Earth Science Research最新文献_第3页

Petrology and Geochemical Characteristic of Granitoids From Guéra Massif in the Central Part of Chad: An Example of Mixing Magmas 乍得中部gusamra地块花岗岩岩石学及地球化学特征:以岩浆混合为例

Earth Science Research Pub Date : 2020-07-06 DOI: 10.5539/esr.v9n2p66

Diontar Mbaihoudou, Kwékam Maurice, Fozing Eric Martial, Kagou Dongmo Armand, Tcheumenak Kouémo Jules

{"title":"Petrology and Geochemical Characteristic of Granitoids From Guéra Massif in the Central Part of Chad: An Example of Mixing Magmas","authors":"Diontar Mbaihoudou, Kwékam Maurice, Fozing Eric Martial, Kagou Dongmo Armand, Tcheumenak Kouémo Jules","doi":"10.5539/esr.v9n2p66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/esr.v9n2p66","url":null,"abstract":"The granitoids of Guera Massif are composed of biotite-granite, amphibole-biotite granite and gabbro-diorite and commonly contain micro granular mafic enclaves which vary from monzogabbro to syenite composition. They are metaluminous, high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic series. Gabbro-diorite rocks are magnesian while amphibole-biotite granites are magnesian to ferroan, and biotite granites are ferroan. They are enriched in LREEs relative to HREE and display negative anomalies in Nb, Ta and Ti. Fields relationships, petrology and geochemistry indicate that mixing and mingling processes could be more relevant for the genesis of granitoids associated to fractional crystallization. Thus, the presence of mafic enclaves of gabbro-diorite composition in the granites, the resumption of alkaline feldspar xenocrystals in the gabbro-diorites, as well as the linear correlation between the granites and the gabbro-diorites and the intermediate position of the mafic enclaves between the two formations, enable us to propose magmatic mixing as the major process that presided over the evolution of the Guera granitoids. The delamination of the continental lithosphere during the post-collisional phase of the Pan-African orogeny would have caused the partial melting of the subduction-modofied mantle and lower continental crust and thus produced the magmas of the Guera granitoids.","PeriodicalId":11486,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76331321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interpretation of Aeromagnetic Data to Investigate Crustal Structures of the Contact Congo Craton - Pan-African Belt at the Eastern Cameroon 东喀麦隆接触刚果克拉通-泛非带地壳结构的航磁资料解释

Earth Science Research Pub Date : 2020-06-08 DOI: 10.5539/esr.v9n2p48

Olivier Ulrich Igor Owono Amougou, T. N. Mbarga, A. Meying, Jean Marcel Abate Essi, J. Mono, Didier Pepogo Manvele, Christian Gislain Leonel Ngah

{"title":"Interpretation of Aeromagnetic Data to Investigate Crustal Structures of the Contact Congo Craton - Pan-African Belt at the Eastern Cameroon","authors":"Olivier Ulrich Igor Owono Amougou, T. N. Mbarga, A. Meying, Jean Marcel Abate Essi, J. Mono, Didier Pepogo Manvele, Christian Gislain Leonel Ngah","doi":"10.5539/esr.v9n2p48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/esr.v9n2p48","url":null,"abstract":"The collision between the Congo Craton and the Pan African fold belt of Central Africa had great impacts on the geological and tectonic points of view, notably the installation of several tectonic accidents such as faults, fractures, dikes, folds, domes. This aeromagnetic study is based on Paterson's aeromagnetic data interpretations through the use of multiple operators. These data were processed by Oasis Montaj software. The total magnetic intensity map reduced to the equator (RTE-TMI) shows important anomalies features the major important regional anomalies. Maps of the vertical gradient, analytical signal and tilt angle maps have meanwhile highlighted several short wavelength anomalies assimilated to folding, dykes, fractures or faults. The map of maxima upward to 2 km allowed to establish the structural map of the study area. It turns out that the different types of geological accidents follow ENE-WSW, ESE-WNW, NE-SW, NW-SE and even E-W and N-S directions. All these directions are very similar to the geological history of the area. Anything that seems to confirm that the study area was the scene of intense tectonic movements resulting from the collision between the Congo Craton and the Central Africa Fold Belt.","PeriodicalId":11486,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83883539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantitative Minerological Analysis of Some Granite Rocks of Deoghar Jharkhand 德奥哈尔贾坎德邦花岗岩定量矿物学分析

Earth Science Research Pub Date : 2020-05-10 DOI: 10.5539/esr.v9n2p30

P. Srivastava, A. Krishna, S. Jawed, Pallavi Sarkhel

{"title":"Quantitative Minerological Analysis of Some Granite Rocks of Deoghar Jharkhand","authors":"P. Srivastava, A. Krishna, S. Jawed, Pallavi Sarkhel","doi":"10.5539/esr.v9n2p30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/esr.v9n2p30","url":null,"abstract":"Crystalline minerals in granite rocks has been quantatively analysed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope supported with Energy Dispersed Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). SEM microphotograph reveals that rock is dominated by brightly illuminated quartz imbedded in the matrix with mica and other minor minerals. The X-ray mineral composition data have been plotted with SEM-EDS mineral composition, data shows that the composition obtained by two technique are in consistent within the experimental limit and in good agreement. Further plot of chemical composition of constituent oxides of granite sample by XRD and SEM-EDS confirm the consistency of two technique and similarity with Jharkhand mean granite composition. Silica composition have been plotted with trace element Pb, Ba, Zr, Rb, and Alumina composition with Pb , Ba, Zr and Rb shows that these elements are randomly imbedded in the matrix with almost uniform composition. Al2O 3 composition have been plotted with Ba, Pb, and Zr shows almost constant composition in all the five samples. Based on XRD and SEM-EDS results, it was reveals that granite sample from the study areas are peraluminius rocks composed of mainly quartz, muscovite, kaolinite, chlorite and albite.","PeriodicalId":11486,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80067235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Economic Potential of Gold in Batouri (Eastern Cameroon) 巴图里(喀麦隆东部)黄金的经济潜力

Earth Science Research Pub Date : 2020-05-06 DOI: 10.5539/esr.v9n2p21

Tchouankam Klorane Junie, Mbog Michel Bertrand, Bayiga ElieConstant, Tassongwa Bernard, NgonNgon Gilbert François, Apouamoun Yiagnigni Roland, Kenfack JeanVictor, E. Jacques

{"title":"Economic Potential of Gold in Batouri (Eastern Cameroon)","authors":"Tchouankam Klorane Junie, Mbog Michel Bertrand, Bayiga ElieConstant, Tassongwa Bernard, NgonNgon Gilbert François, Apouamoun Yiagnigni Roland, Kenfack JeanVictor, E. Jacques","doi":"10.5539/esr.v9n2p21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/esr.v9n2p21","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is the valorization of the economic potential of gold in the Batouri region. The study is undertaken on five sites of which two alluvials (Djengo and Mongonam localities) made up of flat and river gold, two eluvials (Kambele and Bote) containing gold of veins in quarries, and one semi mechanized exploitation (METALICON) working on the two previous types. Laboratory works consist of traditional melting, determination of the various grades of gold through densimetry and spectrometry analysis and refining using the Miller Chloration method. The main results from these analyses are- i) recovery concentration is low, (about 0.5 g/t) for the traditional mining and higher with the semi mechanization (1.5-2 g/t). Densimetry and spectrometry analyses show that gold of semi mechanized sites has an average grade of about 24 carats, 22 carats and 20 for alluvial and eluvial gold respectively. ii) For 26 kg of gold refined, a weight of 16.681 kg is obtained at a cost of 4 051 946 (four million fifty one thousand and nine hundred forty six) CFA F. Spectrometry analyses reveal the presence of silver and copper impurities, elements that can still be valorized through the presence of a gold refining unit. Hence, the absence of a gold refining unit in our country leads to poor transformation of its ores and loss of devices.","PeriodicalId":11486,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81322088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of Upper Cretaceous to Upper Palaeocene Succession in Zimam Formation Along Wadi Tar al Kabir, NW Libya 利比亚Wadi Tar al Kabir沿线Zimam组上白垩统-上古新统地层与沉积学

Earth Science Research Pub Date : 2020-05-05 DOI: 10.5539/esr.v9n2p1

E. Abdulsamad, Saleh A. Emhanna, Muayid B. Asmaeil, Ahmed A. Alwddani, F. M. Rasheed, Abdulsalam M. AlhaddadI, Emad A. Alashhab, Ali K. Khalifa, Mohammed F. El Hassi

{"title":"Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of Upper Cretaceous to Upper Palaeocene Succession in Zimam Formation Along Wadi Tar al Kabir, NW Libya","authors":"E. Abdulsamad, Saleh A. Emhanna, Muayid B. Asmaeil, Ahmed A. Alwddani, F. M. Rasheed, Abdulsalam M. AlhaddadI, Emad A. Alashhab, Ali K. Khalifa, Mohammed F. El Hassi","doi":"10.5539/esr.v9n2p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/esr.v9n2p1","url":null,"abstract":"The Upper Cretaceous to Upper Palaeocene rocks of the Zimam Formation along the southwestern escarpment of the Hun Graben of NW Libya have been stratigraphically investigated from two stratigraphical sections in wadi Tar al Kabir. The field investigations led to the recognition of three members, from the oldest to the youngest, the Lower Tar Member, the Upper Tar Member and the Had Member. Eight sedimentary facies were distinguished at outcrop-scale and several microfacies were recognized and the outcome indicates that the depositions of the Zimam Formation are corresponding to two transgressive-regressive sedimentary cycles. The first cycle is attributed to the Lower Tar Member in which small planktonic foraminifera is quite common in the Campanian whereas the larger benthic foraminifera, namely, Omphalocyclus macroporus and Siderolites calcitrapoides are abundant in the Maastrichtian. The last occurrence of the latter two taxa, however, was used to delineate the contact between the Maastrichtian and Danian stages in the studied sequence. Up-sequence the sediments of the Upper Tar Member along with the overlying Had Member correspond to the second transgressive-regressive sedimentary cycle. Herein, the Upper Tar Member is enriched by small benthic foraminifera; Neoeponides duwi and Cibicides cf. libycus, and has been ascribed to the Danian (Lower Palaeocene). The reaming sediments of Zimam Formation, however, are belonging to the overlying Had Member and is tentatively ascribed to the Selandian (Upper Palaeocene) based on the last occurrence of the Danian fauna and the total range of the codiacean algae Ovulites morelleti.","PeriodicalId":11486,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79239978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Gate-Entry Stability in Multiple Seams Longwall Coal Mine Under Weak Rock Conditions 弱岩条件下多煤层长壁煤矿巷道稳定性三维分析

Earth Science Research Pub Date : 2020-01-30 DOI: 10.5539/esr.v9n1p72

Pisith Mao, H. Shimada, A. Hamanaka, Sugeng Wahyudi, Jiro Oya, Naung Naung

引用次数: 2

Petrographic Microscope Digital Image Processing Technique for Texture and Microstructure Interpretation of Earth Materials 岩石显微数字图像处理技术在地球材料纹理和微观结构解释中的应用

Earth Science Research Pub Date : 2020-01-30 DOI: 10.5539/esr.v9n1p58

Beatriz M. Dias, V. Velázquez, R. F. Lucena, J. M. A. Sobrinho

{"title":"Petrographic Microscope Digital Image Processing Technique for Texture and Microstructure Interpretation of Earth Materials","authors":"Beatriz M. Dias, V. Velázquez, R. F. Lucena, J. M. A. Sobrinho","doi":"10.5539/esr.v9n1p58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/esr.v9n1p58","url":null,"abstract":"The technique of description and characterization of rocks with the aid of a polarized light microscope is a well-established practice in the fields of mineralogy and petrology. However, because geological materials are inherently highly variable on a small scale, capturing good-quality images, particularly of the fine details present in the mineral grains that compose the rock, is the main difficulty encountered when a thin section is examined under a petrographic microscope. Combining petrographic concepts and digital image processing methods, the principal aim of this paper is to provide a practical approach to digital image treatment with specific software, and its immediate application in the micromorphological characterization of minerals. In addition to the basic calibration of color, brightness, and contrast, three different methods of digital image processing in the spatial domain, following the principles of embossed surface, negative image, and edge detection techniques, were applied to the images. The use of these primary filters was found to be efficient for detailed characterization of the mineralogical phases involved in the different types of microstructures. However, special care must be taken regarding the sensitivity and accuracy parameters to avoid the exclusion of information or the addition of noise to the image. Although research has focused on the distinction of several types of textural features in rock-forming minerals, these techniques can be employed in other areas of investigation, in both academic and industrial settings, to diagnose textures of microtectonic deformation, soil micromorphological features, the proportions of the original ingredients in concretes, and the mineralogical modal determination of ceramics of archeological origin and to characterize mineral raw materials for the manufacture of technological products.","PeriodicalId":11486,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80080090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Use of Topographic Map Evidence From Drainage Divides Surrounding Wyoming’s Great Divide Basin to Compare Two Fundamentally Different Regional Geomorphology Paradigms 利用怀俄明州大分水岭流域周围水系的地形图证据比较两种根本不同的区域地貌范式

Earth Science Research Pub Date : 2020-01-11 DOI: 10.5539/ESR.V9N1P45

E. Clausen

{"title":"Use of Topographic Map Evidence From Drainage Divides Surrounding Wyoming’s Great Divide Basin to Compare Two Fundamentally Different Regional Geomorphology Paradigms","authors":"E. Clausen","doi":"10.5539/ESR.V9N1P45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ESR.V9N1P45","url":null,"abstract":"Divide crossings (or low points or gaps) notched into the North American east-west continental divide segments completely encircling Wyoming’s Great Divide Basin interior drainage region (as observed on detailed topographic maps) are used to compare the commonly accepted regional geomorphology paradigm with a fundamentally different and new regional geomorphology paradigm. Paradigms are sets of rules governing how a scientific discipline conducts its research and are judged on their ability to explain observed evidence. Published literature is used to contrast an accepted paradigm interpretation that east-oriented drainage previously flowed across what is now the Great Divide Basin with the new paradigm basic requirement that mountain range and continental divide uplift occurred while immense south-oriented floods flowed across them. Numerous divide crossings are notched into the continental divide segments now completely encircling the relatively flat-floored Great Divide Basin interior drainage area and divide crossings observed along each of the Great Divide Basin’s north, east, south, and west margins are described and interpreted first from the accepted paradigm perspective (using published literature interpretations to the extent possible) and second from the new paradigm perspective. The published literature does not mention most of the described divide crossings, much less provide explanations for their origins, perhaps because the accepted paradigm cannot satisfactorily explain those origins. In contrast the new paradigm successfully explains most if not all of the described (and observed, but undescribed) divide crossings, although the new paradigm requires a completely different middle and late Cenozoic regional geologic history than what most published regional geology literature describes.","PeriodicalId":11486,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84522088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Assessment of Environmental Geochemistry of Lead-Zinc Mining at Ishiagu Area, Lower Benue Trough, Southeastern Nigeria 尼日利亚东南部下Benue海槽Ishiagu地区铅锌矿环境地球化学评价

Earth Science Research Pub Date : 2020-01-05 DOI: 10.5539/esr.v9n1p31

P. O. Odika, O. Anike, A. G. Onwuemesi, N. F. Odika, R. Ejeckam

{"title":"Assessment of Environmental Geochemistry of Lead-Zinc Mining at Ishiagu Area, Lower Benue Trough, Southeastern Nigeria","authors":"P. O. Odika, O. Anike, A. G. Onwuemesi, N. F. Odika, R. Ejeckam","doi":"10.5539/esr.v9n1p31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/esr.v9n1p31","url":null,"abstract":"Mining activities have long been recognized as a major source of environmental contamination associated with heavy metals and metalloids. This study evaluated the relationship between the occurrence and mining of lead-zinc sulphide ores at Ishiagu, Nigeria, and heavy metal and metalloid contamination. A comparative study of two zones in the area, with and without mining activities was also made Water, soil, stream sediment and ore samples were analyzed, after acid digestion, using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The concentration levels of seven heavy metals and a metalloid namely Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn, Co, Cd and as were evaluated. While the highest concentration levels of As, Co and Pb (5.20 mg/l, 0.54 mg/l and 3.40 mg/l respectively) were found in water, those of Ni and Mn (2.26 mg/l and 5.48 mg/l respectively) occurred in soil. For Cu and Zn, highest levels of concentration (2.80 mg/l and 0.41 mg/l respectively) occurred in stream sediments. The variations in the concentration levels of these elements in varying geologic media (soil, water and sediment) indicate influence of rock types, human activities and media physiochemical characteristics. Geostatistical analyses using QQPlot, semivariogram and kriging showed normal distribution of these elements. Distribution and dispersion patterns of the heavy metals indicated increase in concentration levels in the local stream flow direction. Pb, Cu, As, Cd, Mn, and Ni concentrations had reached pollutant levels in water based on WHO standards, while Zn level is below. Since the local people use untreated surface water and groundwater for drinking and other domestic purposes, soil for farming and lead for cosmetics, long term exposure poses significant health risk for humans, animals and plants.","PeriodicalId":11486,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82416736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Wetland River Flow Interaction in a Sedimentary Formation of the White Volta Basin of Ghana 加纳白沃尔特盆地沉积地层中湿地河流相互作用

Earth Science Research Pub Date : 2020-01-04 DOI: 10.5539/esr.v9n1p15

B. Nyarko

{"title":"Wetland River Flow Interaction in a Sedimentary Formation of the White Volta Basin of Ghana","authors":"B. Nyarko","doi":"10.5539/esr.v9n1p15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/esr.v9n1p15","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater resources in the floodplain wetlands of the White Volta River basin of Ghana is a major source of water for irrigation activities of communities living around and baseflow to sustain the flow of the river. Hydrology of the floodplain wetlands in the basin is complex, characterized by temporally variable storage volumes with erratic contribution to streamflow. For the continual usage of groundwater resources in the floodplains there is a need to study the form of interaction between the main river and floodplain wetlands. The study, adopted the PM-WIN (MODFLOW) model for simulating the interaction between the wetland and stream. Additionally, the lower boundary discharge output from the HYDRUS-1D model is the estimated recharge. This input quantifies the temporal and spatial variations in sub-surfaces discharges in the floodplain wetland. The simulation of the sub-surface hydraulic head of the wetland indicates a systematic variation relative to the White Volta River response to changes in the rainfall pattern. The interaction conditions vary from season to season with March, April, and May showing the least leakage (estimated values of 0.03 mm/day, 0.06 mm/day, and 0.15 mm/day, respectively) from the river into the floodplain wetland. Notably, the interaction between the wetland and the river as simulated is bidirectional. With most of the flow coming out from the river into the floodplain wetland, this condition persists in the months of August and September.","PeriodicalId":11486,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77143773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6