Earth Sciences Research Journal最新文献_第6页

Modeling of the large Miocene epithermal and porphyry gold deposits of Colombia using Monte Carlo simulations 哥伦比亚中新世大型浅成热液和斑岩金矿床的蒙特卡罗模拟

IF 0.9 4区地球科学

Earth Sciences Research Journal Pub Date : 2022-02-07 DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v25n4.95289

Felipe Velásquez Ruiz, J. Martínez, Alejandra Tobón Acevedo, Alejandra Yepes Metaute, A. Zapata, Diana Paulina Cataño Salas

{"title":"Modeling of the large Miocene epithermal and porphyry gold deposits of Colombia using Monte Carlo simulations","authors":"Felipe Velásquez Ruiz, J. Martínez, Alejandra Tobón Acevedo, Alejandra Yepes Metaute, A. Zapata, Diana Paulina Cataño Salas","doi":"10.15446/esrj.v25n4.95289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v25n4.95289","url":null,"abstract":"The Cauca metallogenic belt is an inter-Andean area located along the Cauca-Romeral fault zone, which is made up of a group of twelve Miocene magmatic-hydrothermal Au-Ag-Cu mineral deposits positioned between the Western and Central Cordillera of Colombia. In addition to being a widely developed region in exploration and exploitation with known Au endowments of over 1,700 tons, this area represents an exceptional metallogenetic laboratory for modeling a typical Andean-type mineralization from a calc-alkaline source with high Sr/Y ratios. Efficiency processes such as ion and halogen transport, oxygen fugacity and sulfur content have been extensively studied with a geochemical approach; however, the quantification and modeling of these efficiency processes currently debated. Through multiple iterations using Monte Carlo simulations (N > 2 million), the modeled reservoirs corresponding to the upper crust, using a high flux of dacitic magma of 0.007 km3/year and efficiencies of 1 – 2 %, showed that gold endowments bear heavily with magmatic and hydrothermal Au deposits in the Cauca Metallogenic Belt. Outcomes including Au endowments up to 1,000 tons can be obtained for reservoirs below 400 km3 of hydrous melt in brief mineralization intervals between 40 to 120 ka and for volumes of 400 to 800 km3 in a 120 to 200 ka window. In contrast, the hypothetical reservoirs for the lower and middle crust, through a basaltic calc-alkaline magma flux between 0.0007 and 0.0011 km3/year, an efficiency of ~0.7%, and pressures below 5 kbar, showed sufficient available content of exsolvable H2O and gold to feed the reservoirs in the upper crust or to generate gold deposits from them, but in longer time intervals (>1 Ma).","PeriodicalId":11456,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49592184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anomalous geoelectric potential variations observed along a gas pipeline section in Argentine, possible intensification with variations of the Earth’s magnetic field 阿根廷天然气管道沿线观测到的异常地电位变化，可能随着地球磁场的变化而加剧

IF 0.9 4区地球科学

Earth Sciences Research Journal Pub Date : 2022-02-07 DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v25n4.91059

P. Larocca, M. A. Arecco, A. C. Macrino

{"title":"Anomalous geoelectric potential variations observed along a gas pipeline section in Argentine, possible intensification with variations of the Earth’s magnetic field","authors":"P. Larocca, M. A. Arecco, A. C. Macrino","doi":"10.15446/esrj.v25n4.91059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v25n4.91059","url":null,"abstract":"Significant anomalous geoelectric potential variations have been observed in a section of the NEUBA II gas pipeline along its route in the district of Saavedra, near the area of Goyena, province of Buenos Aires (Argentine), where it goes through major lithological, edaphological and hydrological variations. Detailed research was conducted, showing that these disturbances may be intensified with variations of the Earth’s magnetic field, during a magnetic storm, as the pipe-to-soil potential (PSP) values remained constant for weeks and then fluctuations from 0.1 V to 0.15 V were recorded in various parts of the pipeline. On the other hand, to provide another analysis of these variations, models based on the distributed source transmission line (DSTL) theory were used, proposing a uniform geoelectric field along the pipeline route. A design was proposed that would allow modeling the response of the pipeline to variations of induced geoelectric fields, taking into account their intensification based on points of discontinuity due to subsoil characteristics or differences in its structure. Good consistency was achieved between the observed and modeled PSPs. The analysis and monitoring of these PSPs is a useful tool to identify the potential risks caused by geomagnetically induced currents in the pipes that would increase the effects due to the structure or the environment in which it is buried.","PeriodicalId":11456,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41863708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Runoff Curve Number (CN model) Evaluation Under Tropical Conditions 热带条件下径流曲线数（CN模型）的评价

IF 0.9 4区地球科学

Earth Sciences Research Journal Pub Date : 2022-02-07 DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v25n4.95321

Daniela Calero Mosquera, Fanny Hoyos Villada, Enrique A. Torres Prieto

{"title":"Runoff Curve Number (CN model) Evaluation Under Tropical Conditions","authors":"Daniela Calero Mosquera, Fanny Hoyos Villada, Enrique A. Torres Prieto","doi":"10.15446/esrj.v25n4.95321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v25n4.95321","url":null,"abstract":"In tropical countries the Curve Number method (CN) of the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) is widely used in civil engineering (to calculate drainage infrastructure) as well as in agricultural and environmental studies. However, little is known about the accuracy of CN method in tropical watersheds. To reveal the CN method accuracy, this study compares the CN method results with field data measured in an Andean micro watershed. For this, CN values for the tropical micro watershed \"La Vega\" were identified using the tables proposed by the SCS and its respective moisture and slope corrections (CNAMC2S); subsequently CN values were derived from 55 events (CNQ) in which runoff and rainfall were measured. It was observed a different of 27% between CNQ and CNAMC2S (CNQ = 80, CNAMC2S 58.1). According to that, the data shows that in the tropical micro watershed evaluated in this study, the SCS method overestimated runoff. The CN model of the SCS is strongly influenced by the antecedent humidity and its impact becomes stronger after high rainfalls records; however, the antecedent humidity influence was not observed in measured runoff data. Despite the CN – SCS model did not present a relationship between CN and precipitation, this relationship was observed in measure data. This study shows that CN method has some inaccuracies and it requires further studies to know its applicability in tropical conditions. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":11456,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46163738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Factors affecting topographic thresholds in gully erosion occurrence and its management using predictive machine learning models 影响沟蚀发生地形阈值的因素及其使用预测机器学习模型的管理

IF 0.9 4区地球科学

Earth Sciences Research Journal Pub Date : 2022-02-07 DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v25n4.95748

M. Valipour, N. Mohseni, S. Hosseinzadeh

{"title":"Factors affecting topographic thresholds in gully erosion occurrence and its management using predictive machine learning models","authors":"M. Valipour, N. Mohseni, S. Hosseinzadeh","doi":"10.15446/esrj.v25n4.95748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v25n4.95748","url":null,"abstract":"Soil degradation induced by gully erosion represents a worldwide problem in the many arid and semi-arid countries, such as Iran. This study assessed: (1) the importance of variables that control gully erosion using the Boruta algorithm, (2) the relationship among causative variables and gullied locations using the evidential belief function model (EBF), and (3) gully erosion development using the algorithms of boosted regression tree (BRT) and support vector machine (SVM). Based on the results of the Boruta algorithm, slope, land use, lithology, plan curvature, and elevation were the most important factors controlling gully erosion. The results of the EBF model showed the predominance of gully erosion on rangeland and loess-marl deposition. The predominance of gullied locations on the concave positions, with the slope of 5°–20° in the vicinity of drainage lines, illustrates a preferential topographic zone and, therefore, a terrain threshold for gullying. The correlation of gullied locations with rangelands and weak soils in concave positions demonstrates that the interactions among soil characteristics, topography, and land use stimulate a low topographic threshold for gullies development. These relationships are consistent with the threshold concept that a given soil, land use, and climate within a given landscape encourage a given drainage area and a critical soil surface slope that are necessary for gully incision. Furthermore, the BRF-SVM had the highest efficiency and the lowest root mean square error, followed by BRT for predicting gully development, compared with LN-SVM algorithm. The application of two machine learning methods for predicting the gully head cut susceptibility in northern Iran showed that the maps generated by these algorithms could provide an appropriate strategy for geo-conservation and restoration efforts in gullying-prone areas.","PeriodicalId":11456,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47924826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A Modelling Study by Factorial Design on GNSS Positioning 基于因子设计的GNSS定位建模研究

IF 0.9 4区地球科学

Earth Sciences Research Journal Pub Date : 2022-02-07 DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v25n4.95060

V. Ilçi, Yasemin Şişman

引用次数: 0

Geoid undulation prediction using ANNs (RBFNN and GRNN), multiple linear regression (MLR), and interpolation methods: A comparative study 基于人工神经网络(RBFNN和GRNN)、多元线性回归(MLR)和插值方法的大地水准面波动预测比较研究

IF 0.9 4区地球科学

Earth Sciences Research Journal Pub Date : 2022-02-07 DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v25n4.91195

B. Konakoglu, Alper Akar

{"title":"Geoid undulation prediction using ANNs (RBFNN and GRNN), multiple linear regression (MLR), and interpolation methods: A comparative study","authors":"B. Konakoglu, Alper Akar","doi":"10.15446/esrj.v25n4.91195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v25n4.91195","url":null,"abstract":"The present work aimed to develop a prediction model to estimate geoid undulation and to compare its efficiency with other methods including radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), generalized regression neural network (GRNN), multiple linear regression (MLR) and, ten different interpolation methods. In this study, the k-fold cross-validation method was used to evaluate the model and its behavior on the independent dataset. With this validation method, each of a k number of groups has the chance to be divided into training and testing data. The performances of the methods were evaluated in terms of the root mean square error (RMSE) mean absolute error (MAE), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE), and correlation coefficient (R2) and using graphical indicators. The evaluation of the performance of the datasets obtained using cross-validation was done in two ways. If we accept the method having the minimum error result as the most appropriate method, the natural neighbor (NN) method in the DS#5 dataset gave better results than the other methods (RMSE=0.14173 m, MAE=0.09729 m, NSE=0.98986, and R2=0.99011. On the other hand, it has been observed that, the GRNN method exhibited the best performance, on average, with RMSE=0.18539 m, MAE=0.13676 m, NSE=0.98229, and R2=0.98249.","PeriodicalId":11456,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44211055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Seismic site classification of the Costa Rican Strong-Motion Network based on VS30 measurements and site fundamental period 基于VS30测量和场地基本周期的哥斯达黎加强震网络地震场地分类

IF 0.9 4区地球科学

Earth Sciences Research Journal Pub Date : 2022-02-07 DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v25n4.93927

L. Pinzón, D. Hidalgo-Leiva, Aarón Moya-Fernández, Víctor Schmidt-Díaz, L. Pujades

引用次数: 6

Investigating the effects of groundwater level changes on GNSS observations in the Konya Closed Basin 调查科尼亚封闭盆地地下水位变化对全球导航卫星系统观测的影响

IF 0.9 4区地球科学

Earth Sciences Research Journal Pub Date : 2022-02-07 DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v25n4.92490

H. Erdogan, O. Oktar, Cemil Gezgin, F. Poyraz, N. Arslan, F. Yilmazturk

{"title":"Investigating the effects of groundwater level changes on GNSS observations in the Konya Closed Basin","authors":"H. Erdogan, O. Oktar, Cemil Gezgin, F. Poyraz, N. Arslan, F. Yilmazturk","doi":"10.15446/esrj.v25n4.92490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v25n4.92490","url":null,"abstract":"The Konya Closed Basin (KCB) that inhabited by approximately 4 million people has a semi-arid climate and has been an important agricultural and economic production area with its alluvial fertile soils. In recent years, the use of groundwater as a main source in the intense need for irrigation in the basin due to climate change, drought and wrong agricultural policies triggered land subsidence in the basin by causing the aquifer system compaction. In this study, the effects of groundwater level changes obtained from groundwater monitoring stations on the positions of continuously operating GNSS stations located in KCB were investigated by time series analysis. As a result of trend component analyses of time series processed based on the ITRF08 fixed frame, it was determined that the horizontal positions of stations in this region were moving in the northeast direction (18.88 mm/year). For the up coordinates, while stations ANRK, KLUU, and NIGD had movements (0.56 mm/year) in the up direction, the other stations moved in the down direction. The vertical movement of KNY1 station based on 560-day data was in the down (-) direction, with an annual movement of 70.96 mm, and this was the maximum movement or velocity compared to the other stations in this region. The trend analysis of 19 wells revealed linear groundwater level changes in the down direction with a mean value of -39.22 cm/year. The decrease in the water level of the wells in the Konya Closed Basin was statistically significant for the majority of the wells and at meter level in some wells. It was determined that the linear decrease was generally caused by the reduced level of groundwater in this region. The periodic component analysis showed that the movements of the GNSS stations changed from a day to a year due to several factors, such as atmospheric and hydrological loading and climatic effects.","PeriodicalId":11456,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47090233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Petrographic and geochemical features of Gimo marble, Gole area, Kurdistan Region, Iraq: constraints on its protolith's origin and depositional environment 伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区Gole地区Gimo大理岩的岩石学地球化学特征:对其原岩成因和沉积环境的制约

IF 0.9 4区地球科学

Earth Sciences Research Journal Pub Date : 2021-10-27 DOI: 10.15446/ESRJ.V25N3.88686

Tola A. Mirza, S. Kalaitzidis, Sardar S. Fatah, Sophia Tsiotou

{"title":"Petrographic and geochemical features of Gimo marble, Gole area, Kurdistan Region, Iraq: constraints on its protolith's origin and depositional environment","authors":"Tola A. Mirza, S. Kalaitzidis, Sardar S. Fatah, Sophia Tsiotou","doi":"10.15446/ESRJ.V25N3.88686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ESRJ.V25N3.88686","url":null,"abstract":"It is essential to identify marbles' petrographic and geochemical characteristics to determine the palaeo-environmental settings where their carbonate protoliths formed. The petrogenesis of massive Gimo marbles in the Gole area, Kurdistan Region of northeast Iraq, was investigated in this study through a combination of field mapping, petrographic, and geochemical techniques. Petrographic examination of these marbles reveals that mineral compositions are similar in all samples, with both homeoblastic and mosaic textures occurring, in addition to opaque grains that provide evidence of mineralization. Geochemical analyses show that the average calcium carbonate content of the marble is 94.96%; hence, the marble is lithologically characterized as a pure calcite marble. In most samples, the silica content was below 2 wt.%, with high values related to quartz veinlets. A range of geochemical indices and Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS–normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns) suggest that the limestone protolith was deposited in a shallow, near-shore marine environment on a continental margin, with very low input of detrital material. The negative Ce anomalies indicate that the protoliths of the Gimo marbles were carbonate rocks of a sedimentary origin.","PeriodicalId":11456,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42563639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrical and magnetic data time series’ observations as an approach to identify the seismic activity of non-anthropic origin 电磁数据时间序列观测作为识别非人类起源地震活动的一种方法

IF 0.9 4区地球科学

Earth Sciences Research Journal Pub Date : 2021-10-27 DOI: 10.15446/ESRJ.V25N3.95782

Juan Manuel Solano Fino, A. Caneva, C. Jiménez, L. H. Ochoa

引用次数: 1