IF 13 1区医学

Drugs Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-024-02083-8

Benjamin J Cowling, George N Okoli

{"title":"Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness and Progress Towards a Universal Influenza Vaccine.","authors":"Benjamin J Cowling, George N Okoli","doi":"10.1007/s40265-024-02083-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40265-024-02083-8","url":null,"abstract":"At various times in recent decades, surges have occurred in optimism about the potential for universal influenza vaccines that provide strong, broad, and long-lasting protection and could substantially reduce the disease burden associated with seasonal influenza epidemics as well as the threat posed by pandemic influenza. Each year more than 500 million doses of seasonal influenza vaccine are administered around the world, with most doses being egg-grown inactivated subunit or split-virion vaccines. These vaccines tend to have moderate effectiveness against medically attended influenza for influenza A(H1N1) and influenza B, and somewhat lower for influenza A(H3N2) where differences between vaccine strains and circulating strains can occur more frequently due to antigenic drift and egg adaptations in the vaccine strains. Several enhanced influenza vaccine platforms have been developed including cell-grown antigen, the inclusion of adjuvants, or higher antigen doses, to improve immunogenicity and protection. During the COVID-19 pandemic there was unprecedented speed in development and roll-out of relatively new vaccine platforms, including mRNA vaccines and viral vector vaccines. These new platforms present opportunities to improve protection for influenza beyond existing products. Other approaches continue to be explored. Incremental improvements in influenza vaccine performance should be achievable in the short to medium term.","PeriodicalId":11482,"journal":{"name":"Drugs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142016676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ensifentrine: First Approval. 安眠酮首次批准。

IF 13 1区医学

Drugs Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-024-02081-w

Susan J Keam

引用次数: 0

Drug-Induced Pigmentation: A Review. 药物诱发的色素沉着：综述。

IF 13 1区医学

Drugs Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-024-02062-z

Aaron Tisack, Tasneem F Mohammad

{"title":"Drug-Induced Pigmentation: A Review.","authors":"Aaron Tisack, Tasneem F Mohammad","doi":"10.1007/s40265-024-02062-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40265-024-02062-z","url":null,"abstract":"Drug-induced pigmentation (DIP) is estimated to account for 20% of all cases of acquired hyperpigmentation. Over 50 agents have been implicated, including antibiotics, antimalarials, antiretrovirals, antipsychotics, prostaglandin analogs, heavy metals, and chemotherapeutic agents. The skin, mucosal surfaces, nails, and hair can all be affected, with the color, distribution, onset, and duration of pigmentation varying between offending agents. Both a thorough physical examination and medication history are necessary to determine the offending agent. In terms of mechanism, DIP occurs most frequently through the accumulation of melanin within the dermis but also by drug accumulation, pigment synthesis, and iron deposition. Photoprotection, including applying a broad-spectrum sunscreen, wearing photoprotective clothing, and seeking shade, plays an important role in the prevention of exacerbation of DIP. Multiple lasers, including the picosecond alexandrite, Q-switched Nd:YAG, Q-switched alexandrite, and Q-switched ruby lasers, have been successful in obtaining clearance of DIP. In this review, we examine the unique characteristics of each of the inciting agents in terms of incidence, clinical presentation, time to onset and resolution, and pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":11482,"journal":{"name":"Drugs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141859275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bone Fragility in Diabetes and its Management: A Narrative Review. 糖尿病患者骨质脆弱及其管理：叙述性综述。

IF 13 1区医学

Drugs Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-024-02078-5

David Suphadetch Leungsuwan, Manju Chandran

引用次数: 0

Combination of PARP Inhibitors and Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibitors in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. PARP 抑制剂与雄激素受体通路抑制剂联合用于转移性抗药性前列腺癌。

IF 13 1区医学

Drugs Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-024-02071-y

Louise Kostos, Ben Tran, Arun A Azad

{"title":"Combination of PARP Inhibitors and Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibitors in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Louise Kostos, Ben Tran, Arun A Azad","doi":"10.1007/s40265-024-02071-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40265-024-02071-y","url":null,"abstract":"Despite recent advances in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer, progression to a castration-resistant state remains inevitable for most and prognosis is limited. Genetic testing for homologous recombination repair pathway alterations is recommended for all patients with advanced prostate cancer given that a mutation is present in up to 25% of cases. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARPis) are now approved for use in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who have progressed on an androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI) and harbour a germline or somatic homologous recombination repair mutation. Preclinical data support a synergistic effect with an ARPI and PARPi, and various ARPI-PARPi combinations have therefore been explored in phase III clinical trials. Despite heterogeneous findings, a clear hierarchy of benefit is evident, with patients harbouring a BRCA mutation deriving the greatest magnitude of benefit, followed by any homologous recombination repair mutation. The benefit in homologous recombination repair-proficient cohort is less clear, and questions remain about whether ARPI-PARPi combination therapy should be offered to patients without a homologous recombination repair mutation. With ARPIs now considered standard-of-care for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, ARPI-PARPi combination therapy is currently being explored earlier in the treatment paradigm. The purpose of this review is to discuss the rationale behind ARPI-PARPi combination therapy, summarise the results of key clinical trials, and discuss clinical considerations and future perspectives.","PeriodicalId":11482,"journal":{"name":"Drugs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141765779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Therapeutic Potential of FXI Inhibitors: Hype or Hope? FXI 抑制剂的治疗潜力：炒作还是希望？

IF 13 1区医学

Drugs Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-024-02049-w

Mattia Galli, Giovanni Occhipinti, Luis Ortega-Paz, Francesco Franchi, Fabiana Rollini, Salvatore Brugaletta, Davide Capodanno, Sebastiano Sciarretta, Dominick J Angiolillo

{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of FXI Inhibitors: Hype or Hope?","authors":"Mattia Galli, Giovanni Occhipinti, Luis Ortega-Paz, Francesco Franchi, Fabiana Rollini, Salvatore Brugaletta, Davide Capodanno, Sebastiano Sciarretta, Dominick J Angiolillo","doi":"10.1007/s40265-024-02049-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40265-024-02049-w","url":null,"abstract":"Significant advancements have shaped the landscape of anticoagulant therapy in the past two decades, including the introduction of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), characterized by favorable safety and efficacy profiles and reduced drug-to-drug or food interaction resulting in excellent patient compliance. However, residual concerns still exist with standard-of-care anticoagulant therapy, including the inability to use DOACs in several clinical settings and the need to further reduce the risk of bleeding. Recent improvements in the understanding of the mechanisms behind thrombus formation have led to the awareness that the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade may play an important role in pathological thrombosis, but not in hemostasis. This has represented the rationale for targeting this pathway with factor XI (FXI) inhibitors, with the aim of uncoupling hemostasis and thrombosis. Clinical evidence from patients with FXI deficiency further supports this concept. A number of compounds with different mechanisms of action have been developed to target FXI (i.e., asundexian, abelacimab, Ionis-FXIRx, milvexian, osocimab, and Xisomab 3G). To date, the majority of available trials have not gone beyond completion of phase 2 and results are conflictive making it difficult to appraise the clinical benefit of these compounds in the different clinical settings where they have been tested (i.e., atrial fibrillation, acute ischemic stroke, acute myocardial infarction, end-stage renal disease, total knee arthroplasty). Moreover, the largest phase 3 randomized trial designed to test the efficacy of asundexian over apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation, the OCEANIC-AF, has been prematurely stopped as a result of the inferior efficacy of asundexian. In this review we discuss the pharmacological properties and available evidence generated thus far for factor XI inhibitors, providing a perspective on the current state of these drugs.","PeriodicalId":11482,"journal":{"name":"Drugs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Elafibranor: First Approval. 伊拉布拉诺：首次批准。

IF 13 1区医学

Drugs Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-024-02075-8

Hannah A Blair

引用次数: 0

RET Inhibitors in RET Fusion-Positive Lung Cancers: Past, Present, and Future. RET 抑制剂在 RET 融合阳性肺癌中的应用：过去、现在和未来。

IF 13 1区医学

Drugs Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-024-02040-5

Monica F Chen, Matteo Repetto, Clare Wilhelm, Alexander Drilon

{"title":"RET Inhibitors in RET Fusion-Positive Lung Cancers: Past, Present, and Future.","authors":"Monica F Chen, Matteo Repetto, Clare Wilhelm, Alexander Drilon","doi":"10.1007/s40265-024-02040-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40265-024-02040-5","url":null,"abstract":"While activating RET fusions are identified in various cancers, lung cancer represents the most common RET fusion-positive tumor. The clinical drug development of RET inhibitors in RET fusion-positive lung cancers naturally began after RET fusions were first identified in patient tumor samples in 2011, and thereafter paralleled drug development in RET fusion-positive thyroid cancers. Multikinase inhibitors were initially tested with limited efficacy and substantial toxicity. RET inhibitors were then designed with improved selectivity, central nervous system penetrance, and activity against RET fusions and most RET mutations, including resistance mutations. Owing their success to these rationally designed features, the first-generation selective RET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) had higher response rates, more durable disease control, and an improved safety profile compared to the multikinase inhibitors. This led to lung and thyroid cancer, and later tumor-agnostic regulatory approvals. While next-generation RET TKIs were designed to abrogate uncommon on-target (e.g., solvent front mutation) resistance to selpercatinib and pralsetinib, many of these drugs lacked the selectivity of the first-generation TKIs, raising the question of what the future holds for drug development in RET-dependent cancers.","PeriodicalId":11482,"journal":{"name":"Drugs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141598920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmacotherapy as an Augmentation to Bariatric Surgery for Obesity. 药物疗法作为肥胖症减肥手术的辅助手段。

IF 13 1区医学

Drugs Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-06 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-024-02029-0

Luděk Horváth, Miloš Mráz, Edward B Jude, Martin Haluzík

{"title":"Pharmacotherapy as an Augmentation to Bariatric Surgery for Obesity.","authors":"Luděk Horváth, Miloš Mráz, Edward B Jude, Martin Haluzík","doi":"10.1007/s40265-024-02029-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40265-024-02029-0","url":null,"abstract":"A global obesity pandemic is one of the most significant health threats worldwide owing to its close association with numerous comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, heart failure, cancer and many others. Obesity and its comorbidities lead to a higher rate of cardiovascular complications, heart failure and increased cardiovascular and overall mortality. Bariatric surgery is at present the most potent therapy for obesity, inducing a significant weight loss in the majority of patients. In the long-term, a substantial proportion of patients after bariatric surgery experience a gradual weight regain that may, in some, reach up to a presurgical body weight. As a result, anti-obesity pharmacotherapy may be needed in some patients after bariatric surgery to prevent the weight regain or to further potentiate weight loss. This article provides an overview of the use of anti-obesity medications as an augmentation to bariatric surgery for obesity. Despite relatively limited published data, it can be concluded that anti-obesity medication can serve as an effective adjunct therapy to bariatric surgery to help boost post-bariatric weight loss or prevent weight regain.","PeriodicalId":11482,"journal":{"name":"Drugs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11343883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141544638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevention of Rheumatoid Arthritis in At-Risk Individuals: Current Status and Future Prospects. 高危人群类风湿性关节炎的预防：现状与前景

IF 13 1区医学

Drugs Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-024-02061-0

Task Toyoda, Kulveer Mankia

{"title":"Prevention of Rheumatoid Arthritis in At-Risk Individuals: Current Status and Future Prospects.","authors":"Task Toyoda, Kulveer Mankia","doi":"10.1007/s40265-024-02061-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40265-024-02061-0","url":null,"abstract":"Early intervention has been the cornerstone of improving outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Over the past decade, the boundaries have been pushed in an attempt to achieve effective prevention strategies in those who are at high risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis. Core risk factors including the presence of serum anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, arthralgia and subclinical inflammation on imaging are highly predictive of arthritis development. The influence of air pollution, diet and the role of microbiome on disease progression are less clear. In turn, therapeutic focus has shifted to an earlier pre-arthritis phase of the disease continuum where the clinically apparent arthritis may potentially be intercepted. Seven proof-of-concept interventional trials in at-risk individuals have been conducted so far. Whether true prevention of rheumatoid arthritis is possible remains elusive. Promising signals towards permanent disease modulation and improvement in symptom burden were seen with some immunomodulatory therapies, whilst others were unsuccessful. Long-term follow-up is required to ascertain a true effect. Looking forward, a better understanding of the natural history and underlying biological mechanisms of arthritis development and more accurate, validated risk stratification is needed.","PeriodicalId":11482,"journal":{"name":"Drugs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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