{"title":"The Rise of the Value-Added Tax","authors":"Pierre-Pascal Gendron","doi":"10.1080/20488432.2016.1210846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20488432.2016.1210846","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114680,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of VAT/GST Law","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114547413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Case C-520/14, ECLI:EU:C:2016:334 – Gemeente Borsele; C-263/15, ECLI:EU:C:2016:392 – Lajvér; C-11/15, ECLI:EU:C:2016:470 – Český rozhlas on the concept of consideration for the supply of services and on the concept of economic activity by public bodies and entities receiving public funding","authors":"R. Ismer","doi":"10.1080/20488432.2016.1236532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20488432.2016.1236532","url":null,"abstract":"Three recent judgments by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), which followed references for a preliminary ruling according to Article 267 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), deal with the consideration for a supply of services under Article 2(c) of the VAT Directive. Two of the cases also discuss the concept of economic activity in the sense of Article 9 of the VAT Directive. In Gemeente Borsele, which is the most remarkable of the three cases, the Court had to decide on a local community which organises public transportation of pupils to school. It held that the municipality provided a supply of services when it passed on a share of the costs from contracts with private transportation companies to some of the parents. That said, the Court found that the municipality did not necessarily carry out an economic activity. In Lajvér, the Court decided that where an entity receives public funding, comparatively small sums of money may constitute a consideration for a supply of services in the sense of Article 2(c) VAT Directive. By contrast, in Český rozhlas, the Court found that this was not the case for mandatory licence fees for public broadcasting.","PeriodicalId":114680,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of VAT/GST Law","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124424514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Full deduction of input VAT where goods are sold for a price lower than the cost price","authors":"E. Kristoffersson","doi":"10.1080/20488432.2016.1215882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20488432.2016.1215882","url":null,"abstract":"In its case Gemeente Woerden11 C-267/15 Gemeente Woerden ECLI:EU:C:2016:466. of 22 June 2016, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) decided that there should be a full deduction on the ...","PeriodicalId":114680,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of VAT/GST Law","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133491357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of the ‘Rationality Test’ in attributing supplies of service to fixed establishments – A critical approach to Case C-605/12 (Welmory)","authors":"A. Parolini, Andrea Rottoli","doi":"10.1080/20488432.2016.1162510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20488432.2016.1162510","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of fixed establishment in the VAT common system finds its roots in the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union (hereinafter as ‘CJEU’).11 The abbreviation ‘CJEU’ is ...","PeriodicalId":114680,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of VAT/GST Law","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128196913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sveda—The increasing obscurity of the direct link test in EU VAT","authors":"Oskar Henkow","doi":"10.1080/20488432.2016.1155821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20488432.2016.1155821","url":null,"abstract":"On 22 October 2015, the Court ruled in the latest of its cases concerning whether VAT on acquisitions is sufficiently linked to the business to be deductible. In EU VAT terminology, the question wa...","PeriodicalId":114680,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of VAT/GST Law","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115159067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Limitations on the right to credit input tax1","authors":"R. Millar","doi":"10.1080/20488432.2016.1155349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20488432.2016.1155349","url":null,"abstract":"This case note discusses a recent decision handed down by the Full Court of the Federal Court of Australia on the deductibility of input tax under Australia’s goods and services tax (GST), a credit-invoice method VAT. The case dealt with input tax incurred in the course of providing subsidised accommodation to mine workers and service providers in towns established in remote areas of North Western Australia, where members of the Rio Tinto group conduct mining activities.The input tax in question related to the construction and purchase of new residential housing, and the repair, maintenance, and servicing of existing residences. Under the Australian GST, leasing residential property is ‘input taxed’ (exempt without a right to credit related input tax) but the taxpayer argued that the input tax should nonetheless be creditable because the ultimate purpose of incurring the input tax and providing the residential accommodation was to enable the companies to carry out their fully taxable and ‘GST-free’ (zero-rated) mining activities.As well as discussing the arguments and outcome of the case, the case note compares the Australian decision with a recent CJEU decision on the right to deduct input tax under the European VAT Directive (Case C-126/14 UAB ‘Sveda’, decided on 22 October 2015).","PeriodicalId":114680,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of VAT/GST Law","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124928104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Soft law and EU VAT: From informal to inclusive governance?","authors":"Marie Lamensch","doi":"10.1080/20488432.2016.1168214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20488432.2016.1168214","url":null,"abstract":"Soft law has for decades played a role in the largely non-harmonized area of EU direct taxation. It more recently appeared in the harmonised area of EU VAT, with the emergence of the VAT Committee guidelines (published since 2012), the adoption of “explanatory notes” by the Commission (for the first time in 2014), and the opinions of the VAT Expert Group (since 2014). Beyond the EU borders, International VAT/GST guidelines are now also being developed under the auspices of the OECD, substantial parts of which have been endorsed by more than 100 states in 2014 and 2015. The objective of this paper is to analyse and assess these four instruments, and to open a discussion on the negative and positive uses that can be made of soft law in an EU harmonised area. The conclusion that we draw from this assessment is that the VAT Committee guidelines and the Commission explanatory notes open the way to “informal governance” in the area of VAT (considered as rather negative) while the VAT Expert Group opinions open the way to an “inclusive” type of governance in this field (considered as very positive).","PeriodicalId":114680,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of VAT/GST Law","volume":"382 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122722088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"VAT and forfeited advance payments: Where does the law stand following Air France-KLM?","authors":"S. Dale","doi":"10.1080/20488432.2016.1161937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20488432.2016.1161937","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114680,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of VAT/GST Law","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122808314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interpretation methods of the CJEU and the meaning of the principle of fiscal neutrality: a commentary on the Case C-366/12 Klinikum Dortmund","authors":"Terence Tervoort","doi":"10.1080/20488432.2015.1072418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20488432.2015.1072418","url":null,"abstract":"The CJEU constitutes the essential institution in interpreting the European VAT Directive. Recently, in the Case C-366/12 Klinikum Dortmund, the Court had to decide on how to interpret the VAT exemptions of hospital and medical care and closely related activities due to Article 132 (1) (b) as well as the provision of medical care in the exercise of the medical and paramedical professions based on Article 132 (1) (c) of the VAT Directive. The present paper focuses on the literal and the purposive interpretation method applied by the Court and, based on a case-law study, finds that the literal method does not necessarily lead to a restriction and, in the same manner, that the purposive approach does not automatically implies an extension of VAT exemptions. As one argument of the plaintiff concerned the principle of fiscal neutrality, which represents the general principle of equal treatment in the VAT Directive, this principle is, again, investigated on a case-law basis, which will disclose the limited impact of the principle of fiscal neutrality and, what is more, will lead to the conclusion that the relation between the EU Treaty and the VAT Directive is not free of discrepancies.","PeriodicalId":114680,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of VAT/GST Law","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122387258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}