phase extraction system. The analytes were separated on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column using gradient elution with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.05% (v/v) ammonia, and then analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS using multiple reaction monitoring in the negative-ion mode, with an 8-minute chromatographic run time. In the range of 1-500 μg/L, seven BPs showed good linearity with correlations greater than 0.99. The recovery ranged from 82.3%-96.7%, and the range of matrix effect was 89.2% to 107%. These results indicated excellent recovery and minimal matrix effect. The limits of detection were 0.025-1.5 ng/L, the relative standard deviation ranged were 2.9%-8.5%. Using the developed method, five BPs were detected in Luoma Lake and four BPs were detected in inflow rivers. BPA and BPF were the predominant BPs, and the concentration of BPA was the highest. The method was proved to be sensitive, accurate and efficient, and it was suitable for qualitative and quantitative analysis of seven BPs in surface water.","PeriodicalId":11510,"journal":{"name":"Ecology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86667888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing Nature’s Nurture? Lightning, Nitrogen Supply, and Crop Production","authors":"X. Cui","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3864039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3864039","url":null,"abstract":"Lightning provides nitrogen fixation that fertilizes crops, but there have been no estimates on how this naturally provided input affects actual production and incentivizes farm behaviors. Based on a decades-long panel of US counties with geo-referenced lightning activities, I find lightning only significantly increases soybean yields; but the yield of corn, heavily reliant on commercial fertilizer, is unaffected. The nitrogen windfall does not influence fertilizer application on both crops, but extra nitrogen provided by strong lightning significantly stimulates corn expansion. In addition to short-run implications on nitrogen management, the results imply potential long-run benefits as lightning co-evolves with climate change.","PeriodicalId":11510,"journal":{"name":"Ecology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87669075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Worldwide Energy Harvesting Potential of Hybrid CPV/PV Technology","authors":"Juan F. Martínez, M. Steiner, M. Wiesenfarth, H. Helmers, G. Siefer, S. Glunz, F. Dimroth","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3815001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3815001","url":null,"abstract":"Hybridization of multi‑junction concentrator photovoltaics with single‑junction flat plate solar cells (CPV/PV) delivers the highest power output per module area of any PV technology. Conversion efficiencies up to 34.2% have been published under the AM1.5g spectrum at standard test conditions for the EyeCon module which combines Fresnel lenses and III-V four‑junction solar cells with bifacial c‑Si. We investigate here its energy yield and compare it to conventional CPV as well as flat plate PV. The advantage of the hybrid CPV/PV module is that it converts direct sunlight with the most advanced multi‑junction cell technology, while accessing diffuse, lens‑scattered and back side irradiance with a Si cell that also serves as the heat distributor for the concentrator cells. This article quantifies the additional energy yield per module area expected from hybrid CPV/PV modules and therefore gives clear guidance towards establishing competitive business cases for the technology.","PeriodicalId":11510,"journal":{"name":"Ecology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81227231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gradients of Mechanical Properties in Taenioglossan Radular Teeth is Linked with Specific Function and Ecological Niche","authors":"S. Gorb, W. Krings","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3813472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3813472","url":null,"abstract":"Biological composites usually display graded heterogeneities in structure and mechanical properties, enabling proper functioning. The radula, one important molluscan autapomorphy and the organ for food processing, is well examined in the light of its morphology, but the mechanical properties that enable an efficient acting of the radular teeth on the ingesta with a simultaneous reduction of structural failure are not known for the vast majority of gastropods. In this case study, we employed nanoindentation technique, to measure mechanical properties (hardness and Young’s modulus) on three distinct localities of an individual radular tooth in taenioglossan radular teeth of African paludomid gastropods with distinct ecological niches (preferred feeding substrate). A gradual distribution of measured properties along the teeth was found in species foraging on solid or mixed feeding substrates, but soft substrate feeders exhibit teeth almost homogeneous in their biomechanical properties. We hypothesize, that large-scale gradients are not abundant in all biological materials and that the presence of functional gradients is rather directly linked with their specific function and in general with the species ecology.","PeriodicalId":11510,"journal":{"name":"Ecology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85254593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Content of Heavy Metals in Phytoplankton of the Zaporizhia Reservoir","authors":"Yu. I. Nikolenko, E. Fedonenko","doi":"10.15587/2519-8025.2020.210095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-8025.2020.210095","url":null,"abstract":"The aim : to investigate the features of the distribution and accumulation of heavy metals by phytoplankton in different parts of the Zaporizhia reservoir. Materials and methods. Phytoplankton samples were collected in the summer of 2019 at 5 sites along the watercourse of the Zaporizhia reservoir. The concentration of heavy metals in the samples was determined using the C115-M1 atomic absorption spectrophotometer, at specific wavelengths corresponding to the maximum absorption of each of the studied metals in accordance with standard methods. The metal content was expressed in mg/kg dry weight. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out according to generally accepted methods using the “Microsoft Excel 2010” software. Results. Studies have revealed that the maximum content of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Fe is recorded in the phytoplankton of the creek of the Mokra Sura river; the maximum content of Mn is revealed on the Monastyrsky island, and the content of Cd is the largest in phytoplankton of the lower part of the reservoir. It has been found that the bioconcentration factors of Iron and Magnesium in phytoplankton are characterized as ultrahigh at all the studied points; those of Nickel, Zinc and Copper are characterized as high. Lead and Cadmium bioconcentration factors can be characterized as moderate at most sampling points; however, they are high at the lower part of reservoir. Conclusions. The content of heavy metals in phytoplankton in different parts of the Zaporizhia reservoir differs significantly. Phytoplankton of the Zaporizhia reservoir is able to accumulate heavy metals, especially Iron and Magnesium, which are accumulated in large amounts; the maximum indicators of these elements are recorded in the Samara bay. There is a difference between absolute concentrations of heavy metals in phytoplankton and its accumulative capacity. It is related to both the hydrological and hydrochemical conditions of the area and the qualitative and quantitative composition of phytoplankton","PeriodicalId":11510,"journal":{"name":"Ecology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78603612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Claims for Compensation of Damage to Coral Reef Ecosystem Due to Vessel Grounded in the Waters Area of Cilik Island, Karimunjawa Subdistrict, Jepara Regency, Central Java Province","authors":"Y. Wahyudin","doi":"10.30997/IJSR.V2I1.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30997/IJSR.V2I1.27","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to conduct a claim of compensation claim for damage to the coral reef ecosystem as a vessel grounded in the waters of Cilik island, Karimunjawa Subdistrict, Jepara Regency, Central Java Province. The research method of this study conducted using survey and case of study. The analyses used by this study was economic valuation of ecosystem services loss, cost of coral reef restoration and cost of verification and dispute resolution. The result of this study showed that the total claim of compensation amounted IDR 3,067,031,155.96 (USD 227,466.52) for compensating the area of coral reef damage 111.69 square meters, i.e. IDR 635,525,318.46 for losing of coral reef ecosystem services, IDR 2,181,505,837.50 for cost of coral reef restoration, and IDR 250,000,000.00 for verification and dispute resettlement cost. This claim of compensation delivered as an effort to force the responsibility of the vessel owner and to restore the area of coral reef damage in the future.","PeriodicalId":11510,"journal":{"name":"Ecology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89110864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Simulation Modeling for Assessment of Environmental Safety of Soils","authors":"Tetyana Bojko, D. Skladannyy, Julia Zaporozhets, Sergii Plashykhin","doi":"10.15587/2312-8372.2020.198785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2312-8372.2020.198785","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research is the ecological safety of soil pollution by an industrial enterprise. The general geofiltration process could be considered as a complex of individual physical and physico-chemical processes. During the study, the individual components of the geofiltration process were considered and a reasonable choice of mathematical models for their description is made. One of the problems is the soil type influence assessment and the corresponding geofiltration scheme on the overall filtration processes results. The classification of soils according to the filtration processes that occur in them is considered. For different soils types, influence coefficients of individual processes constituting geofiltration are established. As an assessment of the results of geofiltration, the ratio of the current concentration of the pollutant to its background concentration is proposed. A technique is proposed for determining indicators of purification efficiency, based on a simulation experiment. An algorithm for conducting a simulation experiment on a complex of models was developed taking into account the established coefficients and 10,000 of its implementations were carried out. Based on the simulation experiment results, the values that allow assessing the geofiltration quality is determined:– purification degree interval assessment$– soil layer height, which provides the maximum possible purification degree and the complete purification probability when the pollutant passing through the soil layer for all the examined soils.Considering the risk of contaminant entering groundwater through the soil layer is proposed and the assessing scale for this risk based on Harrington desirability scale is established. For all considered soils types, the risk of pollution penetration in cases when the initial concentration of the pollutant exceeds the background by three, five and ten times is assessed.It makes possible to obtain values of geofiltration performance indicators depending on the pollutant initial concentration, taking into account the soil type. This indicators is recommended to take into account for designing locations for potentially hazardous facilities and industries.","PeriodicalId":11510,"journal":{"name":"Ecology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90383796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrafiltration of Toxic Effluent and Reverse Osmosis for Management of Ground Water in Industrial Clusters","authors":"B. G. Gupta","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3546540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3546540","url":null,"abstract":"The present study attempts to assess the nature of effluents generated from textile bleaching and dyeing units located at Kalikapur area under Maheshtala region, West Bengal, India and to provide a sustainable management of ground water resources through installing CETPs with zero liquid discharge system. Effluent from medium, small and tiny units of this region are estimated at 2000 MLD. Studies with 40 units for four years (2012—2016) located in this area exhibited following mean values of different physic-chemical variables: pH(9), BOD(608 mg/l), COD(1824 mg/l), TDS (6410 mg/l), TSS (926 mg/l)) and trace metals such as Pb (0.43mg/l), Cr(0.031 mg/l), Zn(0.74 mg/l), Ni (0.07 mg/l) and Cd (0.03 mg/l). These values exceeded the standard permissible limits stipulated by FAO (1985) and WHO (2003). The wastewater laden with toxic trace metals is adversely affecting the environment and human health and also degrades the quality of both surface and groundwater and consequently contaminates agricultural land, crops, fruits and vegetable and causes harm to aquatic life forms. Four to five CETPs are urgently required to install at different locations of the Mahestala region with a capacity of 500 MLD each, at least one in Kalikapur area, to manage large volume of wastewater (2000 MLD) and sustainable management of ground water resources in a thickly populated urban area near Calcutta, a principal city of India.","PeriodicalId":11510,"journal":{"name":"Ecology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85996771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility Study of Biogas Upgrading Facility Development from Anaerobic Digestion of Palm Oil Mill Effluent in Indonesia","authors":"Samsul Hadi Saputro, M. Sudibandriyo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3796135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3796135","url":null,"abstract":"Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) can be processed using anaerobic digestion technologies to produce biogas. Biogas, that was produced from the anaerobic digestion process from POME, contained a high impurity CO2 30% - 45% and H2S around 1500 - 3000 ppm. In this research, a feasibility study was conducted to develop an anaerobic digestion facility from POME and biogas upgrading facility using absorption-based technologies: water scrubbing and amine scrubbing. The technical study was carried out using Aspen Plus software with a biogas flow rate of 0.8 MMCFD and methane content in biogas of 65% mole fraction. The target biomethane product contains CH4> 95%, CO2< 5%, H2S < 10 ppm and water content<10 lb/MMscf. The investment and operating costs for an aerobic digestion facilities use data from previous biogas projects that have been registered in the UNFCCC CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) project in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the biogas upgrading facility's investment cost is obtained from the simulation results using Aspen Plus software. An economic study was conducted to calculate the gas price of biomethane with an expected internal rate of return of 12%. The purity level of biomethane from water scrubbing facilities reached 97.38% and from amine scrubbing facilities reached 99.93%. From the simulation and calculation result, the lowest gas price of biomethane was $ 13.06/MMB tu using amine scrubbing technology.","PeriodicalId":11510,"journal":{"name":"Ecology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89289369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposed GaAs and Si OPFET Photodetectors for Solar Cell Applications","authors":"J. Gaitonde, R. Lohani","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3503782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3503782","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of the GaAs and Si-based Optical Field Effect Transistor (OPFET) photodetectors for use in solar cell applications has been examined. The solar power spectrum with the air mass (AM0) suitable for satellite and space vehicle applications is provided as an input. The detectors closely reproduce the input spectrum while delivering sufficient output current with high responsivity, External Quantum Efficiency (EQE), and low switching times. These parameters along with the photovoltage generated as a function of wavelength are plotted and deeply analyzed. The comparative study of the Si and the GaAs OPFET detectors is presented. The analysis is based on the structural, material parameters, and the external factors applied. The gate materials utilized are Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO) for Si and gold (Au) for GaAs. Two distinct illumination models: Buried-gate front-illuminated OPFET and the generalized model of OPFET are being considered for the study. The proposed devices show great potential for solar cell applications.","PeriodicalId":11510,"journal":{"name":"Ecology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73349304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}