Ecology and Noospherology最新文献

{"title":"Self-renewal of tree plants in the conditions of the ecotope of the forest park of the Friendship of the city of Dnipro","authors":"M. Shamray, O. Pakhomov","doi":"10.15421/032207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032207","url":null,"abstract":"Every year the role of parks in large industrial cities becomes more relevant. The consequences of anthropogenic impact are extremely powerful and diverse. Moreover, nature is trying to restore a clean ecological space on its own, so parks in cities are the driving force in the struggle for survival. The green lungs of the city create a qualitatively better climate, give the opportunity to rest, recuperate, give a feeling of peace, aesthetic pleasure and not only from the local flora, but also from unusual plants that inspire and cheer up, which is important for today's rapid pace of life. Therefore, the issue of aboriginal and introduced flora of parks will remain relevant. The species composition of seed self-regeneration of woody plants in trial areas 1, 2, 3 of the Druzhby Forest Park of Dnipro was analyzed in order to determine the ratio of introduced and autochthonous species and whether introduced species pose a threat to aboriginal flora. It has been investigated whether the distribution of introduced species contributes to the process of biotic homogenization using the Pearson correlation coefficient, the Jacquard index between indigenous species and introduced species. As a result of the research it was established that in the Druzhby Forest Park artificial stands are capable of forming a sufficient number of viable undergrowth of autochthonous and introduced species, of which aboriginal species dominate mostly. The ratio of indigenous species to introduced in Trial Areas 2, 3 is 66.5–65.5% and 33.5–34.5%, respectively. There is no competition between autochthonous and introduced species in these trial areas. Each tree species has adapted well to the conditions of the ecotope and to the conditions of its place of growth. Bioecological features of wood species in the plantations are not an obstacle to the development of the internal space of the ecotope. However, in Trial Area 1, competition was found between indigenous and introduced species, where introduced species make up 80.3% of the total number of restored woody plants. Therefore, longer-term monitoring and measures to curb the spread of introduced species is needed.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90886933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of leaf damage degree in Aesculus hippocastanum L. during the growing season in the conditions of Dnipro city","authors":"O. Seliutina, K. Holoborodko, O. Pakhomov, A. Dubyna","doi":"10.15421/032114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032114","url":null,"abstract":"One of the unique indicators of environmental pollution is Aesculus hippocastanum Linnaeus, 1753, distributed in different ecological conditions of most European cities in both the southern and northern temperate zones. For a long time bitter chestnut belonged to the number of highly resistant wood species. But in the last two decades, the condition of bitter chestnut plantations has deteriorated significantly due to the impact of adverse abiotic environmental factors (due to global climate change and increasing man-made load), and due to mass reproduction of phytophagous and phytopathogenic. A. hippocastanum especially suffers from chestnut miner (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimič, 1986), for which it is the main forage plant. The aim of our study was to assess the degree of damage to the leaf surface of Aesculus hippocastanum L. during the growing season in the Dnipro. Analysis of damage to the leaf blades of the forage plant C. ohridella was performed for four years (2018–2021) visually on a modified scale proposed by M. D. Zerova et al. (2007). The research covered eight main park urban ecosystems of the Dnipro. Four stable generations of C. ohridella were established in the city of Dnipro. The development period of one separate generation of chestnut miner lasts from 65 to 110 days. The beginning of the flight of adults of the first generation occurs at the end of April and the beginning of May. Monitoring was carried out during three summer months, which corresponds to the main feeding period of the three most active generations of C. ohridella (I, II and III). A. hippocastanum leaf blades have been found to be damaged differently in different park urban ecosystems. The highest percentage of damage in all park areas is observed in August, when three generations were almost completely fed. A significant dependence of the area of affected leaves of bitter chestnut common invasive C. ohridella on the period of the growing season was found. According to our research, in all eight test plots, which corresponded to the main area and functional load of the green areas of the Dnipro, during the summer there is an increase in the area affected by the miner leaf in chestnuts. During the four years of observations (2018-2021), in the city of Dnipro, this generalized indicator ranged from 32% in June to 65% in August. This increase can be explained by the increase in the number of mines, due to the gradual emergence of the second and third generations of C. ohridella, each of which is more numerous than the previous one","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75451417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of artificial forest plantations on dielectric constant and electrophysical parameters of southern chernozems","authors":"V. Gorban","doi":"10.15421/032113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032113","url":null,"abstract":"The peculiarities of the influence of Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Quercus robur L. forest plantations on dielectric constant and electrophysical indicators (specific electrical conductivity, mineralization and salinity) of chernozems of the southern steppe zone of Ukraine are considered. Samples for the study were taken near the city of Zelenodolsk (Kryvyi Rih district of Dnipropetrovsk region) on 3 test plots with soil sections. Determination of electrophysical parameters (specific conductivity, mineralization and salinity) was performed using a conductometer-salt meter-thermometer Ezodo-7021, which measured these indicators in the soil extract (in the ratio of 1 part soil to 5 parts distilled water). Determination of the dielectric constant of soils was performed using a digital capacity meter CM-9601A with simultaneous determination of the density of the soil sample. As a result, it was found that among the upper horizons of the studied soils, the highest value of dielectric constant is zonal southern chernozem, and the smallest – southern chernozem under the planting of Q. robur. This may indicate an improvement in the structural and aggregate state of the southern chernozem under the influence of forest plantations. The upper horizons of the zonal southern chernozem and the southern chernozem under the planting of R. pseudoacacia do not differ significantly in terms of electrophysical parameters. The upper horizon of the southern chernozem under Q. robur is characterized by increased values ​​of specific conductivity, mineralization and salinity compared to the upper horizons of other studied soils. This may indicate a certain increase in water-soluble salts in the upper horizon of southern chernozem under Q. robur compared to the upper horizons of zonal southern chernozem and southern chernozem under R. pseudoacacia. The obtained conclusions coincide with the results of the study of the influence of forest plantations on the dielectric constant and electrophysical parameters of ordinary chernozems.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81909783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological parameters of stomata and the content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves of common reed (Рhragmites australis (Сav.) Trin. еx Steud.) under the influence of mines in the Kryvyi Rih city","authors":"A. Alexeyeva, O. Marenkov, I. V. Holub","doi":"10.15421/032115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032115","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of anthropogenic activity on the biosphere is growing every year. Aquatic ecosystems are a component of the natural environment very sensitive to anthropogenic impact. Therefore, the study of the mechanisms of resistance of aquatic organisms, including macrophytes, to pollution of water bodies is becoming increasingly important. In order to study the impact of the mining industry on higher aquatic vegetation, we determined the size and number of stoma and the content and ratio of chlorophylls in the leaves of common reeds (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Ex Steud.) from different parts of the Saksagan River; return (rain and melt) water, in the place of release of return (rain and melt) water and below the release of return (rain and melt) water near the mine «Ternivska». The number and size of the closing cells of the stoma were determined on the prints of the epidermis on the abaxial side of the leaves of plants, which were examined under a microscope «Ulab XY-B2TLED» at a magnification of 20 and photographed with a digital camera «Sciencelab T500 5/17M» connected to it. The content of chlorophyll (Chl а, Chl b and total chlorophyll) was determined by the method of Wintermans J. F. G. M., De Mots A. (1965) in ethanolic extracts of reed leaves using a spectrophotometer «Ulab 102 Spectrophotomet». Mathematical processing of the results was performed by the variational-statistical method. All calculations were performed using the software package Statistica 6.0. It was found that the stoma on the abaxial side of common reed leaves from areas in place and below the release of return (rain and melt) water differ significantly in morphometric parameters from the stoma of plants from the area above the release of return (rain and melt) water. There was an increase in the density of stoma per unit area of the leaf in the leaves from the study areas with a greater impact of the activity of the mine «Ternivska». Changes in the content of chlorophyll and the ratio of chlorophyll forms (Chl a/Chl b) in the leaves of P. australis depending on the conditions of influence of the mine activity «Ternivska» were recorded. Changes in some indicators of the anatomical structure of leaves in the direction of xeromorphism and rearrangement of the photosynthetic apparatus in urban conditions can be considered as an adaptive response of common reed to environmental pollution.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76708438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Λ-cyhalothrin causes oxidative stress accompanied by reduced glutathione alteration and modulation of regulatory protein p53 expression in the fish brain","authors":"V. Gasso, V. Nedzvetsky, R. Novitskyi, S. Yermolenko","doi":"10.15421/032112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032112","url":null,"abstract":"The synthetic pyrethroid of systemic insecticidal and acaricidal action, λ-cyhalothrin, is characterized by typical axonal excitotoxicity. Currently, it is widely used in agriculture worldwide. In fish, it negatively affects the functional characteristics of the nervous system, causes motorial paralysis, and increases mortality. The concentrations of λ-cyhalothrin for the experiment were determined at a rate of 5% and 10% of LC50, which are 271 ng/L and 542 ng/L, respectively. Λ-cyhalothrin causes oxidative damage in the brain cells of the rainbow trout and, probably, irreversible disturbances in brain cells. The content of reduced glutathione in the fish brain treated by low doses of λ-cyhalothrin was significantly lower than in the control fish. It may indicate the breakdown of this part of antioxidant protection. One of the universal and multifunctional regulatory proteins, which plays a vital role in most cell types is the p53 protein that supports cell viability through a wide range of signalling pathways. Changes in the p53 protein expression are determined in fish of all experimental groups. Moreover, less significant suppression of its expression is found in fish that have been treated by a dose of 5% LC for 28 days. Unlike the 5% LC50, the dose of 10% LC50 induces a critical decrease in the p53 protein content after both 4 and 28 days of insecticide exposure. Detected changes in the reduced glutathione content and p53 protein expression in the fish brain are associated with the oxidative stress generation caused by low sublethal doses of λ-cyhalothrin. A significant decrease in the p53 protein content in the fish brain under the impact of the low doses of the synthetic pyrethroid can indicate irreversible disturbance of this protein functioning. The inhibition of protein p53 expression may be an adequate biomarker of the nervous cell adaptation to the toxic effect of synthetic pyrethroids in the fish brain.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90268692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of Fulica atra nesting on reservoirs with significant recreational load in the city of Kharkiv","authors":"T. Yarmak","doi":"10.15421/032116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032116","url":null,"abstract":"One of the tasks of modern ecology is to study the formation and sustainability of ecosystems in urbanized areas. The study of species that have a wide ecological plasticity and successfully adapt to the conditions of the anthropogenic landscape is important for a qualitative assessment of the city's avifauna and the current state of the species population. Fulica atra L. is one of the types of wetlands that has adapted to life under conditions of significant anthropogenic pressure. The studies were conducted from March to October 2021. The features of the placement of coot nests in areas with significant anthropogenic pressure have been analyzed. The coordinates of the nests found are plotted on the map. It was investigated that in urban conditions the coot prefers closed reservoirs with a large amount of coastal vegetation, and nests on the river were found singly. Nests are usually built on the folds of last year's plants, but there were also atypical nesting sites. The distance between the nests on the lake was 77.37 ± 40.38 m. The average size of the nest (n = 8): D = 39 cm, d = 24 cm, h = 15.5 cm. The dates of the appearance of the first clutches on Lake Kvituchem and on the Kharkiv River are in the third decade of April, and the last ones on the lake are in the third decade of May, and on the river - in the first decade of July. The average clutch size on Lake Kvituchem in 2021 was 7.81 ± 1.66 eggs. The morphometric parameters of the eggs were determined, their average size was 53.65 ± 2.1 x 36.86 ± 1.7 mm, the average weight was 36.09 ± 3.13 g. The success of hatching chicks in reservoirs with a significant recreational load has been investigated. The first chicks will appear on May 10-13. The features of the behavior of the gloss in relation to a person along with the nest during the setting of eggs were investigated. It was noted that the gloss reacts rather calmly to the constant presence of people on the territory of the nesting territory, but, during the incubation of eggs, it rather aggressively protects its nest. The results presented in the article deserve further monitoring.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83148782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To the reproduction biology of the Wryneck (Jynx torquilla Linnaeus, 1758) in artificial nests in Northeastern Ukraine","authors":"O. Yarys","doi":"10.15421/032110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032110","url":null,"abstract":"In many countries, the Jynx torquilla population has declined significantly. In Ukraine, the species is considered widespread, but remains poorly studied. Activities to attract birds to parks using artificial nests were carried out during 2004‒2021 in Northeastern Ukraine. The first time the J. torquilla was populated in artificial nests dates back to 2009. During 2019‒2021 4 cases of J. torquilla nesting in artificial nests were recorded. Among the studied territories, the population of J. torquilla in artificial nests was found in the territory of the regional landscape park (RLP) «Feldman Ecopark», NPP «Gomilshansky forests» near the village. Gaidary in Kharkov and the tract «Vakalovschina» near the village Vakalovschina in Sumy regions. In the Northeastern of Ukraine, the number of J. torquilla reaches 14,3±0,32 pairs/km2 in the oak forests of the NPP «Gomilshansky forests» near the village Gaidary, 7,2±0,14 pairs/km2 in the pine forests of the park near the village Zadonetske, 16,2±0,14 pairs/km2 in the «Vakalovschina» tract, 11,1±0,24 pairs/km2 in RLP «Feldman Ecopark». J. torquilla, as a typical hollow-hole, is able to inhabit artificial nests. On average, during 2004–2021, the arrival of the first individuals in the spring was recorded: 21.04 at an average daily temperature of 18° C in the oak grove of the NPP «Gomilshansky forests», 23.04 at a temperature of 17° C in the tract «Vakalovschina», on the territory RLP «Feldman Ecopark» ‒ 02.05 at a temperature of 17° C, 2020 is 05.05 at a temperature of 20° С. It has been proven that 12 days pass from the moment of arrival of birds to the laying of the first egg. The first eggs of birds in the conditions of Northeastern Ukraine, on average, for all years of research, were registered 02.05 in the oak grove of the NPP «Gomilshansky forestsп», 04.05 in the tract «Vakalovschina». On the territory of RLP «Feldman Ecopark» in 2019, the first egg was laid at 14.05 on the material of the nest of the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis (Temm., 1815); in 2020 ‒ 19.05. Average clutch size 8,3±0,5 (from 7 to 9). Egg sizes: length – 20,2±0,2 mm, width ‒ 15,1±0,1 mm, volume ‒ 1.4±0.1 mmᶾ, roundness index ‒ 74.7±0.3 %. On average, incubation lasts 13±0,2 days. On the territory of the NPP «Gomilshansky forests» near the village. Gaidary, chicks hatched at 14.05; in the tract «Vakalovschina» on 16.05, on the territory of the RLP «Feldman Ecopark» in 2019 the chicks hatched on 26.05, in 2020 ‒ 01.06. The hatching success was found to be 96,9 % (n=30), where the breeding success is 91,0 %.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90740621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of ultraviolet radiation on aquatic plants in conditions of low lighting","authors":"O. Shugurov, G. Oliynik","doi":"10.15421/032103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032103","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of ultraviolet radiation (UV-r) on aquatic vegetation in conditions of general insufficient illumination was studied in laboratory conditions. In the studies such species of aquatic vegetation were used – submerged hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum), thai fern (Microsorium pteropus), and globular cladophore (Aegagropila linnaei). The studies were carried out simultaneously in 3 aquariums, 3 liters each, with five iterations. For each of the experiments, the containers with water were covered with black paper on all sides, and 3 plants of each species were placed. Low-power LEDs were installed above the water surface of each aquarium. 2 white LEDs of the FYL-3014SRC brand (each with a power of 0.06 W at a luminous intensity of 600 mcd) were used for control experiments. In other versions of experiments with irradiation, we used – 2 white and 2 UV-diodes (similar power), and 2 white diodes together with 6 UV-diodes. Every week during the experiment, the morphometric parameters (weight, leaf area, length) and color of vegetation were measured during a 30-day continuous exposure from the sources described above. At the end of the experiment, it was found that with a general low power of white illumination, the presence of additional UV-r can have a multidirectional effect on vegetation that lives at different levels of the water system. Thus, UV irradiation negatively affects rootless plants of the upper layers of aquatic systems (Ceratophyllum demersum), probably due to known disturbances in the their photosynthetic apparatus. UV-r led to a decrease in the mass and leaf area of such plants (by 80–90 %), a change in their color, disruption of their vital activity, the development of tissue decay processes and even death by the end of the experiment. On root plants (Microsorium pteropus) with arrow-shaped leaves pointing upwards, additional UV-r can support the light balance and to some extent compensate (by 10–15 %) the overall decline in the level of their development (by 60–75 %). Bottom vegetation (Aegagropila sauterii), living at a depth of up to 5 m, is able to fully compensate for the lack of natural illumination by UV irradiation. UV-r penetrates the water column and after re-radiation on elements of aqueous solution penentrates to a considerable depth in the form of longer waves, and then used of plants with a general increase in the measured parameters by 5–20 %. This article concludes that the final effect on aquatic plants is formed by the depth of their habitat and the total intensity of light falling on the surface of the aquatic system. At the same time, under conditions of a lack of light, UV-r can act negatively on plants that are located close to the surface of the water, and at the same time positively as an additional source of energy – on benthic plants.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84029312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the influence of heavy metals on the degree of damage Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimič, 1986 leaf surface of Aesculus hippocastanum Linnaeus, 1753","authors":"O. Seliutina, K. Holoborodko","doi":"10.15421/032104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032104","url":null,"abstract":"The work presents the results of research on effect of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) on degree of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum Linnaeus, 1753) leaf surface damage by chestnut miner (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimič, 1986) caterpillars. Analysis of leaf blade damage of the forage plant species by C. ohridella was conducted for four years (2017–2021). The research covered all the main park urban ecosystems in Dnipro city where horse chestnut trees were planted. Monitoring was carried out during the three summer months, which corresponds to the main feeding period of the three most active C. ohridella generations (I, II, and III). About 96 samples were used and prepared for atomic absorption analysis to study the content of heavy metals in A. hippocastanum leaf blades. On the territory of the park ecosystems in Dnipro city, eight groups of model horse chestnut trees of 20–30 years of age were identified which have similar morphological and taxonomic features but different degrees of leaf damage by C. ohridella miner. Since the plantations of horse chestnut are mainly located in an urban environment, we conducted research to test the hypothesis about the influence of heavy metals on C. ohridella vital activity. Presumably, the content of heavy metals also affects the degree of leaf blade damage. In this regard, we conducted research on the content of heavy metals in A. hippocastanum leaf tissues. It was found that accumulation in the horse chestnut leaf tissues of four basic heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) contained in all urban environments depends on the orographic features of the area where A. hippocastanum trees grow. It also was found that the higher in relief were located the horse chestnut plantings, the greater the percentage of their invasion by the miner, and this trend was observed during the three summer months. For example, in the Manuylivsky Park where horse chestnut trees are located at 56 m above sea level, the average leaf invasion by the miner in August is 14%; in the same month in Oles Honchar Dnipro National University Botanical Garden (149 m), the level of invasion was 78%. Research on the effects of heavy metals on C. ohridella populations also showed significant differences by the types of urban ecosystems. It was found that the higher content of heavy metals in the leaf tissues in a forage plant, the greater percentage of their surface damage by mines.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73294972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indices of the DNA repair system in the brain of fish as a biomarker of inorganic mercury burden","authors":"V. Nedzvetsky, V. Gasso, R. Novitskyi, I. Hasso","doi":"10.15421/032102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/032102","url":null,"abstract":"Mercury is a widespread heavy metal that causes a stable and prolonged environmental pollution. Low concentrations of inorganic and organic mercury compounds are found in almost all water bodies. The high level of mercury bioaccumulation is a cause of tissue-specific toxicity, including neurotoxicity. Absorbed in nervous tissue mercury can cause brain disorders both in neural and glial cells. The brain of fish is considered one of the most susceptible targets for cytotoxicity of mercury in aquatic ecosystems. Taking into account that different forms of mercury have widespread distribution and exhibit a strong neurotoxic effect, the assessment of mercury cytotoxicity in the brain of fish is relevant and extremely important. Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss was exposed to mercury chloride in the dose range of 5-20 μg/L for 60 days to study the chronic exposure of low doses. In this paper, we studied the influence of inorganic mercury on oxidative stress, DNA repair proteins – ERCC1 and PARP1 in the trout’s brain. The results obtained have shown that the chronic effect of inorganic mercury causes dose-dependent oxidative stress in the fish brain. In addition, low concentrations of mercury (10 and 20 μg/L) caused a decrease in the content of ERCC1 in the brain of fish. On the contrary, the same doses have caused an increase in PARP1 expression. That is the chronic influence of low concentrations of inorganic mercury has a negative effect in the fish brain. Observed results showed that inorganic mercury has a potential for suppressing DNA repair and, therefore, increases the instability of genome. Thus, ERCC1 and PARP1 can be considered as the sensitive biomarkers of mercury cytotoxicity in the fish brain. A further study of mercury neurotoxicity is needed to find out the hazard of mercury environmental pollution as well as a validation of biomarkers of their impact.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83664280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}