Egyptian journal of forensic sciences最新文献

{"title":"Kvaal’s dental age estimation method applied to Brazilian adults—a cross-sectional test of validity","authors":"Suzana Mantovani, Adriano Petta, Marianna Arakelyan, Mariana Soares, Ademir Franco","doi":"10.1186/s41935-023-00381-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00381-y","url":null,"abstract":"Dental age estimation of adults is a challenging procedure in forensic odontology. Radiographic techniques have enabled non-invasive age estimation of adults since the 90’s. Kvaal’s method based on the deposition of secondary dentin has demonstrated broad applicability in several populations. Population-specific studies with this method, however, are scarce in South America. This study tested the validity of Kvaal’s method in a sample of radiographs of Brazilian adults. The sample consisted of 192 periapical radiographs of 106 females (55.2%) and 86 males (44.8%) with ages between 20 and 80 years old. The permanent maxillary right (n = 84, 43.8%) and left (n = 108, 56.2%) central incisors were assessed based on Kvaal’s method. Lin’s coefficient of concordance between estimated (EA) and chronological (CA) ages was 0.800 (IC95% = 0.753; 0.847) (p < 0.001). The mean difference between EA and CA was − 2.84 years (p < 0.001). For females and males, separately, the mean differences between EA and CA were − 3.82 years (CI95% = − 5.38; − 2.25) (p < 0.001) and − 1.86 years (CI95% = − 3.56; − 0.17) (p = 0.031), respectively. Underestimations were predominant and increased with time. After 28 years of the original publication, Kvaal’s method remains reliable for non-invasive dental age estimation of adults, especially for the analysis of the permanent maxillary central incisors of Brazilian individuals.","PeriodicalId":11507,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian journal of forensic sciences","volume":"55 47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139376330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penetrating two stab to the throat, survival time and physical mobility: a suicide case and literature review","authors":"Cemil Çelik, Tuba Akkuş Çetinkaya, Uğur Ata, Murat Kamalak, Naile Esra Saka","doi":"10.1186/s41935-023-00373-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00373-y","url":null,"abstract":"It is difficult to pinpoint the manner of death in cases of death due to sharp force injuries where injury patterns resemble one another. Other issues that might arise include physical mobility and survival time after injury. Within the scope of this case, a 53-year-old male suicide with findings suggestive of homicide is presented, along with research on the nature of sharp neck injuries, survival time, and movement after injury. Thanks to the surveillance camera video that captured a significant portion of the occurrence, it was determined that the incident in the case that was presented, which had two perforations of the larynx, was suicide. At first appearance, this case could be assumed to be homicidal. Due to the injury, the victim could only walk around 300–350 m. The victim had a 4-h average survival time. In general terms, the survival time according to the injury sites in the neck can be listed for a person (if the wound sizes are close to each other) as follows: injury causing vagal stimulation < arterial injury with severe blood loss < venous injury with blood loss < airway injury causing aspiration and respiratory failure.","PeriodicalId":11507,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian journal of forensic sciences","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138716313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of chemometrics in forensic toxicology","authors":"Sukhwinder Singh, Hanan Shakeel, Rakesh Sharma","doi":"10.1186/s41935-023-00371-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00371-0","url":null,"abstract":"The beginning of chemometrics within pattern recognition of the 1960s and 1970s is defined. This article shows a comprehensive deliberation on application of the chemometric techniques to chemical data analysis. Many review papers along with the usage of chemometrics in forensic chemistry have been available. The present article has been distributed into several parts which comprise chemometrics, its history, its function and chemometrics methods. It is advised that these new chemometrics methods should be applied in forensic chemistry to get accurate and fast results.","PeriodicalId":11507,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian journal of forensic sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138580126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bimanual comparison of variation in sweat pores with sex and age: a brief dermatoglyphic survey of population in Delhi-NCR","authors":"Sakshi Sharda, Prakash Ranjan Mondal","doi":"10.1186/s41935-023-00372-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00372-z","url":null,"abstract":"Personal identification using partial fingerprints poses a major challenge in forensic investigations. In light of such restrictions, sweat pore characteristics have shown to be a possible alternative. However, limited research has been done on these due to their minute size. The present study was undertaken with the objective of studying the differences in pore frequency, pore shapes (circular and non-circular), and pore positions (middle and periphery) with respect to sex, bimanual, and age in the population of Delhi-NCR (National Capital Region). As there is no universal approach for defining the evaluation area of pore analysis, we used fingerprint patterns to demarcate a 9mm2 area of analysis. The rolled-inked fingerprints of 200 individuals (100 males and 100 females) belonging to 18-60 years of age were examined using microscopy. The obtained data for all prints was analysed and compared with respect to the different variables. The results showed statistically significant bimanual variations for both sexes. In females, all studied pore characteristics except the number of pores at the middle position were significantly higher in the right hand as compared to the left hand. In males, only the number of pores at the peripheral position was significantly higher in the right hand as compared to the left hand. However, no significant differences were observed in pore characteristics between the two sexes and among the different age groups. Moreover, several pore characteristics showed a significant correlation with age in males as compared to females where no significant correlations were observed. Significant bimanual variations highlighted the potential application of pore characteristics for forensic practice; wherein a fingerprint examiner might determine the probable hand used for the commission of the crime, thereby strengthening the evidentiary value of partial fingerprints. These findings also suggest that the sex and age of an individual cannot be determined by pore characteristics.","PeriodicalId":11507,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian journal of forensic sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138568405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A chronological study of gunshot residue (GSR) detection techniques: a narrative review","authors":"Sreelakshmi Krishna, Pooja Ahuja","doi":"10.1186/s41935-023-00369-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00369-8","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation and reconstruction of firearm-related crimes for the determination of the shooting distance, time since fire, and gunshot residue (GSR) persistence using the analysis of GSR comprising organic and inorganic components are crucial. However, the conventional color tests and allied techniques for GSR analysis are destructive and have limited sensitivity and selectivity. The review gives an elaborate and chronological description of all the methods used to date along with the future aspects of GSR detection techniques. It highlights the significant methods of spectrometry and spectroscopy applied as analytical techniques for the evaluation of GSR. The study is divided into various sections, ranging from the conventional color tests to the current techniques used in GSR analysis. While there is inconsistency and unreliability in these techniques, the current approaches discussed in this study using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), and electrochemical sensor-based methods have significant potential for GSR detection. Addressing such limitations will enhance the forensic capabilities of law enforcement and provide an added advantage to forensic laboratories during an investigation. It will also reinforce the use of such spectroscopic data in a criminal investigation. The techniques discussed here have the capability to detect both organic and inorganic components of GSR that has the potential to link GSR particles to the type of ammunition discharged. The validity and reliability of these approaches have proved to establish their capability to differentiate between potential false positives known for standard forensic analysis techniques currently used for GSR detection and identification. The paper anticipates a systematic study of the novel methodologies relevant to the current scope of research concerning GSR analysis, when fully developed and implemented in practice will help forensic scientists to detect, identify, and analyze GSR, making it a new and important type of evidence.","PeriodicalId":11507,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian journal of forensic sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138540732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sixty years of research in dental age estimation: a bibliometric study","authors":"Carlos Alonso Leite dos Santos, Patric Anderson Gomes da Silva, Luiz Marivando Barros, Jean Paul Kamdem, Antonia Eliene Duarte, Waseem Hassan","doi":"10.1186/s41935-023-00370-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00370-1","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;On September 29, 2023, Merdietio Boedi et al., (2023) published a remarkable article. They performed bibliometric analysis of dental age estimation (DAE). The search string was “Dental Age Estimation” OR “Age Determination through Teeth.” The data was retrieved from Scopus database and covered the publications from 1964 to 2022.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude for their valuable work. They also adapted a meticulous approach in gathering, analyzing, and presenting the relevant data. In this communication, we would like to request the esteemed authors for their expert opinion about a few discrepancies. We also tried to contribute new data that may enhance the quality of the published work.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The authors reported and analyzed 1638 articles, however for the same search strings we found 1744 research documents (from 1964 to 2022). The expert opinion of Merdietio Boedi, R., and their colleagues will be highly appreciated to clarify the stated discrepancy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We also observed significant differences in the productivity of universities. For instance, according to Merdietio Boedi et al. the University of São Paulo (USP) have produced 104 articles, But according to our findings USP published only 35 documents. Similarly, the Universitätsklinikum Münster, which was listed with 83 articles in the article, actually has a total of 29 articles. While the University of Zagreb, to which 71 articles were attributed, actually has 28 research documents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Regarding countries, there are indeed significant discrepancies in the numbers presented. India, as mentioned, has a total of 667 articles, but the database indicated only 196. In the case of Italy, there are 532 articles, while the database lists 148. Certainly, a more in-depth analysis of these discrepancies is necessary to better understand the origin of these differences. Further investigations and clarifications are essential to reconcile these disparities in the data. Once again thanks to Merdietio Boedi et al. for their interesting work and we believe their expert opinion will truly help the common readership.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The data was retrieved from Scopus and attached as Supplementary material. the authors confirm that the data underlying the conclusions of this study are available in the article (and/or) its supplementary materials.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt style=\"min-width:50px;\"&gt;&lt;dfn&gt;DAE:&lt;/dfn&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Dental Age Estimation&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dt style=\"min-width:50px;\"&gt;&lt;dfn&gt;USP:&lt;/dfn&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;University of São Paulo&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;ul data-track-component=\"outbound reference\"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;MerdietioBoedi R, Mânica S, Franco A (2023) Sixty years of research in dental age estimation: a bibliometric study. Egypt J Forensic Sci. 13:41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00360-3&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Article Google Scholar &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Download references&lt;svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" role=\"img\" width=\"16\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#icon-eds-i-download-medium\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xli","PeriodicalId":11507,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian journal of forensic sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138540728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ballistic armor—a study on the impact of air gun pellets on jean cloth","authors":"B. G. Chinmayi, Ashwini Kumar, M. S. Arjun","doi":"10.1186/s41935-023-00367-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00367-w","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Ballistics deals with the study of projectile propulsion, flight, and impact in any medium. Different garment materials can have varying effects when it comes to the penetration of pellets into the body. Body armor has been around for a long time. Dhal, a curving strip of rhino hide, was possibly the first armor in India, used for sword fighting or defense against arrows and spears. It gave way to steel armor, which protected the body’s essential organs from spear and arrow strikes. The current study is primarily concerned with how jeans material, when employed as body armor, contributes to the inquiry. The present study also examines how airgun pellets fired at various ranges affect jeans clothing wrapped around gel blocks. Results The study concluded that when fired at varied ranges, there was no significant variation in the diameters of the entry holes on clothing material. The gel block covered with jeans clothing was not found to be more damaged. Conclusions The findings also indicate that pellets had larger track lengths regardless of the range from which they were fired.","PeriodicalId":11507,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian journal of forensic sciences","volume":"21 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136233787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex estimation using angular measurements of nasion, sella, and glabella on lateral cephalogram among Indonesian adults in Yogyakarta","authors":"Aini Hasibah Ningtyas, Rini Widyaningrum, Rurie Ratna Shantiningsih, Ryna Dwi Yanuaryska","doi":"10.1186/s41935-023-00368-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00368-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Sex estimation gives the probability that someone is classified as a male or a female. Lateral cephalogram analysis can be used for sex estimation due to the resistance and dimorphism of the skull. Glabella has been known to have dimorphic characteristic in male and female, while nasion and sella have been widely used as a standard point in many craniometric measurements. This study aimed to develop an equation using nasion–sella–glabella (NSG), sella–glabella–nasion (SGN), and glabella–nasion–sella (GNS) angles on lateral cephalograms for sex estimation among Indonesian adults in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Results A total of 138 adults (aged 20–40 years) digital lateral cephalograms were taken from the dental records at Universitas Gadjah Mada Dental Hospital (108 used to form the equation of sex estimation; 30 used to test the equation), and the parameters were measured with EzDent-i Vatech. An independent t -test was used to analyze the differences in the angles between male and female adults. The equation for sex estimation was determined using discriminant function analysis. The average measurements of the NSG angles in male and female adults were 9.64° ± 1.36° and 11.21° ± 1.57°, respectively, the SGN angles were 54.65° ± 4.19° and 60.83° ± 4.13°, respectively, whereas the GNS angles were 118.33° ± 4.61° and 109.84° ± 5.19°, respectively. The independent t -test revealed a significant difference ( p < 0.05) between male and female adults. Discriminant function analysis yielded an equation for sex estimation using the NSG, SGN, and GNS angles with an accuracy of up to 75.9%, with the accuracy of sex estimation based on the testing sample being 70%. Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, male Indonesian adults have a smaller NSG and SGN angles but a bigger GNS angle than female adults. Related to the accuracy, the study’s findings indicate that the discriminant function of NSG, SGN, and GNS angles for sex estimation should not be generalized in wider population. More cephalogram parameters must be investigated in future studies on sex estimation.","PeriodicalId":11507,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian journal of forensic sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135667181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of 27 Y-chromosomal STR loci of the Mestizo Peruvian population","authors":"Carlos David Neyra-Rivera, Edgardo Delgado Ramos, Ericson Gutierrez Ingunza, Bruce Budowle","doi":"10.1186/s41935-023-00366-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00366-x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Y-chromosome-specific short tandem repeat markers reside on the non-recombinant portion of the Y chromosome and are paternally inherited. These properties make Y-STRs a useful tool in investigations of sexual assault and other violent crimes, paternity cases, genealogical testing, and evolutionary studies. Native populations reside in the Peruvian coast, mountains, and jungle; however, the Mestizos are the largest population group in Peru. Results Of the 290 samples, 283 distinct haplotypes were observed. Gene diversities for each Y-STR marker ranged from 0.4271 to 0.8597. The haplotype diversity for the total sample was 0.9964. Conclusions Genetic affinity was identified between the Peruvian Mestizo population and other Peruvian populations (except Jivaro, Awajun, and Shipibo-Conibo populations) and Bolivian Mestizo populations using multidimensional scaling and phylogenetic tree analysis","PeriodicalId":11507,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian journal of forensic sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136114244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge of child sexual abuse and attitudes towards reporting it among teachers and parents of children studying in selected primary schools of Udupi Taluk, India","authors":"Shwetha Prabhu, Savitha Prabhu, Flavia Noronha","doi":"10.1186/s41935-023-00365-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00365-y","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Child sexual abuse is one of the major issues of concern globally. Teachers and parents being the child’s primary caregivers should be knowledgeable regarding child sexual abuse. Aim of the study This study aimed to assess knowledge about child sexual abuse, determine attitudes toward reporting child sexual abuse, and find the relationship between knowledge and the attitude among the teachers and parents of the children studying in selected primary schools of Udupi taluk. Methods A descriptive survey design was adopted; the study participants were 90 teachers and 50 parents of the children studying in selected primary schools of Udupi Taluk. The instruments used were demographic proforma, a structured knowledge questionnaire about child sexual abuse, and an attitude scale toward reporting it. Results Results depicted that 50% of the teachers had average knowledge and 50% had good knowledge about child sexual abuse. All the teachers reported a favorable attitude towards reporting child sexual abuse. Similarly, 80% of the parents had average knowledge about child sexual abuse, and a majority of 76% had a favorable attitude towards reporting child sexual abuse. Unfavorable attitude towards reporting child sexual abuse was reported by 24% of the parents. No statistically significant correlation was found between knowledge and attitude toward reporting child sexual abuse among parents (( χ 2 = 1.891, p = 0.388). A significant association was found between teachers’ knowledge scores, their previous knowledge about child sexual abuse ( χ 2 = 7.56, p = 0.006), and the existence of a school counselor ( χ 2 = 5.40, p = 0.020). Likewise, the association was found between parents’ knowledge score, educational level of parents ( χ 2 = 18.3, p = 0.019), and marital status ( χ 2 = 18.5, p = 0.005). Conclusion Child sexual abuse is one of the major issues of concern globally. Teachers and parents being the child’s primary caregivers should be knowledgeable regarding child sexual abuse. As parents are not exposed to any training regarding identifying and reporting child sexual abuse, they may have unfavorable attitudes toward reporting it.","PeriodicalId":11507,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian journal of forensic sciences","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135351798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}